1、工程硕士(GCT)英语-145 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary an(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.The Government has therefore agreed to pay authorities extra sums to _ for their financial losses.（分数：2.00）A.make upB.turn upC.fill inD.lean on2.It is requested that all the students _ present at the meeting tomorrow.（
2、分数：2.00）A.wereB.will beC.areD.be3.Every plant, animal, and human being needs water to _alive.（分数：2.00）A.stayB.makeC.runD.glow4.I would like to express my _to you all for supporting me this summer as a visiting scholar in your department.（分数：2.00）A.satisfactionB.gratitudeC.pleasureD.sincerity5.The fr
3、uit _ more than half the country s armual exports according to a recent report.（分数：2.00）A.accounts forB.stands forC.provides forD.makes for6.The extensive survey suggested that their assumptions _ totally wrong.（分数：2.00）A.wereB.beC.wasD.would be7.Though the doctors tried everything they couldnt save
4、 him from the deep _wound.（分数：2.00）A.shotB.punchC.pinchD.stab8.Effective prevention against physical harms has never been _ urgently needed, especially in schools.（分数：2.00）A.moreB.asC.suchD.quite9.Well all take a vacation in the mountains as soon as I finish working _ my project.（分数：2.00）A.onB.withC
5、.inD.about10.Children dont _ understand what are reciting, but gradually it will have an impact on thinking.（分数：2.00）A.necessarilyB.profitablyC.unnecessarilyD.unprofitably二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoki
6、ng would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didnt know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decad
7、es, some 10 million smokers went to caily graves.There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth
8、s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made, The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the Nation- al Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panels report “Science never has all the answers but sc
9、ience does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that out nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions. Just as on smoking voices now come from many quarters insi
10、sting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that its OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance p
11、olicy now.Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But its obvious that a majority of the presidents advisers still dont take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more researcha classic ease of “paralysis by analysis“.To serve as respons
12、ible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration wont take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West
13、 Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry is a promising start. Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally s
14、ound.（分数：10.00）(1).An argument made by supporters of smoking was that _.（分数：2.00）A.there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death.B.the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant.C.people had the freedom to choose their own way of life.D.an
15、tismoking people were usually talking nonsens(2).According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as _.（分数：2.00）A.a protector.B.a judge,C.a critic.D.a guide,(3).What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis“ (last line, Paragraph 4)?（分数：2.00）A.Endless studies kill action.B.Careful investigation r
16、eveals truth.C.Prudent planning hinders.D.Extensive research helps decision-makin(4).According to the author, what should the Administration do about _.（分数：2.00）A.Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.B.Raise public awareness of conservation.C.Press for further scientific research.D.Take some legi
17、slative measures.(5).The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because _.（分数：2.00）A.they both suffered from the governments negligence.B.a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former.C.the outcome of the latter aggravates the former.D.both of them have turned from
18、 bad to wors四、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：10.00)It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional Small wonder. Americans life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in
19、a 30-minutes surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great health-care system can cure deathand our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of OURS.Death is normal;
20、 we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solveD. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done fo
21、r us, even if its useless. The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physicians-frustrated by their in- ability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patientoo often offer aggressive treatment far be- yond what is scientifically justified.In 1950, the US. spent $12. 7 billion
22、 on health care. In 2002, the cost will be $1540 billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain agesay 83 or
23、so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and in- firm “have a duty todie and get out of the way“ , so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and rema
24、in dazzlingly productive. At 78, Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day OConnor is in her 70s, and former surgeon general C. Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s. These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can m
25、anage the health problems that come naturally with age. As a mere 68-year-old, I wish to age as productively as they have.Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. Ask a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that p
26、eople in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikelycures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve peoples lives.（分数：10.00）(1).What is implied
27、 in the first sentence?（分数：2.00）A.Americans are better prepared for death than other people.B.Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.C.Americans are over-confident of their medical technology.D.Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.(2).The author uses the example
28、of caner patients to show that _.（分数：2.00）A.medical resources are often wasted.B.doctors are helpless against fatal diseases.C.some treatments are too aggressive.D.medical costs are becoming unaffordabl(3).The authors attitude to ward Richard Lamms remark is one of_.（分数：2.00）A.strong disapproval.B.r
29、eserved consent.C.slight contempt.D.enthusiastic support.(4).In contrast to the U. S. , Japan and Sweden are funding their medical care_.（分数：2.00）A.more flexibly.B.more extravagantly.C.more cautiously.D.more reasonably.(5).The text intends to express the idea that_.A medicine will further prolong pe
30、ople% lives.B. life beyond a certain limit is not worth living.C. death should be accepted as a fact of llfe.D. excessive demands increase the cost of health care.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：10.00)in spite of “endless talk of, difference,“ American society is an amazing machine for hom
31、ogenizing people. This is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of consumption“ launched by the 19th century department stores that offered vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite, “thes
32、e were stores, anyone could enter, regardless of class or background D. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act. The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but
33、 is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today% im- migration is neither at unprecedented level nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3. 1 hnmigra
34、nts arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilationlanguage, home ownership and intermarriage.The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke Engl
35、ish “well “or“ very well “after ten years of residence. The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.“ Hence the description of America as a graveyard“ for language“. By 1996 f
36、oreign-born immigrants who had arrive before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75. 6 percent, higher than the 69. 8 per- cent rate among native-born Americans.Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U. S born whites and blacks.“ By the third generation, one thir
37、d of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.Rodriguez not that children in remote villages around world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrant living within the
38、 United States remain somehow immune to the nation% assimilative power. Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething in America? Indee D. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against Americas turbulent past, todays social induces suggest a dark and deterior
39、ating social environment.（分数：10.00）(1).The word “homogenizing“ (Line 1, Paragraph 1) most probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.identifyingB.associatingC.assimilatingD.monopolizing(2).According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century _.（分数：2.00）A.played a role in the spread of popular culture.
40、B.became intimate shops for common consumers.C.satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite.D.owed its emergence to the culture of consumption.(3).The text suggests that immigrants now in the U. S. _.（分数：2.00）A.are resistant to homogenization.B.exert a great influence on American culture.C.are hardl
41、y a threat to the common culture.D.constitute the majority of the population.(4).Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?（分数：2.00）A.To prove their popularity around the world.B.To reveal the publics fear of immigrants.C.To give examples of successful immigrants.D.To s
42、how the powerful influence of American cultur(5).In the authors opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is ._.（分数：2.00）A.rewardingB.successfulC.fruitlessD.harmful六、Passage Four(总题数：1，分数：10.00)If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identi
43、fy shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are
44、talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses convention, of a story which works well because the au-
45、dience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by SL Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pus
46、hed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. “Who is that?“ the new arrival asked St. Peter. “On, thats God,“ came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks hes a doctor.“If you are part of the group which you are addressing,
47、 you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and itll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairmans notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you musmt at- tempt to cut in with humor as they
48、will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual an
49、d apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. ten its the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow oran unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected D. A twist on a familiar quote “If at first you dont succeed, give up“ or a play on words or on a situation. S
