1、考研英语(一)-546 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The Inuit see polar bears as a valuable source of food, warmth and money in a part of the world where all three are in short supply. 1 to animal-welfare and green groups in warmer places the polar bears are both a (n) 2 in th
2、e fight against climate change and an animal under threat of 3 . The melting of the Arctic“s ice cap means the population will 4 sharply, they say. They want international trade in bear pelts and parts, already 5 restricted, completely banned. These 6 views are set to at a meeting of the 7 on Intern
3、ational Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), an intergovernmental agreement, in Bangkok. Having failed at the 8 meeting of CITES in 2010, the United States is again leading a 9 to ban trade in polar bear products in all but “ 10 “ circumstances. The debate promises to be 11 .
4、 What it lacks are facts. The Americans 12 that only 8 of the 19 known groups of polar bears have been surveyed since 2000. Of the 13 11, four have never been surveyed. Should the United States obtain the two-thirds 14 needed to change the bear“s status, it would be a 15 to the Inuit. Their trade in
5、 walrus tusks and narwhal horns has dried up because of curbs 16 sales of ivory designed largely to protect elephants. The trade in seal pelts and meat was 17 by a 2009 import ban by the European Union, 18 this granted a limited exemption to native peoples. The Inuit argue that if the problem is cli
6、mate change, to ban trade in polar bears is to attack the symptom 19 the cause. But the MEPs (欧盟会员) still voted 20 the American position.（分数：10.00）A.StillB.AsC.YetD.InsteadA.markB.iconC.labelD.tagA.extinguishingB.destructionC.deteriorationD.extinctionA.declineB.dissolveC.diluteD.degradeA.utterlyB.th
7、oroughlyC.severelyD.sufficientlyA.opposingB.challengingC.overwhelmingD.confrontingA.ConferenceB.CustomC.ConventionD.CongressA.presentB.preciseC.preciousD.previousA.strategyB.moveC.tacticD.plotA.exceptionalB.excessiveC.extraD.externalA.romanticB.emotionalC.effectiveD.pleasantA.persevereB.proclaimC.ap
8、preciateD.acknowledgeA.retainingB.remainingC.detainingD.maintainingA.minorityB.magnitudeC.majorityD.majestyA.blowB.boostC.boycottD.blastA.ofB.forC.byD.onA.ensuredB.curtailedC.entitledD.conservedA.thoughB.whenC.providedD.sinceA.other thanB.or ratherC.rather thanD.but ratherA.in place ofB.in honor ofC
9、.in contrast toD.in support of二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)How did it come to this? Over the past two months some of the best-known UK charities, on the front line of environmental and social justice, have become connected to unethical fundraising
10、 practices. It“s not surprising we“re in a spin. How can we be sure charities we support behave ethically? The story broke after the death of an elderly charity giver. Before her death, Olive Cooke had revealed to local media that she had received 260 pieces of charity mail and would no longer answe
11、r her landline due to repeated requests for donations. Since Olive“s death the near-daily bombardment and insufferable levels of “asks“ suffered by many elderly and vulnerable people from and on behalf of charities has been laid bare. Responses have varied, from Friends of the Earth immediately writ
12、ing to supporters to try to gauge what they found appropriate (the irony being that this involves another mailshot) to Save the Children“s promise to abandon cold calling and trading supporter data. But singling out good and bad charities is a red herring. According to the Information Commissioner“s
13、 Office (the body that upholds our data privacy rights) the charity industry has collectively blurred the definition of activities like cold calling. Many charities now use third-party commercial fundraising organisations, including those that trade in our data. So it is the sector as a whole that m
14、ust clean up. To that end the Fundraising Standards Board has produced eight recommendations, including limiting the number of times a charity can ask for money in one phone call, limiting the number of contacts each year with donors and doing more to ensure that fundraisers do not target elderly an
15、d vulnerable people. If you“re feeling besieged by fundraising requests, you can download a firm but fair “don“t contact me“ letter produced by The One Show, where I“ve reported on this story. It gives the charity 28 days to comply before a complaint will be lodged with the Information Commissioner“
16、s Office. In addition charities have committed to stopping their fundraisers from approaching properties displaying “No cold calling“ signs by September 1 st. We need to re-establish a proper relationship between givers and charities, and this is an opportunity to get everything in the open. Like th
17、e man said: “Sunlight is the best of disinfectants, electric light the most efficient policeman.“（分数：10.00）(1).The author uses the example of Olive“s story to expose _.（分数：2.00）A.help-needing people“s possibility to be harassedB.the author“s panic at the scandalC.charities“ way to raise moneyD.donor
18、s“ experiences with charity(2).Friends of the Earth“s response sounds ironic because _.（分数：2.00）A.it“s trading supporters“ data itselfB.it“s improper to do a survey among donorsC.its dislike to vulnerable people is easily seenD.its mailshot is, in a sense, insufferable “asks“(3).The sentence (Line 1
19、, Para 4) is written to draw reader“s attention to the fact that _.（分数：2.00）A.bad charities should be punishedB.the charity industry has to get rid of its wrong practicesC.fundraisers must act according to the Information Commissiones“s OfficeD.the aged are supposed not to be the target donors.(4).A
20、ccording to the author, to repeated donation requests, you can _.（分数：2.00）A.resort to the practice suggestedB.ask the author to report your storyC.lodge a complaint against the charityD.lay it bare to the local media(5).What does the last sentence mean?（分数：2.00）A.The policeman is the most efficient.
21、B.The sunlight is a better medicine than electric light.C.Exposure of evils to the public is the best policy.D.Charities should be put under supervision.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In recent months, RAND researchers have teamed up with a dozen Los Angeles lunch trucks to test healthier menu itemschicken
22、 breasts and grilled fish alongside the usual tacos and hamburgers. The results have been modest but promising. The healthy meals were never best-sellers, but they did well enough that a majority of the truck owners plan to keep them on the menu. That“s important, because the trucks tend to serve wo
23、rking-class Latino communities, where obesity rates are high and healthy food can be scarce, leading researcher Deborah Cohen said. “It“s important that the providers are offering these meals,“ she said. “I think what we showed is that it“s completely feasible.“ Cohen has spent years arguing that re
24、staurants, grocery stores and other food outlets should take more responsibility for the nation“s obesity epidemic, and more action to stop it. More than one-third of U. S. adults are obese, according to federal statistics, adding billions of dollars to the nation“s health care costs each year. A lu
25、nch truck may seem like an unlikely testing ground for healthy menu items, the four-wheel equivalent of a fast-food joint. But most are morn-and-pop operations where cooks make food by hand, using fresh ingredients and often for underserved communities. Cohen called them a “good lab.“ These aren“t t
26、he trendy food trucks that have started to sell fusion tacos and reimagined grilled cheese to hip, young urbanites. These have been part of blue-collar Los Angeles for generations, where they“re known as loncheras, after the Spanglish word lonche, for lunch. Working with a $ 275,000 grant from the N
27、ational Institutes of Health, RAND researchers enlisted nearly 20 loncheras for a six-month trial they named “La Comida Perfecta,“ or “The Perfect Meal“ About a third of the truck owners later dropped out, leaving 12 who worked with a nutritionist, created their own healthy meals, and then put them
28、on the menu. The six-month pilot program didn“t yield big sales numbers at most trucks, but it did yield some valuable insight into the challenges, big and small, of changing food habits, the researchers said. Truck operators had trouble swapping out their corn tortillas for whole wheat, for example
29、, and their Latino customers especially didn“t care for the brown rice that replaced their traditional Mexican rice. Nearly half of the truck customers were regulars, surveys found, and most knew what they wanted without even looking at the menu. In poorer neighborhoods and blue-collar work sites, t
30、hat was usually a couple of $1 tacos, not a $7 plate with fruit and salad.（分数：10.00）(1).Cohen may agree that _.（分数：2.00）A.the lack of healthy food ends up with obesityB.a majority of the truck owners are fatC.the experiment results in a big successD.a lunch truck is barely an ideal place for researc
31、h(2).A lunch truck acts as _.（分数：2.00）A.a good labB.a food outletC.a healthy groceryD.a mobile food stall(3).According to the text, which of the following is true?（分数：2.00）A.Mom-and-pop operations have nothing to do with wife and husband.B.Young urbanites are a part of blue-collar Los Angeles.C.The
32、six-month program has a pilot participant.D.Twelve subjects turned out to be successful.(4).The last paragraph indicates that _.（分数：2.00）A.healthy meals seem much more expensiveB.the six-month experiment is a failure in terms of intelligenceC.Latino customers like challenges to change their food hab
33、itsD.whole wheat does make difference to Latino customers(5).What“s the best title of this text?（分数：2.00）A.The Healthy Eating HabitB.A Health Diet TestC.Blue-collar“s Good NewsD.The Perfect Meal六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Often, when a fashion designer dies and his life“s work is assessed, some insisten
34、t hyperbole is necessary before the death matters to anyone beyond his loyal band of ladies who spend their time dashing between luncheons and charity balls. Most modern women are not going to weep at the passing of a fashion designer whose heyday was some 30 years ago. But this time, it“s Yves Sain
35、t Laurent who has died. And no exaggeration is required to explain the impact he has had on modern fashion. In the 1960s and 70s, when he was at the height of his influence, he brought popular culture, a mannish swagger, sexual power and ethnic awareness to fashion. He gave women a wardrobe that spo
36、ke of confidence and authority. He didn“t give them armor for the boardroom as much as he gave them the sartorial equivalent of chutzpah, tough talk and bawdiness. He gave dames and broads their costumes. And most importantly, he began fashion“s steady march toward democracy. But Saint Laurent was n
37、ot merely a part of fashion history, he was instrumental in writing the vast majority of it. He popularized the bohemian-chic sensibility that later went on to define the hippie aesthetic and its many artsy, grungy, hipster derivations. He welcomed so-called exotic and unorthodox influences into his
38、 work, such as the traditional prints of Africa and the folkloric costumes of Russia. He forged a relationship between fashion and the art world, most dynamically with his Mondrian dress of 1965. “Most people are lucky if they can do one thing, if they can make one major contribution,“ fashion histo
39、rian Valerie Steele said. Saint Laurent“s contributions could fill volumes. There was something profoundly democratic in the work of one of the fashion industry“s most rarefied designers. He found inspiration in cultures that were not part of care society. And he celebrated the beauty of women who c
40、ontinue to struggle to find acceptance within fashion“s narrowly defined aesthetics. Those who worry about the lack of diversity in the fashion industry in 2014 can look back fondly to the 1970s, when Saint Laurent regularly used black models on his runwaynot as gimmicks in a collection that had bee
41、n inspired by Africa but as representations of a kind of beauty he considered as valid and as enticing as any other. Saint Laurent retired from ready-to-wear in 1998 and a few years later closed his couture house. A long line of designers have tried to reinvent his style and revive the Saint Laurent
42、 label for the 21st century. But none of them has been able to make it profitable. Sell enough handbags and the money will come. But it“s a rare feat when a designer can leave a legacy that not only changed fashion but transformed the way in which we see ourselves. It may not be enough to make a wom
43、an weep, but it certainly is enough to make her smile.（分数：10.00）(1).The word “hyperbole“ (Line 1, Para. 1) most probably denotes _.（分数：2.00）A.immediate reportB.faithful evaluationC.inflated praiseD.striking news(2).The costume Saint Laurent designed for women was characterized by _.（分数：2.00）A.a capa
44、ble and masculine styleB.a bohemian-chic sensibilityC.a hippie aesthetic impressionD.a traditional beauty of African and Russian style(3).In line 2, paragraph 5, the black models are mentioned to _.（分数：2.00）A.exemplify Saint Laurent enrichment of the fashion industryB.show that the beauty represente
45、d by black models is very charming, tooC.inspire the 2014 fashion industry about the diversity of fashionD.explain a profound feature of the clothes designed by Saint Laurent(4).Which of the following statements is true according to the text?（分数：2.00）A.Saint Laurent“s Mondrian dress of 1965 showed a
46、 sense of traditional ethnic beauty.B.Saint Laurent found inspiration in cultures that are not parts of the upper class.C.Saint Laurent wrote the vast majority of the history of the fashion industry.D.Saint Laurent“s design showed an apparent hierarchy of consumers.(5).The contribution of Saint Laur
47、ent can be summarized as _.（分数：2.00）A.his contribution to the diversity of the fashion industryB.his achivement of popularity with the fashion worldC.fashion“s steady march toward democracyD.his consumption of fashion by culture in designing七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)These days, the computerised world
48、presents spies across the globe with both a challenge and an opportunity. Unlike the paper kind, electronic data is weightless, and computers are riddled with security holes. That makes stealing secrets easier than ever. At the same time, computers are able to place the sort of cryptography with whi
49、ch Bletchley Park struggled in the Second World War into the hands of everyoneincluding criminals, foreign spies and terrorists. Balancing the risks and rewards can sometimes be difficult. Mr. Corera describes how Markus Wolf, the head of East Germany“s notorious Stasi, resisted the temptation to computerise his organisation“s miles of paper files. After all, pointed out Mr. Wolf, the very convenience of computerised data made a big leak more likely. That point was spectacularly illustrated in 2013, when Edward Snowden walked out of
