1、2013 年北京航空航天大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案解析(总分：72.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数：32，分数：60.00)1.英译汉_2.abusive translation（分数：2.00）_3.adjustment（分数：2.00）_4.analysis（分数：2.00）_5.auto-translation（分数：2.00）_6.blank verse translation（分数：2.00）_7.class shift（分数：2.00）_8.coherence（分数：2.00）_9.contextual consistency（分数：2.00）_10.tran
2、slation as decision-making（分数：2.00）_11.Descriptive Translation Studies（分数：2.00）_12.disambiguation（分数：2.00）_13.subtitling（分数：2.00）_14.exoticism（分数：2.00）_15.skopos theory（分数：2.00）_16.rewriting（分数：2.00）_17.汉译英_忠信_口译_20.假朋友（分数：2.00）_常规_22.自然性（分数：2.00）_音译_配音_25.翻译理论（分数：2.00）_26.平行语料库（分数：2.00）_直译_28.不可译性（
3、分数：2.00）_29.充分性（分数：2.00）_30.异化翻译（分数：2.00）_31.语内翻译（分数：2.00）_32.译后编辑（分数：2.00）_二、英汉互译(总题数：8，分数：12.00)33.英译汉_34.A fully-automatic factory, as we are able to envisage it today, takes the form of a complete factory with only a few skilled engineers to keep it in running order and a control committee to de
4、cide on the broad outline of the production plan. The details of the production plan will be decided by a computer which receives all the information necessary for the efficient running of a business. This machine will process the information fed to it and pass on the results both to the control com
5、mittee and to a second large special-purpose computer acting as the central production controller.（分数：2.00）_35.The sciences are differentiated precisely on the basis of the particular contradictions inherent in their respective objects of study. Thus the contradiction peculiar to a certain field of
6、phenomena constitutes the object of study for a specific branch of science. For example, positive and negative numbers in mathematics; action and reaction in mechanics; positive and negative electricity in physics; dissociation and combination in chemistry; forces of production and relations of prod
7、uction, classes and class struggle, in social science; offence and defense in military science; idealism and materialism, the metaphysical outlook and the dialectical outlook, in philosophy; and so onall these are the objects of study of different branches of science precisely because each branch ha
8、s its own particular contradiction and particular essence.（分数：2.00）_36.Almost 40 years ago, when Lyndon Johnson declared war on poverty, a family with a car and a Dutch Colonial in the suburbs felt prosperous, and, in the face of the president“s call to action, magnanimous. Poverty seemed far away,
9、in the shanties of the South or the worst pockets of urban blight. Today that same family may well feel impoverished, overwhelmed by credit card debt, a second mortgage and the cost of the stuff that has become the backbone of American life. When the middle class feels poor, the poor have little cha
10、nce for change, or even recognition. Does anyone think twice about the woman who turns down the spread on the hotel bed?（分数：2.00）_37.汉译英_38.中国的载人空间工程项目按照“三步走”战略计划进行。第一步将中国宇航员送到太空，进行数天和数人太空飞行并安全返回预订位置。第二步将在进行太空舱外活动等关键技术上做出突破，将太空站送进太空，并进行短期载人空间应用试验。第三步将建立一个太空实验室，用于宇航员进行长期载人空间试验。（分数：2.00）_39.随着印度规模庞大的人
11、口中有更多的人开始使用手机，用户和服务提供商都面临的挑战之一是印度语言的多样性。印度有 22 个主要语种，有九种不同的文字系统。每种文字系统都有数十个字符，输入起来往往很麻烦。（分数：2.00）_40.在求职面试中，应聘者在握手时的表现或许至关重要。不过，能让企业了解到握手背后的真实情况的则是性格测试。很多各类企业都在采用性格测试来考察求职者的责任心、外向性格以及其他可能有助于造就成功职业生涯的性格特征。（分数：2.00）_2013 年北京航空航天大学英语翻译基础真题试卷答案解析(总分：72.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数：32，分数：60.00)1.英译汉_解析：2.abu
12、sive translation（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：滥译)解析：3.adjustment（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：调整)解析：4.analysis（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：分析)解析：5.auto-translation（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：自动翻译)解析：6.blank verse translation（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：无韵体翻译)解析：7.class shift（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：词类转换)解析：8.coherence（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：连贯)解析
13、：9.contextual consistency（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：语境一致)解析：10.translation as decision-making（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：翻译即抉择)解析：11.Descriptive Translation Studies（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：描写翻译研究)解析：12.disambiguation（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：消解歧义)解析：13.subtitling（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：字幕翻译)解析：14.exoticism（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确
14、答案：异国情调)解析：15.skopos theory（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：目的论)解析：16.rewriting（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：重写)解析：17.汉译英_解析：忠信_正确答案：(正确答案：fidelity)解析：口译_正确答案：(正确答案：dolmetschen)解析：20.假朋友（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：faux Amis)解析：常规_正确答案：(正确答案：convention)解析：22.自然性（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：naturalness)解析：音译_正确答案：(正确答案：transliteration)解
15、析：配音_正确答案：(正确答案：dubbing)解析：25.翻译理论（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：theories of translation)解析：26.平行语料库（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：parallel corpus)解析：直译_正确答案：(正确答案：liberal translation)解析：28.不可译性（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：untranslatability)解析：29.充分性（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：adequacy)解析：30.异化翻译（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：foreignizing tran
16、slation)解析：31.语内翻译（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：intralingual translation)解析：32.译后编辑（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：post-editing)解析：二、英汉互译(总题数：8，分数：12.00)33.英译汉_解析：34.A fully-automatic factory, as we are able to envisage it today, takes the form of a complete factory with only a few skilled engineers to keep it in runni
17、ng order and a control committee to decide on the broad outline of the production plan. The details of the production plan will be decided by a computer which receives all the information necessary for the efficient running of a business. This machine will process the information fed to it and pass
18、on the results both to the control committee and to a second large special-purpose computer acting as the central production controller.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： 全自动化工厂，如同我们现在所能设想的那样，虽是一座完整的工厂，却仅需要一些技能熟练的工程师来使其正常运转。总的生产计划则由一个控制委员会来制定。而生产计划的细节则由一台接收到业务高效运转所需必要信息的计算机决定。这台机器会处理收到的信息，并将处理结果反馈给控制委员会和作为中央生产控制
19、器的另一台大型专用计算机。)解析：35.The sciences are differentiated precisely on the basis of the particular contradictions inherent in their respective objects of study. Thus the contradiction peculiar to a certain field of phenomena constitutes the object of study for a specific branch of science. For example, po
20、sitive and negative numbers in mathematics; action and reaction in mechanics; positive and negative electricity in physics; dissociation and combination in chemistry; forces of production and relations of production, classes and class struggle, in social science; offence and defense in military scie
21、nce; idealism and materialism, the metaphysical outlook and the dialectical outlook, in philosophy; and so onall these are the objects of study of different branches of science precisely because each branch has its own particular contradiction and particular essence.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： 科学研究的区分，就是根
22、据科学对象所具有的特殊的矛盾性。因此，对于某一现象的领域所特有的某一种矛盾的研究，就构成某一门科学的对象。例如，数学中的正数和负数，机械学中的作用和反作用，物理学中的阴电和阳电，化学中的化分和化合，社会科学中的生产力和生产关系、阶级和阶级的互相斗争，军事学中的攻击和防御，哲学中的唯心论和唯物论、形而上学观和辩证法观等等，都是因为具有特殊的矛盾和特殊的本质，才构成了不同的科学研究的对象。)解析：36.Almost 40 years ago, when Lyndon Johnson declared war on poverty, a family with a car and a Dutch C
23、olonial in the suburbs felt prosperous, and, in the face of the president“s call to action, magnanimous. Poverty seemed far away, in the shanties of the South or the worst pockets of urban blight. Today that same family may well feel impoverished, overwhelmed by credit card debt, a second mortgage a
24、nd the cost of the stuff that has become the backbone of American life. When the middle class feels poor, the poor have little chance for change, or even recognition. Does anyone think twice about the woman who turns down the spread on the hotel bed?（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： 大约四十年前，林登约翰逊向贫穷宣战时，在郊区有车有房的家
25、庭当属富人之列，他们响应总统的呼吁慷慨解囊。那时，贫困似乎只存在于遥远的南部简陋的小木屋和城区不景气的场所。而今，即使那些有车有房的人也会感到自己很穷，因为他们饱受信贷、次贷和物价的困扰，而这些恰是美国社会经济的命脉。如果连中产阶级都感到贫穷的话，那些穷人改变现状的机会就微乎其微了，甚至压根儿就没有认同感。试想，有谁会去注意那个为你换置床罩的酒店女服务员呢?)解析：37.汉译英_解析：38.中国的载人空间工程项目按照“三步走”战略计划进行。第一步将中国宇航员送到太空，进行数天和数人太空飞行并安全返回预订位置。第二步将在进行太空舱外活动等关键技术上做出突破，将太空站送进太空，并进行短期载人空间应
26、用试验。第三步将建立一个太空实验室，用于宇航员进行长期载人空间试验。（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：China“s manned space engineering project follows a “three-step“ strategic plan. The first step is to send Chinese astronauts into space, conduct multi-day and multi-manned space flight with safe return to the preset position. The second step is to make a breakthrough in the key technology of carrying out extravehicular activity and so on, send space station into space, and perform short-term manned space applicable experiments. The third step is to build a permanent space laboratory that allows
