1、考研数学一-高等代数一元函数微分学(四)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)If the technological revolution continues to have its effects, there will be fewer and fewer jobs available, particularly to school-leavers and those over the age of fifty. (1) there are only half the number of jobs i
2、n the future, men and women will have to share them. Two people will (2) work only twenty hours each (3) the forty they are currently (4) to. It is a well-known fact that those who suffer from stress at work are often not high-powered executives but (5) workers doing boring, (6) jobs, especially tho
3、se on production lines. Unemployment often has a (7) effect on its victims. If we wish to prevent this type of stress and the depression that frequently follows long periods of it, we will have to find ways of educating people to (8) this sudden increase in leisure time.Many have already (9) pills a
4、nd tablets to (10) sleeplessness and anxiety, two of the symptoms of long-term stress and depression. In America, we (11) $ 650 million a year on different kinds of medicines. We (12) an astonishing three million sleeping tablets every night. (14) these “drugs of the mind“ can be extremely useful in
5、 cases of crisis, the majority of patients would be (14) without them.The boredom and frustration of unemployment are not the only (15) of stress: poor housing, family problems, overcrowding and financial worry are all significant factors. (16) , doctors believe that if people learnt to breathe prop
6、erly, took more exercise, used their leisure time more (17) and expressed their anger instead of (18) it up, they would not depend so much on drugs, (19) treat only the (20) and not the cause of the stress.（分数：10.00）(1).A Though B When C Since D If（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A otherwise B subsequently C th
7、erefore D simultaneously（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A instead of B other than C no more than D as well as（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A amounted B put C accustomed D familiarized（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A efficient B deficient C skillful D unskilled（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A repetitive B challenging C demanding D exhauste
8、d（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A similar B same C diverse D different（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A idle away B cope with C cut into D set aside（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A fell on B switched to C held on D turned to（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A combat B campaign C contest D struggle（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A cost B repay C take D
9、 spend（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A digest B swallow C purchase D manufacture（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A Although B Since C Whereas D If（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A deteriorating B better off C worsening D suffering（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A reasons B outcomes C consequences D causes（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A Furthermor
10、e B Nevertheless C Moreover D Additionally（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A thoroughly B enthusiastically C actively D skillfully（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A making B putting C bringing D bottling（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A what B whichever C that D which（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A symptoms B indications C signatures D ap
11、pearances（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Like every dog, every disease now seems to have its day. World Tuberculosis (infections disease in which growths appear on the lungs) Day is on Saturday March 24th.Tuberculosis was once terrib
12、ly fashionable. Dying of “consumption“ seems to have been a favorite activity of garret-dwelling 19th-century artists, h has, however, been neglected of late. Researchers in the field never tire of pointing out that TB kills a lot of people. According to figures released earlier this week by the Wor
13、ld Health Organization, 1.6 million people died of the disease in 2005, compared with about 3m for AIDS and l m for malaria. But it receives only a fraction of the research budget devoted to AIDS. Americas National Institutes of Health, for example, spends 20 times as much on AIDS as on TB. Neverthe
14、less, everyone seems to getting in on the TB-day act this year.The Global Fund an international organization responsible fur fighting all three diseases but best known for its work on AIDS, has used the occasion to trumpet its tuberculosis projects. The fund claims that its anti-TB activities since
15、it opened for business in 2002 have saved the lives of over 1m people. The World Health Organization has issued a report that contains some good news. Although the number of TB cases is still rising, the rate of illness seems to have stabilized; the caseload, in other words, is growing only because
16、the population itself is going up.Even drug companies are involved. In the nm-up to the day itself, Eli Lilly announced a $ 50m boost to its MDRTB Global Partnership. MDR stands for multi-drug resistance, and it is one of the reasons why TB is back in the limelight. Careless treatment has caused dru
17、g-resistant strains to evolve all over the world. The course of drugs needed to clear the disease completely takes six mouths, anti persuading people lo stay that course once their symptoms have gone is hard. Unfortunately, those infected with MDR have to be treated with less effective, more poisono
18、us and more costly drugs. Naturally, these provoke still more. non-compliance and thus still more evolution.The other reason TB is back is its relationship to AIDS. The (global Funds joint responsibility for the diseases is no coincidence. AIDS does not kill directly. Rather, HIV, the virus that cau
19、ses it, weakens the bodys immune system and exposes the sufferer to secondary infections. Of these, TB is one of the most serious. It kills 200 000 AIDS patients a year. However, some anti-TB drugs interfere with the effect of some anti-HIV drugs. Conversely, in about 20% of cases where a patient ha
20、s both diseases, anti-HIV drugs make the tuberculosis worse. The upshot is that 125 years after human beings worked out what caused TB, it is still a serious threat.（分数：10.00）(1).The first sentence “Like every dog, every disease now seems to have its day.“ means _.A every dog enjoys good luck or suc
21、cess sooner or later.B human beings can deal with problems caused by disease.C Tuberculosis becomes a serious infectious disease.D people attach importance to Tuberculosis recently.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).By referring to AIDS in Paragraph 2, the author intends to show _.A the US government is reluctant
22、 to spend millions of dollars for Tuberculosis.B the death rate of AIDS is higher ,than that of Tuberculosis.C the officials did not pay much attention to the research of Tuberculosis in the past.D compared with AIDS, Tuberculosis can be cured effectively.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following
23、best defines the word “upshot“ (Line 5, Paragraph 5 )?A Outcome. B Uphold. C Achievement. D Project.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Eli Lilly devoted itself to MDR-TB, because _.A TB kills more and more AIDS patients.B TB has something to do with AIDS.C multi-drug resistance makes Tuberculosis fashionable agai
24、n.D Eli Lilly is a member of the MDR-TB Global Partnership.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following proverbs is closest in meaning to the message the text tries to convey?A Forgive and forget. B Forgotten, but not gone.C When the wound is healed, the pain is forgotten. D Every dog is valiant at h
25、is own door.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Twenty-seven years ago, Egypt revised its secular constitution to enshrine Muslim sharia as “the principal source of legislation“. To most citizens, most of the time, that seeming contradiction-between secularism and religion-has not made much dif
26、ference. Nine in ten Egyptians are Sunni Muslims and expect Islam to govern such things as marriage, divorce and inheritance. Nearly all the rest profess Christianity or Judaism, faiths recognised and protected in Islam. But to the small minority who embrace other faiths, or who have tried to leave
27、Islam, it has, until lately, made an increasingly troubling difference. Members of Egypts 2,000-strong Bahai community, for instance, have found they cannot state their religion on the national identity cards that all Egyptians are obliged to produce to secure such things as drivers licenses, bank a
28、ccounts, social insurance and state schooling. Hundreds of Coptic Christians who have converted to Islam, often to escape the Orthodox sects ban on divorce, find they cannot revert to their original faith. In some cases, children raised as Christians have discovered that, because a divorced parent c
29、onverted to Islam, they too have become officially Muslim, and cannot claim otherwise. Such restrictions on religious freedom are not directly a product of sharia, say human- rights campaigners, but rather of rigid interpretations of Islamic law by over-zealous officials. In their strict view, Bahai
30、 belief cannot be recognised as a legitimate faith, since it arose in the 19th century, long after Islam staked its claim to be the final revelation in a chain of prophecies beginning with Adam. Likewise, they brand any attempt to leave Islam, whatever the circumstances, as a form of apostasy, punis
31、hable by death. But such views have lately been challenged. Last year Ali Gomaa, the Grand Mufti, who is the governments highest religious adviser, declared that nowhere in Islams sacred texts did it say that apostasy need be punished in the present rather than by God in the afterlife. In the past m
32、onth, Egyptian courts have issued two rulings that, while restricted in scope, should ease some bothersome strictures. Bahais may now leave the space for religion on their identity cards blank. Twelve former Christians won a lawsuit and may now return to their original faith, on condition that their
33、 identity documents note their previous adherence to Islam. Small steps, perhaps, but they point the way towards freedom of choice and citizenship based on equal rights rather than membership of a privileged religion. （分数：10.00）(1).According to the text, what impact did the revision of Egypts secula
34、r constitution have on its citizens lives? A It did not make much difference to all the citizens. B Most of the Muslims felt that there was no much difference, but Christians, Judaists and people who embraced other religions felt increasing troubles. C Muslims, Christians and Judaists were protected
35、 in Islam, thus feeling no much difference, while other who embraced other faiths felt increasingly troubling difference. D Only Buddhists were specially treated, while others not.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What trouble may people who are neither Muslims nor Christians nor Judaists encounter according to
36、the text? A They cannot preserve their own customs. B They cannot state their religion on the national identity cards. C They will not be able to divorce. D They cannot leave Egypt.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text? A Bahai belief is a legitimate fa
37、ith according to some Islamic officials. B Any attempt to leave Islam will be punishable by death, whatever the situation is. C Bahai belief is a religion that boasts a long history. D Islamic officials tend to employ strict interpretations of Islamic law when it comes to the issue of religious free
38、dom.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What progress has now been made toward religious freedom? A They can revert to their original faith freely, as long as it is clearly stated on their ID cards that they used to be in Islam. B People may be freely reverted to their original faith, on condition that their child
39、ren remain in Islam. C To those who converted to Islam, only their children can be reverted to their original faith. D The government has officially declared that such restriction on religious freedom would be abolished.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What is the main purpose of this text? A To introduce the s
40、tatus quo of religious freedom in Egypt. B To ask for help in alleviating the restricted religious freedom in Egypt. C To force the government into action of some changes. D To promote the idea that freedom of choice and citizenship shall be based on equal rights rather than membership of a privileg
41、ed religion.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)After World War the glorification of an ever-larger GNP formed the basis of a new materialism, which became a sacred obligation for all Japanese governments, businesses and trade unions. Anyone who mentioned the undesirable by-products of rapid ec
42、onomic growth was treated as a heretic. Consequently, everything possible was done to make conditions easy for the manufacturers. Few dared question the wisdom of discharging untreated waste into the nearest water body or untreated smoke into the atmosphere. This silence was maintained by union lead
43、ers as well as by most of the countrys radicals; except for a few isolated voices, no one protested. An insistence on treatment of the various effluents would have necessitated expenditures on treatment equipment that in turn would have given rise to higher operating costs. Obviously, this would hav
44、e meant higher prices for Japanese goods, and ultimately fewer sales and lower industrial growth and GNP.The pursuit of nothing but economic growth is illustrated by the response of the Japanese government to the American educational mission that visited Japan in 1947. After surveying Japans educati
45、onal program, the Americans suggested that the Japanese fill in their curriculum gap by creating departments in chemical and sanitary engineering. Immediately, chemical engineering departments were established in all the countrys universities and technical institutions. In contrast, the recommendati
46、on to form sanitary engineering departments was more or less ignored, because they could bring no profit. By 1960, only two second-rate universities, Kyoto and Hokkaido, were interested enough to open such departments.The reluctance to divert funds from production to conservation is explanation enou
47、gh for a certain degree of pollution, but the situation was made worse by the type of technology the Japanese chose to adopt for their industrial expansion. For the most part, they simply copied American industrial methods. This meant that methods originally designed for use in a country that stretc
48、hed from the Atlantic to the Pacific with lots of air and water to use as sewage receptacles were adopted for an area a fraction of the size. Moreover, the Japanese diet was much more dependent on water as a source of fish and as an input in the irrigation of rice; consequently discharged wastes bui
49、lt up much more rapidly, in the food chain. (373 words)Notes: heretic 异教徒。sanitary 卫生的。for the most part 基本上。receptacle 储存地。（分数：10.00）(1).According to the text, no measures were resorted to in environmental protection after World War in Japan becauseA they were reckoned to be unnecessary.B they would check economic dev
