1、考博英语-试卷 267及答案解析(总分：122.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Structure and Vocabu(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.During our first teacher training year, we often visited local schools for the_of lessons.（分数：2.00）A.observationB.investigationC.inspectionD.examination2.English is an important foreign language to master because it provi
2、des ready_to world scholarship and world trade.（分数：2.00）A.excessB.approachC.solutionD.access3.He has failed me so many times that I no longer place any_on what he promises.（分数：2.00）A.faithB.beliefC.creditD.reliance4.My students found the book_; it provided them with an abundance of information on th
3、e subject.（分数：2.00）A.enlighteningB.confusingC.distractingD.amusing5.Nobody yet knows how long and how seriously the shakiness in the financial system will_down the economy.（分数：2.00）A.putB.settleC.dragD.knock6.In this factory the machines are not regulated_but are jointly controlled by a central comp
4、uter system.（分数：2.00）A.independentlyB.individuallyC.irrespectivelyD.irregularly7.Every chemical change either results from energy being used to produce the change, or causes energy to be_in some form.（分数：2.00）A.given offB.put outC.set offD.used up8.Our corporations obligation under this_is limited t
5、o repair or replacement.（分数：2.00）A.warrantyB.licenseC.marketD.necessity9.They are a firm of good repute and have large financial_.（分数：2.00）A.reservesB.savingsC.storagesD.resources10.In the past 10 years, the company has gradually_all of its smaller rivals.（分数：2.00）A.engagedB.occupiedC.monopolizedD.a
6、bsorbed11.By 1929, Mickey Mouse was as popular_children as Coca-Cola.（分数：2.00）A.forB.inC.toD.with12.Because Edgar was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he_his opinion.（分数：2.00）A.struck atB.strove forC.stuck toD.stood for13.Floods cause billions of dollars worth of property damage_.（分数：2.00）A.r
7、elativelyB.actuallyC.annuallyD.comparatively14.It is_of you to turn down the radio while your sister is still ill in bed.（分数：2.00）A.considerableB.considerateC.concernedD.careful15.These goods are_for export, though a few of them may be sold on the home market.（分数：2.00）A.essentiallyB.completelyC.nece
8、ssarilyD.remarkably16.Frequently single-parent children_some of the functions that the absent adult in the house would have served.（分数：2.00）A.take offB.take afterC.take inD.take on17.Over a third of the population was estimated to have no_to the health service.（分数：2.00）A.assessmentB.assignmentC.exce
9、ptionD.access18.Professor Taylors talk has indicated that science has a very strong_on the everyday life of non-scientists as well as scientists.（分数：2.00）A.motivationB.perspectiveC.impressionD.impact19.In 1914, an apparently insignificant event in a remote part of Eastern Europe _Europe into a great
10、 war.（分数：2.00）A.insertedB.imposedC.pitchedD.plunged20.The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things, _is often the case in other countries.（分数：2.00）A.asB.whatC.soD.that二、Cloze(总题数：1，分数：30.00)Ironically, the intellectual tools currently being used by the polit
11、ical right to such harmful effect originated on the academic left. In the 1960s and 1970s a philosophical movement called postmodernism developed among humanities professors【C1】_being deposed by science, which they regarded as right-leaning. Postmodernism【C2】_ideas from cultural anthropology and rel
12、ativity theory to argue that truth is【C3】_and subject to the assumptions and prejudices of the observer. Science is just one of many ways of knowing, they argued, neither more nor less【C4】_than others, like those of Aborigines, Native Americans or women.【C5】_, they defined science as the way of know
13、ing among Western white men and a tool of cultural【C6】_. This argument【C7】_with many feminists and civil-rights activists and became widely adopted, leading to the “political correctness“ justifiably【C8】_by Rush Limbaugh and the “mental masturbation“ lampooned by Woody Allen. Acceptance of this rela
14、tivistic worldview【C9】_democracy and leads not to tolerance but to authoritarianism. John Locke, one of Jeffersons “trinity of three greatest men,“ showed【C10】_almost three centuries ago. Locke watched the arguing factions of Protestantism, each claiming to be the one true religion, and asked: How d
15、o we know something to be true? What is the basis of knowledge? In 1689 he【C11】_what knowledge is and how it is grounded in observations of the physical world in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Any claim that fails this test is “but faith, or opinion, but not knowledge. “ It was this ideath
16、at the world is knowable and that objective, empirical knowledge is the most【C12】_basis for public policy that stood as Jeffersons foundational argument for democracy. By falsely【C13】_knowledge with opinion, postmodernists and antiscience conservatives alike collapse our thinking back to a pre-Enlig
17、htenment era, leaving no common basis for public policy. Public discourse is【C14】_to endless warring opinions, none seen as more valid than another. Policy is determined by the loudest voices, reducing us to a world in which might【C15】_rightthe classic definition of authoritarianism.（分数：30.00）(1).【C
18、1】（分数：2.00）A.satisfied withB.angry withC.displeased atD.proud of(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.discountedB.doubtedC.adoptedD.shared(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.objectiveB.subjectiveC.culturalD.relative(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.variableB.validC.valuableD.various(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.HoweverB.ThereforeC.OtherwiseD.Furthermore(6).【C6
19、】（分数：2.00）A.assimilationB.inhibitionC.representationD.oppression(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.resonatedB.agreedC.appealedD.responded(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.likedB.approvedC.verifiedD.hated(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.offsetsB.producesC.underminesD.strengthens(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.whenB.whatC.whyD.which(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.fou
20、ndB.definedC.dictatedD.claimed(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.practicalB.equalC.usefulD.equitable(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.identifyingB.equippingC.equatingD.confusing(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.deducedB.introducedC.conducedD.reduced(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.decidesB.causesC.makesD.creates三、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00)T
21、o call someone bird-brained in English means you think that person is silly or stupid. But will this description soon disappear from use in the light of recent research? It seems the English may have been unfair in associating birds brains with stupidity. In an attempt to find out how different crea
22、tures see the world, psychologists at Brown University in the USA have been comparing the behaviour of birds and humans. One experiment has involved teaching pigeons to recognize letters of the English alphabet. The birds study in “classrooms“, which are boxes equipped with a computer. After about f
23、our days of studying a particular letter, the pigeon has to pick out that letter from several displayed on the computer screen. Three male pigeons have learnt to distinguish all twenty-six letters of the alphabet in this way. A computer record of the birds four-month study period has shown surprisin
24、g similarities between the pigeons and human performance. Pigeons and people find the same letters easy, or hard, to tell apart. For example, 92 per cent of the time the pigeons could tell the letter D from the letter Z. But when faced with U and V(often confused by English children), the pigeons we
25、re right only 34 per cent of the time. The results of the experiments so far have led psychologists to conclude that pigeons and humans observe things in similar ways. This suggests that there is something fundamental about the recognition process. If scientists could only discover just what this re
26、cognition process is, it could be very useful for computer designers. The disadvantage of a present computer is that it can only do what a human being has programmed it to do and the programmer must give the computer precise, logical instructions. Maybe in the future, though, computers will be able
27、to think like human beings.（分数：10.00）(1).The writer suggests that the expression “bird-brained“ might be out of use soon because it is_.（分数：2.00）A.sillyB.impoliteC.unnecessaryD.inappropriate(2).Psychologists have been experimenting with pigeons to find out whether the birds_.（分数：2.00）A.are really si
28、lly or stupidB.can learn to make ideas known to peopleC.see the world as human beings doD.learn more quickly than children(3).U and V are confused by_.（分数：2.00）A.92 per cent of pigeonsB.many English childrenC.most people learning EnglishD.34 per cent of English children(4).There are similarities in
29、observing things by pigeons and humans_.（分数：2.00）A.because pigeons are taught by humansB.because pigeons have brains more developed than other birdsC.because their basic ways to know the world are the sameD.because pigeons and humans have similar brains(5).The research may help_.（分数：2.00）A.computer
30、designersB.computer salesmenC.psychologistsD.teachersJust how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest. California has as
31、ked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling particularly one that upsets the old assumption that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies
32、. The court would be recklessly modest if it followed Californias advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justices can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants. They should start by discarding Californias lame argument that explori
33、ng the contents of a smart phone a vast storehouse of digital information is similar to, say, rifling through a suspects purse. The court has ruled that police dont violate the Fourth Amendment when they sift through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring ones smart
34、 phone is more like entering his or her home. A smart phone may contain an arrestees reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of “cloud computing,“ meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier. Americans should
35、 take steps to protect their digital privacy. But keeping sensitive information on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life. Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and protected by the Constitutions prohibition on unreasonable searches. As so ofte
36、n is the case, stating that principle doesnt ease the challenge of line-drawing. In many cases, it would not be overly onerous for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents. They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and
37、they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while a warrant is pending. The court, though, may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom. But the justices should not swallow Californias argument whole. New, di
38、sruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitutions protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a virtual necessity of life in the 20th: The justices
39、 had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.（分数：10.00）(1).The Supreme Court will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to_.（分数：2.00）A.prevent suspects from deleting th
40、eir phone contentsB.search for suspects mobile phones without a warrantC.check suspects phone contents without being authorizedD.prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones(2).The authors attitude toward Californias argument is one of_.（分数：2.00）A.disapprovalB.indifferenceC.toleranceD.cautiousne
41、ss(3).The author believes that exploring ones phone contents is comparable to_.（分数：2.00）A.getting into ones residenceB.handling ones historical recordsC.scanning ones correspondencesD.going through ones wallet(4).In Paragraph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that_.（分数：2.00）A.principles are hard
42、 to be clearly expressedB.the court is giving police less room for actionC.citizens privacy is not effectively protectedD.phones are used to store sensitive information(5).Orin Kerrs comparison is quoted to indicate that_.（分数：2.00）A.the Constitution should be implemented flexiblyB.new technology req
43、uires reinterpretation of the ConstitutionC.Californias argument violates principles of the ConstitutionD.principles of the Constitution should never be alteredWorld Trade Organization Director-general Renato Ruggiero predicted that the WTO would boost global incomes by $ 1 trillion in the next ten
44、years. The pact paves the way for more foreign investment and competition in telecom markets. Many governments are making telecom deregulation a priority and making it easier for outsiders to enter the telecommunication business. The pace varies widely. The U. S. and Britain are well ahead of the pa
45、ck, while Thailand wont be fully open until 2006. Only 20% of the $ 601 billion world market is currently open to competition. That should jump to about 75% in a couple of yearslargely due to the Telecom Act in the U. S. last year that deregulated local markets, the opening up of the European Unions
46、 markets from Jan. 1, 1998 and the deregulation in Japan. The WTO deal now provides a forum for the inevitable disputes along the way. It is also symbolic: the first major trade agreement of the post-industrial age. Instead of being obsessed with textile quotas, the WTO pact is proof that government
47、s are realizing that in an information age, telecom is the oil and steel of economies in the future. Businesses around the world are already spending more in total on telecom services than they do on oil. Consumers, meanwhile, can look forward to a future of lower pricesby some estimates, internatio
48、nal calling rates should drop 80% over several yearsand better service. Thanks in part to the vastly increased call volume carded by the fiber-optic cables that span the globe today, calling half a world away already costs little more than telephoning next door. The monopolies can no longer set high
49、 prices for international calls in many countries. In the U. S. , the worlds most fiercely competitive long distance market, frequent callers since last year have been paying about 12 cents a minute to call Britain, a price not much more than domestic rates. The new competitive environment on the horizon means more opportunities for
