1、2012 年扬州大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案解析(总分:66.00,做题时间:90 分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数:32,分数:60.00)1.英译汉_2.IMF(分数:2.00)_3.CPI(分数:2.00)_4.NPC(分数:2.00)_5.IDD(分数:2.00)_6.APEC(分数:2.00)_7.sonnet(分数:2.00)_8.syntax(分数:2.00)_9.A-share(分数:2.00)_10.protagonist(分数:2.00)_11.transliteration(分数:2.00)_12.Oedipus Complex(分数:2.00)_13.Wall Street
2、 Journal(分数:2.00)_14.US dollar appreciation(分数:2.00)_15.The Proclamation of Emancipation(分数:2.00)_16.The United Nations Security Council(分数:2.00)_17.汉译英_18.人际功能(分数:2.00)_19.美感功能(分数:2.00)_20.下拉菜单(分数:2.00)_软驱_隐性_23.形象思维(分数:2.00)_月季_气虚_26.复合句(分数:2.00)_编码_28.语用学(分数:2.00)_29.五光十色(分数:2.00)_30.国际文献(分数:2.00
3、)_意合_32.互文性(分数:2.00)_二、英汉互译(总题数:5,分数:6.00)33.英译汉_34.The first point about chores is that they are repetitive. They come every day or thereabouts, and once done they require after a certain time to be done again. In this regard a chore is the very opposite of a “happening“that strange sort of event w
4、hich a few years back was so much in fashion. For a happening was in essence unrepeatable; it came about in ways no one could predict, taking form from vaporous imaginings or sudden impulse. Chores, by contrast, can be foreseen in advance; for better or worse, I know that tomorrow I must be re-enact
5、ing the same small round of ritualistic deeds; and they arise, moreover, from practical necessities, not from poetic flights.(分数:2.00)_35.From time to time, we are insensitive and behave in a way what hurts someone“s feelings. Afterward, when we feel guilty and down in the dumps, friends can reassur
6、e us. This positive interaction is therapeutic, and much less than visits to a psychologist.Adolescence and age are the two stages in lives when the need for friendship is crucial. In the former stage, teens are plagued by uncertainty and mixed feelings. In the latter stage, older people are upset b
7、y feelings of uselessness and insignificance. In both instances, friends can make a dramatic difference. With close friends in their lives, people develop courage and positive attitudes. Teenagers have the moral support to assert their individuality; the elderly approach their advanced years with op
8、timism and an interest in life. These positive outlooks are vital to cope successfully with the crises inherent in these two stages of life.(分数:2.00)_36.汉译英_37.电脑与人脑的差异,可以用一个字眼来概括:复杂性。大型哺乳动物的大脑,就其体积而言,是我们所知晓的最复杂的肌体。人脑只有 3 磅,但就在这 3 磅物质中,却包含着 100 亿个神经细胞,以及 1 000亿个更小的细胞。这上百亿上千亿的细胞相互联系,行成一个无比复杂的网络,人类迄今还
9、无法解开这其中的奥秘。 即便人类现今研制出的最复杂的电脑,其复杂程度也无法与人脑相比。电脑的转换器和元件只是成千上万,而不是上百亿,上千亿。更重要的是,电脑的转换器仅是一种开关装置,而人脑细胞本来却有着极其复杂的内部结构。 电脑能思考吗?这取决于你如何理解“思考”的含义。如果解一道数学题可算“思考”的话,那么电脑也能“思考”,而且速度比人快得多。当然,大多数数学题只需通过机器不断重复某种简单的过程,就能得到解决。如今,即便简单的电脑也能胜任这一工作。 人们常说,电脑之所以能解决问题,只是因为它们被输入了解决问题的“程序”。它们只能做人让它们做的事。我们应该记住,人类同样也只能按“程序”办事。受
10、精卵一形成,基因就给我们编好了“程序”,我们的潜力也就要受到这个“程序”的限制。 不过,我们的“程序”要复杂得多因此我们更喜欢用创造力来界定“思考”的意义。有了这种创造力,就能写出伟大的剧本,创作不朽的乐章,提出卓越的科学理论,创立深奥的伦理观点。从这个意义上讲,电脑当然不能思考,人类的大多数也做不到。 可是,如果能把电脑造得足够复杂的话,那它一定能像人一样富于创造力。倘若电脑能像人脑那样复杂,它就能与人脑旗鼓相当,完成人脑所能做的一切。(分数:2.00)_2012 年扬州大学英语翻译基础真题试卷答案解析(总分:66.00,做题时间:90 分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数:32,分数:60.00)1
11、.英译汉_解析:2.IMF(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:国际货币基金组织)解析:3.CPI(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:消费者物价指数)解析:4.NPC(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:全国人民代表大会)解析:5.IDD(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:国际直拨电话)解析:6.APEC(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:亚太经合组织)解析:7.sonnet(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:十四行诗)解析:8.syntax(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:句法)解析:9.A-share(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:A 股)
12、解析:10.protagonist(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:主角)解析:11.transliteration(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:音译)解析:12.Oedipus Complex(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:恋母情结)解析:13.Wall Street Journal(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:华尔街日报)解析:14.US dollar appreciation(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:美元升值)解析:15.The Proclamation of Emancipation(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:解放
13、宣言)解析:16.The United Nations Security Council(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:联合国安全理事会)解析:17.汉译英_解析:18.人际功能(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:interpersonal function)解析:19.美感功能(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:aesthetic function)解析:20.下拉菜单(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:pulldown menu)解析:软驱_正确答案:(正确答案:floppy disk driver)解析:隐性_正确答案:(正确答案:recessiveness)
14、解析:23.形象思维(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:imaginal thinking)解析:月季_正确答案:(正确答案:Chinese rose)解析:气虚_正确答案:(正确答案:deficiency of vital energy)解析:26.复合句(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:compound sentence)解析:编码_正确答案:(正确答案:encode)解析:28.语用学(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:pragmatics)解析:29.五光十色(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:multicolored)解析:30.国际文献(分数:2.00)_
15、正确答案:(正确答案:international literature)解析:意合_正确答案:(正确答案:parataxis)解析:32.互文性(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:intertextuality)解析:二、英汉互译(总题数:5,分数:6.00)33.英译汉_解析:34.The first point about chores is that they are repetitive. They come every day or thereabouts, and once done they require after a certain time to be done a
16、gain. In this regard a chore is the very opposite of a “happening“that strange sort of event which a few years back was so much in fashion. For a happening was in essence unrepeatable; it came about in ways no one could predict, taking form from vaporous imaginings or sudden impulse. Chores, by cont
17、rast, can be foreseen in advance; for better or worse, I know that tomorrow I must be re-enacting the same small round of ritualistic deeds; and they arise, moreover, from practical necessities, not from poetic flights.(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案: 家务事的第一个特点就是反反复复。天天会有或者顺手就会有,做完之后,过一段时间还得重做。在这方面,它与几年前盛行的“即兴
18、剧”里的表演可正好相反。即兴剧根本不会重复,不是凭空想象就是心血来潮,谁也不知道会发生什么。与之相比,家务事,不管喜不喜欢,都可以提前预见。我知道明天肯定要再做一遍这种例行公事,而且家务事是出于实际需求,而不是一时兴起。)解析:35.From time to time, we are insensitive and behave in a way what hurts someone“s feelings. Afterward, when we feel guilty and down in the dumps, friends can reassure us. This positive i
19、nteraction is therapeutic, and much less than visits to a psychologist.Adolescence and age are the two stages in lives when the need for friendship is crucial. In the former stage, teens are plagued by uncertainty and mixed feelings. In the latter stage, older people are upset by feelings of useless
20、ness and insignificance. In both instances, friends can make a dramatic difference. With close friends in their lives, people develop courage and positive attitudes. Teenagers have the moral support to assert their individuality; the elderly approach their advanced years with optimism and an interes
21、t in life. These positive outlooks are vital to cope successfully with the crises inherent in these two stages of life.(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案: 随着时间流逝,我们变得麻木不仁,而且容易伤害他人的感情。后来,我们感到内心愧疚、情绪低落的时候,朋友可以帮我们稳定心绪。这种积极的相互作用对健康非常有益,比看心理医生顶用多了。 青少年和老年这两个阶段,对友谊有着迫切需求。在前一个阶段,青少年为不确定性以及混合的各种感情所困扰。而后一个阶段,老年人烦恼自己没有用而且人
22、生没有意义。在这两个例子中,朋友都可以起到很重要的作用。有了亲密的朋友,人们就有了勇气和积极的态度。青少年有了维护他们个性的精神支持,老年人可以乐观地面对老年生活,并对生活充满兴趣。要想化解这两个人生阶段的内在危机,这种乐观的看法是至关重要的。)解析:36.汉译英_解析:37.电脑与人脑的差异,可以用一个字眼来概括:复杂性。大型哺乳动物的大脑,就其体积而言,是我们所知晓的最复杂的肌体。人脑只有 3 磅,但就在这 3 磅物质中,却包含着 100 亿个神经细胞,以及 1 000亿个更小的细胞。这上百亿上千亿的细胞相互联系,行成一个无比复杂的网络,人类迄今还无法解开这其中的奥秘。 即便人类现今研制出
23、的最复杂的电脑,其复杂程度也无法与人脑相比。电脑的转换器和元件只是成千上万,而不是上百亿,上千亿。更重要的是,电脑的转换器仅是一种开关装置,而人脑细胞本来却有着极其复杂的内部结构。 电脑能思考吗?这取决于你如何理解“思考”的含义。如果解一道数学题可算“思考”的话,那么电脑也能“思考”,而且速度比人快得多。当然,大多数数学题只需通过机器不断重复某种简单的过程,就能得到解决。如今,即便简单的电脑也能胜任这一工作。 人们常说,电脑之所以能解决问题,只是因为它们被输入了解决问题的“程序”。它们只能做人让它们做的事。我们应该记住,人类同样也只能按“程序”办事。受精卵一形成,基因就给我们编好了“程序”,我
24、们的潜力也就要受到这个“程序”的限制。 不过,我们的“程序”要复杂得多因此我们更喜欢用创造力来界定“思考”的意义。有了这种创造力,就能写出伟大的剧本,创作不朽的乐章,提出卓越的科学理论,创立深奥的伦理观点。从这个意义上讲,电脑当然不能思考,人类的大多数也做不到。 可是,如果能把电脑造得足够复杂的话,那它一定能像人一样富于创造力。倘若电脑能像人脑那样复杂,它就能与人脑旗鼓相当,完成人脑所能做的一切。(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:Even the most complicated computer man has yet built can“t compare in intricacy
25、 with the brain. Computer switches and components number in the thousands rather than in the billions. What“ s more, the computer switch is just an on-off device, whereas the brain composes of a tremendously complex structure. Can a computer think? That depends on what you mean by “think“. If solvin
26、g a mathematical problem is “thinking“, then a computer can “think“ and do so much faster than a man. Of course, most mathematical problems can be solved quite mechanically by repeating certain straight-forward processes over and over again. Even the simple computers today can be geared for that. Ou
27、r “program“ is so much more e-normously complex, though, that we might like to define “thinking“ in terms of the creativity that goes into writing a great play or composing a great symphony, conceiving a brilliant scientific theory or a profound ethical judgment. In that sense, computers certainly can“t think and neither can most humans. Surely, though, if a computer can be made complex enough, it can be as creative as we are. If it could be made as complex as a human brain, it could be equivalent to a human brain and do whatever a human brain can do.)解析: