1、2011年厦门大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷及答案解析(总分：44.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、名词解释(总题数：13，分数：26.00)1.The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy（分数：2.00）_2.The Bluest Eye（分数：2.00）_3.The Heart of Darkness（分数：2.00）_4.Mansfield Park（分数：2.00）_5.Midnight“s Children（分数：2.00）_6.The Golden Notebook（分数：2.00）_7.“In my hungry fatigue, and
2、shopping for images, I went into the neon fruit supermarket, dreaming of your enumerations!“（分数：2.00）_8.The Sea of Faith / Was once, too, at the full, and round earth“s shore / lay like the folds of a bright girdle furled. “（分数：2.00）_9.Byronic hero（分数：2.00）_10.Southern Gothic（分数：2.00）_11.Puritanism（
3、分数：2.00）_12.New Criticism（分数：2.00）_13.Bildungsroman（分数：2.00）_二、评论题(总题数：6，分数：12.00)14.Jack(in Lord of the Flies)（分数：2.00）_15.Blanche(in A Streetcar Named Desire)（分数：2.00）_16.Pip(in Great Expectations)（分数：2.00）_17.Granny Weatherall(in The Jilting of Granny Weatherall)（分数：2.00）_18.Faustus(in The Tragic
4、 History of the Life and Death of Dr. Faustus)（分数：2.00）_19.Gatsby(in The Great Gatsby)（分数：2.00）_三、问答题(总题数：2，分数：4.00)20.Literary postmodernism was officially inaugurated in the United States in the 1970s. Please discuss the main features of postmodern American literature, and illustrate your points w
5、ith two or three examples.（分数：2.00）_21.The desire to escape from society and return to nature has become a permanent convention of American literature since the 19th century. Please discuss this literary motif in social and cultural contexts, and illustrate it with two or three examples from the 19t
6、h and 20th American literature.（分数：2.00）_四、分析题(总题数：1，分数：2.00)22.Read the following poem and write a short essay based on the following questions in about 100 words:(8 points)Thoughts in a Zooby Countee Cullen(1903 1946)They in their cruel traps, and we in ours, Survey each other“s rage, and pass the
7、 hours Commiserating each the other“s woe,To mitigate his own pain“s fiery glow.Man could but little proffer in exchangeSave that his cages have a larger range.That lion with his lordly, untamed heartHas in some man his human counterpart.Some lofty soul in dreams and visions wrapped,But in the stifl
8、ing flesh securely trapped.Gaunt eagle whose raw pinions stain the barsThat prison you, so men cry for the stats!Some delve down like the mole far underground,(Their nature is to burrow, not to bound).Some, like the snake, with changeless slothful eye,Stir not, but sleep and smoulder where they lie.
9、Who is most wretched, these caged ones, or we.Caught in a vastness beyond our sight to sec?Questions:A)What does the first line “They in their cruel traps, and we in ours“ imply about the theme of this poem? How is the theme developed in this poem?B)The poem is marked with vivid imagery. Please comm
10、ent on the animal images and tell the symbolic meanings they each convey.C)What kind of reaction to life does this poem display? How universal is the poet“s emotional experience?D)Considering the fact that the poet is regarded as “perhaps the most representative voice of the Harlem Renaissance,“ how
11、 does the poem specifically relate to African Americans“ experience in the United States?（分数：2.00）_2011年厦门大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷答案解析(总分：44.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、名词解释(总题数：13，分数：26.00)1.The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Laurence Sterne)解析：解析： 项狄传(The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy
12、)是英国著名作家劳伦斯斯特恩(LaurenceSterne，17131768)的代表作，这部作品打破了传统小说的常规叙述模式，写法奇特。小说各章长短不一，有的甚至是空白或者黑页。书中还充满长篇累牍的议论和插话，甚至出现乐谱、星号、省略号等莫名其妙的表达方式，同时穿插着无休止的离题话、不完整的句子、古怪的句法结构、幽默的奇思和伤感情调等。项狄传被称作是“世界文学中最奇特的小说”，文学界普遍认为 20世纪小说中的意识流手法可以追溯到这部奇异的小说，同时，项狄传也被誉为 20世纪后现代派小说的开山鼻祖。2.The Bluest Eye（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Toni Morriso
13、n)解析：3.The Heart of Darkness（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Joseph Conrad)解析：4.Mansfield Park（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Jane Austen)解析：5.Midnight“s Children（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Salman Rushdie)解析：解析： 萨尔曼拉什迪(Salman Rushdie)是印度裔英国作家，他的作品午夜的孩子通过对三代印度人的命运的描写，将 1919年至 1977年间印度的重大历史事件呈现出来，描述了殖民后遗症，揭示了英帝国在印度留下的诸如宗教冲突、民族分裂等灾
14、难性后果。6.The Golden Notebook（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Doris Lessing)解析：解析： 多丽丝莱辛(Doris Lessing)是英国女作家，2007 年诺贝尔文学奖得主。代表作是金色笔记本(The Golden Notebook)。书中女主人公伍尔芙有五本笔记本，记述了她对非洲、对政治、对党派、对与男人关系、对性等问题的思考。这部作品中，莱辛采用了复杂的叙述技巧，描述政治现实与情感世界间的交织缠斗。7.“In my hungry fatigue, and shopping for images, I went into the neon fru
15、it supermarket, dreaming of your enumerations!“（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Allen Ginsberg)解析：解析： 艾伦金斯伯格(Allen Ginsberg)是战后“垮掉的一代”文学运动中的主要代表诗人，其代表作为长诗嚎叫(Howl)。金斯伯格在这首加州水果超市(A Supermarket in California)中叙述了他在某夜翻阅惠特曼诗歌时所产生的幻觉。诗人跳跃性的想象使物质世界和精神生活交替出现，反衬了诗人面对这个丰富的物质世界时，时刻感受到的却是精神上的空虚和匮乏。8.The Sea of Faith / Was
16、once, too, at the full, and round earth“s shore / lay like the folds of a bright girdle furled. “（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Mathew Arnold)解析：解析： 马修阿诺德是英国著名的文学批判家，这首多佛海滩(Dover Beach)是他最著名的一首诗，全诗深刻地反映了 19世纪西方社会中的宗教信仰在新知识的冲击下普遍沦丧的时代风貌。9.Byronic hero（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Byronic hero is an idealized but flawed
17、 character exemplified in the life and writings of English romantic poet Lord Byron. It is characterized by Lady Caroline Lamb, later a lover of Byron“s, as being “ mad, bad, and dangerous to know“. Byronic hero first appeared in Byron“s semi-autobiographical epic narrative poem Childe Harold“s Pilg
18、rimage.)解析：10.Southern Gothic（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Southern Gothic is a distinctly American sub-genre of Gothic fiction, setting largely but not exclusively in the Southern American. Southern Gothic employs elements such as the horrific, the violent, the unorthodox, or the supernatural. It conveys a
19、sense of uncertainty through bizarre twists, violence and moral ambivalence to create suspense, while also using it to explore the social, political, and racial issues of America.)解析：11.Puritanism（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of the Puritans. Puritanism stresses predes
20、tination, original sin, total depravity, and limited atonement from God“s grace. Their way of life stresses hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety. These religious and moral principles become one of the enduring influences in American thought and American literature.)解析：12.New Criticism（分数：2.00）_正确答案
21、：(正确答案：New Criticism is a movement in literary theory that dominates American literary criticism in the middle decades of the 20th century. It emphasizes close reading, particularly of poetry, to discover how a work of literature functions as a self-contained, self-referential aesthetic object.)解析：1
22、3.Bildungsroman（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Bildungsroman defines a genre of the novel which focuses on the psychological and moral growth of the protagonist from youth to adulthood, and in which characters“ change is thus extremely important. In a Bildungsroman, the goal is maturity. Charles Dickens“ David
23、 Copperfield is a classic Bildungsroman.)解析：二、评论题(总题数：6，分数：12.00)14.Jack(in Lord of the Flies)（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Jack is the novel“s antagonist. He is one of the older boys stranded on the island. Jack is the leader of the hunters, but longs for total power and becomes increasingly wild, barbaric,
24、 and cruel as the novel progresses. Jack, adept at manipulating the other boys, represents the instinct of savagery within human beings, as opposed to the civilizing instinct Ralph represents.)解析：15.Blanche(in A Streetcar Named Desire)（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Blanche was once a high school English teach
25、er, but when she arrives in New Orleans, she is destitute. She is a loquacious and fragile woman around the age of thirty. Though she has strong sexual urges and has many lovers, she puts on the airs of a woman who has never known indignity. She avoids reality, preferring to live in her own imaginat
26、ion. As the play progresses, her instability grows along with her misfortune.)解析：16.Pip(in Great Expectations)（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Pip is the protagonist and narrator of Great Expectations. He begins the story as an orphan boy being raised by his sister and brother-in-law in the southeast of England
27、. He is passionate, romantic, and somewhat unrealistic at heart. And he tends to expect more for himself than that is reasonable. Pip also has a powerful conscience, and he deeply wants to improve himself, both morally and socially.)解析：17.Granny Weatherall(in The Jilting of Granny Weatherall)（分数：2.0
28、0）_正确答案：(正确答案：Granny Weatherall is a woman about eighty. She lives a hard life but still believes herself as a gritty survivor. She prides herself on her strength, mothering skills, and ability to run a household single-handedly. As her name suggested, she has weathered all kinds of difficulties and
29、 can“t conceive of ever giving up the fight.)解析：解析： 被遗弃的韦瑟罗尔奶奶是美国女作家凯瑟琳安波特(Katherine Anne Porter，18901980)的作品。波特擅长写短篇小说，她将素材、主题、结构和风格融为一体，是个出色的文体家。被遗弃的韦瑟罗尔奶奶描述了女主人公韦瑟罗尔奶奶临终前一天的心理活动，展现了其一生 80年的坎坷经历，生动刻画了老妇人临终前的悲愤心情。18.Faustus(in The Tragic History of the Life and Death of Dr. Faustus)（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(
30、正确答案：Faustus is a Wittenberg scholar who sells his soul to the devil in exchange for twenty-four years of power. In many ways, Faustus typifies the Renaissance hero who strove for and sometimes attained ambitious military or navigational goals. Faustus sought ultimate; power and forbidden knowledge,
31、 so the tragedy of Faustus is characteristic of a humanist in the age of Renaissance.)解析：19.Gatsby(in The Great Gatsby)（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Gatsby is a young man, around thirty years old, who grew up from an impoverished childhood in rural North Dakota to become fabulously wealthy. However, he achie
32、ves this lofty goal by participating in organized crime. Though Gatsby has always wanted to be rich, his main motivation in acquiring his fortune is his love for Daisy. As the novel progresses, Gatsby reveals himself to be an innocent, hopeful young man who stakes everything on his dreams, not reali
33、zing that his dreams are unworthy of him.)解析：三、问答题(总题数：2，分数：4.00)20.Literary postmodernism was officially inaugurated in the United States in the 1970s. Please discuss the main features of postmodern American literature, and illustrate your points with two or three examples.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Post
34、modern writers reject the traditional referential of art, so fundamental rule of postmodern fiction is absurd and arbitrary, whose text explicitly concerns itself with the process of narration, with writing and composition. It is a kind of characteristic of gimmicks, playfulness, and narcissism thro
35、ugh parody and burlesque. Donald Barthelme“s Snow White is an absurdist dissection of the fairy tale. In this book, the frequent narration is made up of word games and random allusion to both literature and popular culture. Postmodern writers believe that the reality of modern life is too elusive an
36、d uncertain for people to rationalize and idealize. By rendering language irrational, postmodern writers neutralize the fiasco of reality and the imposture of history and suggest participation in the chaos and absurdity of the world as the only meaningful way of life. In Barth“s The Sot-Weed Factor,
37、 for example, he retells the American history of the colonial period in an inverted direction; not about the European immigrants who come to America to make great fortune, but about the Americans who return to Europe to retrace their confused origin and unmake their fortune. In this way, the author reduces American history to an absurd farce.)解析：21.The desire to escape from society and return to nature has become a permanent co
