1、考研数学一-线性代数行列式、矩阵及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)College sports in the United States are a huge deal. Almost all major American universities have football, baseball, basketball and hockey programs, and (1) millions of dollars each year to sports. Most of them earn milli
2、ons (2) as well, in television revenues, sponsorships. They also benefit (3) from the added publicity they get via their teams. Big-name universities (4) each other in the most popular sports. Football games at Michigan regularly (5) crowds of over 90, 000. Basketballs national collegiate championsh
3、ip game is a TV (6) on a par with any other sporting event in the United States, (7) perhaps the Super Bowl itself. At any given time during fall or winter one can (8) ones TV set and see the top athletic programs-from schools like Michigan, UCLA, Duke and Stanford- (9) in front of packed houses and
4、 national TV audiences.The athletes themselves are (10) and provided with sch61arships. College coaches identify (11) teenagers and then go into high schools to (12) the countrys best players to attend their universities. There are strict rules about (13) coaches can recruit-no recruiting calls afte
5、r 9 p. m. , only one official visit to a campus-but they are often bent and sometimes (14) . Top college football programs (15) scholarships to 20 or 30 players each year, and those student-athletes, when they arrive (16) campus, receive free housing, tuition, meals, books, etc.In return, the player
6、s (17) the program in their sport. Football players at top colleges (18) two hours a day, four days a week from January to April. In summer, its back to strength and agility training four days a week until mid-August, when camp (19) and preparation for the opening of the September-to-December season
7、 begins (20) During the season, practices last two or three hours a day from Tuesday to Friday. Saturday is game day. Mondays are an officially mandated day of rest.（分数：10.00）(1).A attribute B distribute C devote D attach（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A out B by C in D back（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A directly B in
8、directly C apart D indirect（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A compete for B compete in C compete against D compete over（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A draw B amuse C govern D handle（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A spectator B spectacle C spectrum D spectacles（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A save B saving C saved D to save（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(
9、8).A flip on B flap at C fling away D flush out（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A battle B to battle C battling D battled（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A recruited B reconciled C rectified D reserved（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A promising B pleasing C prominent D professional（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A contrive B convince C conve
10、rt D convict（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A which B what C how D whether（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A ignored B neglected C remembered D noticed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A offer B afford C award D reward（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A in B on C at D around（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A commit themselves to B commit themselves onC c
11、ommute themselves to D comply themselves to（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A work in B work out C work over D work off（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A recalls B enlists C convenes D collects（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A in principle B in confidence C in name D in earnest（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、
12、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)People dont want to buy information online. Why? Because they dont have to. No more than that because theyre used to not paying for it. Thats the conventional wisdom. Slate, Microsofts online politics-and-culture magazine, is an oft-cited example of the f
13、ailed attempts to charge a fee for access to content. So far, for most publishers, it hasnt worked. But nothing on the Web is a done deal. In September graphics-soft-ware powerhouse Adobe announced new applications that integrate commerce into downloading books and articles online, with Simon theref
14、ore to be eliminated. Moreover, content, says this line of thought, is controlling. This means that a rose is the Virgin Mary (depending on what the meaning of “ is “ is). And art, like society, must be liberated from such hierarchically imposed values. What this argument overlooked, of course, is t
15、hat narrative is a form in itself, not just a vehicle for content. Indeed, the ideology of formalism originated, in Soviet Russia, with the analysis of old folk tales. Narrative form, the analysis went, typically proceeds from an initial state of equilibrium through a series of destabilizing episode
16、s, concluding with a heightened state of equilibrium at the end. Think Indiana Jones. You can plug whatever content you want in there as long as it creates the form. Each episode simply has to do with the work of creating disequilibrium.A narrative does not, in other words, tell a story. A story is
17、told to give listeners the pleasure of the narrative form. If you were to isolate the form of disequilibrium from the specifics of plot, you might arrive at something resembling the collected work of Cindy Sherman. Initially modeled after movie stills, Shermans pictures are not, of course, abstract.
18、 Over the years, in fact, their content has become increasingly elaborate. I see this as a form of generosity as well as a sign of advanced technical skills. Not since Giuseppe Arcimboldo (1527-1593), perhaps, has an artist contrived to turn the human figure into a more bountiful cornucopia for the
19、eye.Yet even the most visually splendid of Shermans images are minimalist, in that they reduce the narrative down to the precise moment when the center of gravity shifts. Perhaps some unheard word is spoken. A floorboard squeaks. From upstairs comes a thump. And a tentative state of equilibrium give
20、s way to anxiety or dread. That moment, too, represents essence. What more do you need to know?（分数：10.00）(1).According to the author, “ narrative “ is to “ story “ what_.A “ picture “ is to “ movie still “B “ goodness “ is to “ badness “C “ form “ is to “ content “D “ color “is to “ visual art /（分数：
21、2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).People who support the idea of essence most probably agree that_.A narrative is only a vehicle for contentB art develops with its own valuesC Virgin Mary can be metaphorized as a roseD content should be eliminated for its narrative form（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The authors attitude towar
22、ds the idea of essence is_.A puzzledB criticalC ironicD objective（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the passage, Sherman is probably_.A a film editorB a fashion designerC a movie producerD a prominent photographer（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).We can learn from the last paragraph that_.A a successful film shou
23、ld consist of precise momentsB a tentative state of equilibrium is superior to anxiety or dreadC a reduction is necessary to make the narrative efficientD a proper moment is enough to achieve narrative purpose（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)While the ripples of Americas subprime-mortgage cr
24、isis have spread far and wide, Latin Americaa place long associated with financial disasterhas remained improbably calm. Banks have reported no unpleasant surprises. Brazil and Peru have been blessed with coveted investment-grade ratings. Surprisingly, perhaps the fleetest country of all has been Ar
25、gentina. Since it emerged from the financial crisis of 2001-02, it has been one of the worlds fastest-growing economies. It is expected to expand faster than most of its neighbors again this year. Quite simply, it barely has any credit. Back when its economy virtually collapsed, the country suffered
26、 a run on its banks, followed by a freeze on withdrawals, and a massive currency devaluation. As a result, bank lending to the private sector shrivelled, from 23.8% of GDP in 2000 to 10.8% in 2003. Since then, it has rebounded to a piddling 13% ; by contrast, the ratio in Brazil was 36.5% in 2006. A
27、lmost all of these loans in Argentina are accessible only on a short-term basis. Once its recovery began in June 2002, Argentina became a paradise for business. Unemployment of over 20% kept wages down, and the devaluation gave exporters an edge on foreign competitors. The ample productive capacity
28、left idle by the crisis meant firms could expand without making big investments. And the windfall profits reaped by agricultural exporters, thanks to record commodities prices, enabled many of them to finance new projects out of earnings. Hence the economy could grow at almost 9% a year with little
29、need for credit. But such a lucky confluence of factors could not last. Starting in early 2005 ,.inflation picked up, a sign that the installed capacity was starting to limit output. Salaries and prices for raw materials increased sharply, cutting into profits. And farmers were particularly hard hit
30、 when the government nearly doubled the taxes in farm exports. Now, just as companies need to embark on big investments if they are to keep growing, their margins are no longer big enough to pay for the expansion and they need to borrow. So, the time is ripe for the countrys financial system to reco
31、ver. But a number of things are in the way. Foremost is Argentinas business risk. Those in the informal economy (which represents over 40% of GDP) can neither save nor borrow legally, lest they become known to the taxmen. The rest remain cowed by memories of the crisis. Although Argentines have pour
32、ed their savings into property, fuelling a construction boom, they still hold about four-fifths of their deposits abroad. Inflation, fuelled by a public-spending binge, state-mandated wage increases, and a cheap currency, is not helping either. No one knows how high it is. The consumer-price index i
33、s doctored to keep the official rate below 10%, but private estimates suggest it is near 25%. Without a reliable index of inflation, lending is almost impossible, even for the medium term. And the central bank has kept interest rates strongly negative in real terms, encouraging workers to spend thei
34、r wages rather than to save.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be inferred from the first paragraph that_. A Latin America has been greatly influenced by Americas subprime-mortgage crisis B Latin America is suffering a financial disaster C Argentina has suffered a financial crisis at the beginning of this century
35、 D Argentinas economy grows faster than any other countries economy（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Argentinas economy began its recovery in 2002. According to the text, which of the following is not the reason? A Low wages. B Low unemployment. C Low value of currency. D Low commodities prices of exports.（分数：2.
36、00）A.B.C.D.(3). According to the author, Argentinas financial recovery has been blocked because_. A companies never pay the tax B the banks cannot offer enough financial help C they do not have enough foreign investment D companies increased caution for the crisis（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).There is no rel
37、iable index of inflation, because_. A the currency is cheap B there are different ways to get the index C the index have been manipulated by the government D the central bank has kept rates low（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).what is the main idea of the text? A Credit does not play a role in economy. B Banking
38、 sector and capital markets sometimes are not so important in economy. C Argentinas economy is the best one in Latin America. D Argentina is a paradise for business.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The collapse of Enron, the largest bankruptcy in American history, has rung out a banner year
39、for American business failures. In Europe, the fallout from the Swissair and Sabena insolvencies continues. In the current global slump, more companies are likely to go under. Now is a perfect time to reconsider how to handle such failures: let them sink, or give them a chance to swim?In America, ba
40、nkruptcy has come to mean a second chance for bust businesses. The famous “Chapter 11“ law aims to give a company time to get back on its feet, by shielding it from debt payments and prodding banks to negotiate with their debtor. It even allows an insolvent company to receive fresh finance after it
41、goes bust. On the other side of the Atlantic, when companies stumble, almost as much effort is spent in fingering the guilty as in trying to salvage a viable business. British and French laws, for example, can make a failing companys directors face criminal penalties and personal liability. Moreover
42、, bankers have the power, at the first sign of trouble, to push a company into the arms of the receivers. Some modest changes are afoot, however. Britain is considering moves that would bring its rules closer to Americas. New laws in Germany should also make it easier to revive sick companies, altho
43、ugh trade unions still have their say.But even with the arrival of the euro and moves towards a single financial market, going bust in Europe is a strictly local affair. Long before America had a single currency, the American constitution provided uniform bankruptcy laws, observes Elizabeth Warren o
44、f the Harvard Law School. Europes patchwork of national laws, according to Bill Brandt of “ Development Specialists“, a consultancy, inhibits lending and makes it difficult to fix ailing firms.Transatlantic insolvencies are even harder, as a Belgian-based software company, Lernout and Hauspie, disco
45、vered this year. Its American reorganization plan was thwarted by a Belgian judge, who ordered a sale of the firms assets. As the European Union inches toward greater harmonization, should it try to mimic America?Critics of Chapter 11 think not. They argue that Americas bankruptcy system is wasteful
46、, lets failed managers go unpunished, and gives some companies an unfair advantage. In Chapter 11, admittedly, lawyers and advisers gobble up fees, but a recent study argues that the fees are no larger than those for most mergers and acquisitions. One common complaint, that managers enjoy the high l
47、ife while creditors go begging, fails to stand up to the data from Americas previous wave of bankruptcies in the early 1990s. Stuart Gilson of the Harvard Business School found that more than two-thirds of top managers were ousted within two years of a bankruptcy filing. More troubling is that some
48、American firms seem to enjoy second and third trips to bankruptcy court, cheekily termed Chapters 22 and 33. Some see this as evidence that, ton often, they use Chapter 11 to keep running. But there is more to the story.（分数：10.00）(1).The ease of Enron bankruptcy_.A triggers grand-scale economic recession in AmericaB affects the Swissair and Sabena in EuropeC marks the most dramatic economic situation in AmericaD gets more companies into trouble around the world（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).As to how to treat the bust businesses, America differs from the European countri
