1、考研英语(二)-24 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Facebook has been 1 with fire and has got its fingers burned, again. On November 29th America“s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced that it had reached a 2 settlement with the giant social network over 3 that it had misle
2、d people about its use of their personal data. The details of the settlement make clear that Facebook, which 4 over 800m users, betrayed its users“ trust. It is also notable because it appears to be part of a broader 5 by the FTC to craft a new privacy framework to deal with the rapid 6 of social ne
3、tworks in America. The regulator“s findings come at a 7 moment for Facebook, which is said to be preparing for an initial public offering next year that could value it at around $100 billion. To 8 the way for its listing, the firm first needs to resolve its privacy 9 with regulators in America and E
4、urope, 10 its willingness to negotiate the settlement 11 this week. Announcing the agreement, the FTC said it had found a number of cases where Facebook had made claims that were “unfair and deceptive, and 12 federal law“. For instance, it 13 personally identifiable information to advertisers, and i
5、t failed to keep a promise to make photos and videos on deleted accounts 14 . The settlement does not 15 an admission by Facebook that it has broken the law, but it deeply 16 the company nonetheless. In a blog post published the same day, Mark Zuckerberg, Facebook“s boss, tried to 17 the impact of t
6、he deal. First he claimed that “a small number of high-profile mistakes“ were 18 the social network“s “good history“ on privacy. The FTC is not relying on Facebook to police itself. Among other things, the company will now have to seek consumers“ approval before it changes the way it shares their da
7、ta. And it has agreed to an independent privacy audit every two years for the next 20 years. There is a clear pattern here. In separate cases over the past couple of years the FTC has insisted that Twitter and Google accept regular 19 audits, too, after each firm was accused of violating its custome
8、rs“ privacy. The intent seems to be to create a regulatory regime that is tighter than the status quo, 20 one that still gives social networks plenty of room to innovate.（分数：10.00）A.settingB.playingC.lightingD.turningA.craftB.documentaryC.tradeD.draftA.verdictsB.allegationsC.rumorsD.affirmationA.boa
9、stsB.exaggeratesC.estimatesD.assessesA.impulseB.initiativeC.innovationD.motionA.increaseB.elevationC.riseD.appearanceA.indispensableB.essentialC.criticalD.fundamentalA.steerB.clearC.layD.removeA.controversyB.competitionC.disputeD.compromiseA.despiteB.givenC.althoughD.henceA.unveiledB.discoveredC.exp
10、osedD.revealedA.violatedB.assaultedC.resistedD.betrayedA.informedB.entrustC.impartedD.confidedA.availableB.retrievableC.reversibleD.inaccessibleA.constituteB.correspondC.confirmD.conceiveA.involvesB.strikesC.embarrassesD.attacksA.turn downB.cut downC.play downD.bring downA.overshadowingB.overlooking
11、C.overtakingD.overthrowingA.expertB.externalC.formalD.automaticA.andB.butC.thusD.despite二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Death is a difficult subject for anyone, but Americans want to talk about it less than most. They have a cultural expectation that
12、 whatever may be wrong with them, it can be fixed with the right treatment, and if the first doctor does not offer it they may seek a second, third or fourth opinion. Legal action is a constant threat, so even if a patient is very ill and likely to die, doctors and hospitals will still persist with
13、aggressive treatment, paid for by the insurer or, for the elderly, by Medicare. That is one reason why America spends 18% of its GDP on health care, the highest proportion in the world. That does not mean that Americans are getting the world“s best health care. For the past 20 years doctors at the D
14、artmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice have been compiling the “Dartmouth Atlas of Health Care“, using Medicare data to compare health-spending patterns in different regions and institutions. They find that average costs per patient during the last two years of life in some regio
15、ns can be almost twice as high as in others, yet patients in the high-spending areas do not survive any longer or enjoy better health as a result. Ira Byock is the director of palliative medicine at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Centre. His book is a plea for those near the end of their life to be tre
16、ated more like individuals and less like medical cases on which all available technology must be let loose. With two decades“ experience in the field, he makes a good case for sometimes leaving well alone and helping people to die gently if that is what they want. That does not include assisted suic
17、ide, which he opposes. But it does include providing enough pain relief to make patients comfortable, co-coordinating their treatment among the different specialists, keeping them informed, having enough staff on hand to see to their needs, making arrangements for them to be cared for at home where
18、possibleand not officiously keeping them alive when there is no hope. But it is not easy to decide when to stop making every effort to save someone“s life and allow them to die gently. The book quotes the case of one HIV-positive young man who was acutely ill with multiple infections. He spent over
19、four months in hospital, much of the time on a ventilator, and had countless tests, scans and other interventions. The total bill came to over $1m. He came close to death many times, but eventually pulled through and has now returned to a normal life. It is an uplifting story, but such an outcome is
20、 very rare. Dr Byock“s writing style is not everybody“s cup of tea, but he is surely right to suggest better management of a problem that can only get worse. As life expectancy keeps on rising, so will the proportion of old people in the population. And with 75m American baby-boomers now on the thre
21、shold of retirement, there is a limit to what the country can afford to spend to keep them going on and on.（分数：10.00）(1).According to Paragraph 1, the disproportional large spending in health care stems from _.（分数：2.00）A.Americans“ failure to admit death as part of their lifeB.doctors“ inclination t
22、o overtreat the patientC.a culture that is obsessed with youth and healthD.a legal system which has a bias in favor of patients(2).The author cited the findings of Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice to illustrate that _.（分数：2.00）A.the medical care quality differs widely from
23、 region to regionB.there is little that hospitals can do in saving people“s livesC.a lot of medical resources are wastedD.the American medical system is notorious for its low cost-effectiveness(3).The central idea of Ira Byock“s book is to appeal to the hospital to _.（分数：2.00）A.save every life with
24、every possible meansB.help people to die if that is his/her willC.make people feel comfortable in their remaining hoursD.consider whether the cure is worthwhile before conducting it(4).In the author“s opinion, the example of the HIV-positive young man in Paragraph 5 _.（分数：2.00）A.eliminates the possi
25、bility of applying gentle dying process in medicareB.is merely an extreme case that should not be taken as a standardC.emphasizes the importance of aggressive treatment even with slim hopeD.is used as an irony of the current state of American medical system(5).According to the author, the American g
26、overnment will _ the proposal of gentle dying.（分数：2.00）A.disapprove ofB.divide atC.hesitate atD.side with五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In his new book, Going Solo, New York University sociologist Eric Klinenberg argues that we“re poised to become a nation dominated by single people. Just 51 percent of Ame
27、rican adults are married, according to recent census data, and more than a quarter of all U. S. households consist of only one person. Yet singles often don“t get a lot of loveand we“re not talking about their romantic lives. Activists say that unmarried people are systematically discriminated again
28、st. “Singleismstereotyping, stigmatizing, and discrimination against people who are singleis largely unrecognized and unchallenged,“ says activist Bella DePaulo, the author of Singled Out. DePaulo says: “People don“t notice singleism, and if their attention is called to it, they think there“s nothin
29、g wrong.“ That“s why, for instance, car and health insurance companies get away with charging less for couples and families. “They can attract more business that way,“ DePaulo notes. In the process, they leave single people to essentially subsidize the benefit by paying more. “When married workers c
30、an add spouses to a health-care plan at a discount and single workers can“t add someone important to them, that“s discrimination,“ says DePaulo. The U. S. government not only turns a blind eye to the problem of “singleism,“ but helps enforce it, activists say. Just look at Social Security. “A childl
31、ess singleton can work side by side with a childless married person, doing the same job, for the same number of years, at the same level of accomplishmentand when the married person dies, that worker can leave his or her Social Security benefits to a spouse,“ says DePaulo. “The single person“s benef
32、its go back into the system.“ That“s especially true given how much they contribute to societymore, activists argue, than married couples with families. “On average, singles have more disposable income,“ Klinenberg says. “They“re fueling urban economies that would be in much worse shape without them
33、. And compared to married people, they“re more likely to spend time with neighbors, to participate in public events, and to volunteer.“ Singles may also be contributing more at the office, without being compensated for it, activists say. “Studies have shown that singles are often paid less than marr
34、ied people, even if they share the same title, responsibilities, and years of experience,“ says Langburt. “And if you agree that time equals dollars, then it doesn“t stop there: there“s maternity leave, all the time off leading up to the pregnancy for doctors“ visits, and sick days.“ Historically, g
35、overnments have passed laws encouraging marriage and families in the hopes that doing so would decrease the likelihood that the state would need to care for abandoned children. But policies that benefit the married shouldn“t be substitutes for more universal social programs, says marriage historian
36、Stephanie Coontz, the director of research and public education for the Council on Contemporary Families. “The penalties for being single in this country are worse than in Europe, where individuals have guaranteed access to health care, and they have options beyond a spouse“s death benefits for stay
37、ing above the poverty line as they age.“（分数：10.00）(1).Singleism refers to _.（分数：2.00）A.a kind of well-recognized stereotype about single peopleB.a subtle form of economic inequality faced by single peopleC.a stubborn opposition held by single people to married lifeD.a type of overlooked discriminati
38、on against single people(2).What can we infer from Paragraph 3 and 4?（分数：2.00）A.There are serious defects in the mechanism of American social security.B.The government and enterprises provide benefits for married people to boost marriage rate.C.Marital status is often one consideration of insurance
39、companies when they are determining the insurance premium.D.Enterprises always put the interest of most people at stake in order to satisfy its own“ interest.(3).The main idea that the author wants to demonstrate in Paragraph 5 is that _.（分数：2.00）A.the discrimination against single people is unaccep
40、tableB.single people deserve more privileges than married peopleC.single people are the backbone of urban economyD.The married people are too absorbed in their own family to be conscious of public welfare(4).According to DePaulo, in the eyes of average people, the fact that single people have to pay
41、 more than couples to buy an insurance is _.（分数：2.00）A.shockingB.revealingC.no surprisingD.uncommon(5).It can be known from the last paragraph that the European countries _.（分数：2.00）A.have abandoned the preferential policies for the manned peopleB.have seen to that the single people can pass their s
42、ocial security to people important to them after they dieC.have done a good job in enhancing the universal welfare for the whole societyD.have prohibited all forms of implicit or explicit prejudice against the single by strict order六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Steve Jobs didn“t think that technology alon
43、e could fix what ails American education. It“s worth remembering that in the wake of last week“s coverage of Apple“s new iBooks platform, which the company promises will radically change how students use and experience textbooks. Under Apple“s plan, companies and individuals will be able to self-pub
44、lish textbooks, ideally creating a wider array of content. Students will be able to download and use these books on their iPad much like they would use a regular textbook. Let“s slow down. Textbooks or tools that look a lot like textbooks aren“t going anywhere anytime soon. And since high quality ed
45、ucational material isn“t cheap to generate, simply tearing down distribution barriers will only go so far in reducing the costs of producing good content. Lost in the heated claims, however, is a more fundamental question: what have educational technology efforts accomplished to date and what should
46、 we expect? As a field, education is easily seduced by technological promises. Textbooks? Thomas Edison saw movies as way to replace them. These days, conservatives are in love with the idea that technology will not only shrink the number of in-classroom teachers but render the teachers“ unions obso
47、lete. The experience to date is less grandiose and more worrisome considering the billions that have been spent on technology in schools in the past few decades. Interactive whiteboards have been around since the early 1990s and done little to transform how teachers teach, and computers are often un
48、aligned with classroom instruction, even though 90% of classrooms around the country have them. The reasons for the slow pace of change are as obvious as they are stubborn. Altering classroom and school practice in our wildly decentralized education system is always a slow process. Many teachers are
49、 not familiar with technology or how to use it in the classroom, and high-quality training programseither in schools of education or as part of a teachers“ professional developmentare rare. Besides, even a top-shelf product can only augment live teaching. Likewise, technology is bringing back in vogue the idea of the “flipped classroom“ with the teacher acting as a “guide on the side“ rather than the primary source of instruction. I say back in vogue because, ironically, talk of devaluing the teacher as content provider has been a fixtur
