1、考研英语(二)-537 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Some desert animals can survive the very strong summer heat and dryness because they have very unusual characteristics. The camel, for example, can 1 an increase in the temperature of its body and its blood of 9. In addition,
2、 it can drink an enormous 2 of water at one time, then store 3 water in its red blood cells and other parts of its body to 4 its needs for two weeks or more. The kangaroo rat, on the other hand, 5 all the water it needs from water that it produces during 6 However, most animals need to 7 a fairly co
3、nstant body temperature, and will die if it 8 more than 5. 9 , they need to find some ways to 10 the strong sun rays. Nor can many animals either store or 11 water in their bodies, as the camel and kangaroo rat 12 . So they must find ways to 13 water loss from their bodies to the lowest degree. Beca
4、use very few desert animals can 14 the strong rays, the temperature, and the evaporation rate 15 a typical summer“s day, most of them are 16 during the night. Only after the sun has set does the desert come fully to life. The night is relatively cool, and the darkness provides 17 , not only from the
5、 sun, but also from other animals and from the birds. So the coming of darkness is the signal 18 the large majority of animals and insects 19 their search for water and food. When morning comes, most of them seek 20 again. Many go underground; nearly all find somewhere shady where they can avoid the
6、 sun rays.（分数：10.00）A.carryB.bearC.effectD.delayA.levelB.numberC.amountD.sumA.abundantB.plentifulC.affluentD.sufficientA.supplyB.offerC.provideD.meetA.consumesB.obtainsC.bringsD.replacesA.reservationB.aspirationC.desperationD.respirationA.raiseB.rejectC.maintainD.regulateA.risesB.arisesC.decreasesD.
7、is risenA.HoweverB.AgainC.InsteadD.ThereforeA.avoidB.enjoyC.expose toD.escapeA.concealB.collectC.produceD.utilizeA.functionB.canC.performD.appearA.quickenB.keepC.lightenD.reduceA.surviveB.standC.endureD.experienceA.inB.toC.ofD.throughA.activeB.dynamicC.livelyD.busyA.preventionB.protectionC.persuasio
8、nD.permissionA.amongB.withC.fromD.forA.initiateB.hastenC.continueD.persistA.foodB.shelterC.waterD.work二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The United States has benefited immensely from its role as a magnet for the best and brightest workers from around t
9、he world, especially in innovative fields like high technology. Bill Gates, the chairman of Microsoft, sounded precisely that theme in senate testimony last month when asked about the visa program for skilled workers, the H-1B. Mr. Gates said that these workers are “uniquely talented“ and highly pai
10、dtaking jobs that pay over $100,000 a yearand that America should “welcome as many of those people as we can get.“ But that is not how the H-1B visa program as a whole is working these days, according to an analysis by Ronil Hira, an assistant professor of public policy at the Rochester Institute of
11、 Technology. The median salary for new H-1B holders in the information technology industry is actually about $50,000, based on the most recent data filed by companies with the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services agency. That wage level, Mr. Hira says, is the same as starting salaries
12、for graduating computer science majors with bachelor“s degrees. Yet salaries, according to Mr. Hira, are only part of the story. He says that while Microsoft may be paying its H-1B visa holders well and recruiting people with hard-to-find talents, other companies have a different agenda. The H-1B vi
13、sa program, Mr. Hira asserts, has become a vehicle for accelerating the pace of offshore outsourcing of computing work, sending more jobs abroad. Holders of H-1B visas, he says, do the on-site work of understanding a client“s needs and specificationsand then most of the software coding is done back
14、in India. “Information technology offshore outsourcing has just swamped the H-1B program in recent years, he said.“ The list of the top 10 companies requesting H-1B visas in fiscal 2006, the most recent government data available, was dominated by Indian-based technology outsourcing companies like In
15、fosys Technologies, Wipro Technologies and Tata Consultancy Services, and a few other companies that offer outsourced services and have sizable operations in India like Cognizant Technology Solutions, Accenture and Deloitte both are, to some extent, economic decisions. The continuing and indeed grow
16、ing relevance of local economic connections suggests that cultural imperialism will not prove to be the dominant trend. Local culture commands loyalty when people are involved in networks of status and caste, and they pursue religious and communal markers of identity. Those individuals use local cul
17、tural products to signal their place in hierarchies. Today, economic growth is booming in countries where American popular culture does not dominate, namely India and China. Population growth is strong in many Islamic countries, which typically prefer local music and get their news from sources like
18、 the satellite broadcaster A1 Jazeera. The combination of these trends means that American entertainment, for largely economic reasons, will lose relative standing in the global marketplace. In fact, Western culture often creates its own rivals by bringing creative technologies like the recording st
19、udio or the printing press to foreign lands. American popular culture tends to be popular when people interact with others from around the world and seek markers of global identity. My stepdaughter spent last summer studying French in Nice, with students from many other countries. They ate and hung
20、out at McDonald“s, a name and symbol they all share, even though it was not everyone“s favorite meal. Globalization is most likely to damage local culture in regions like Scandinavia that are lightly populated, not very hierarchical and looking for new global cultural symbols. But the rest of the wo
21、rld“s population is in countries-China and India, of course, but also Brazil, Mexico, Egypt and Indonesia that do not fit that description. “American“ cultural products rely increasing on non-American talent and international symbols and settings. “Babel“, which won this year“s Golden Globe for best
22、 drama, has a Mexican director, and is set in Morocco, Japan and Mexico, mostly with non-English dialogue. Culture is not a zero-sum game, so the greater reach of one culture does not necessarily mean diminished stature for others. In the broad sweep of history, many different traditions have grown
23、together and flourished. American popular culture will continue to make money, but the 21st century will bring a broad melange of influences, with no clear world cultural leader.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the essay, America“s popular culture _.（分数：2.00）A.is resistible for some countriesB.still domin
24、antsC.trends to be the first choice when people interactD.will flourish together with other cultures and will be world cultural leader one day(2).Which of the following is NOT correct in the essay?（分数：2.00）A.American culture, like American movies and music, is very popular around the world.B.Cultura
25、l imperialism will not prove to be the monopolistic trend.C.When people communicate with others from around the world, American culture trends to be welcomed.D.In the 21st century, different traditions will grow together and flourish.(3).In paragraph 6, the sample of “McDonald“s“ indicates that _.（分
26、数：2.00）A.McDonald is popular with the worldB.people refer to McDonald when they don“t know what to eatC.McDonald is a name and symbol people all shareD.American popular culture tends to be popular in certain conditions(4).In paragraph 5, “these trends“ means _.（分数：2.00）A.American entertainment losin
27、g relative standing in the global marketplaceB.people in many Islamic countries prefer local musicC.economic growth is booming in countries where American popular culture does not dominateD.the cultural imperialism will not prove to be the dominant trend(5).What is the author“s attitude toward the f
28、uture of the world culture?（分数：2.00）A.He is negative.B.He is positive.C.He is doubt.D.His attitude is not clear.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Las Vegas uses flashing lights and ringing bells to create an illusion of reward and to encourage risk taking. Insurance company offices present a more somber mood
29、to remind us of our mortality. Every marketer knows that context and presentation influence our decisions. For the first time, economists are studying these phenomena scientifically. The economists are using a new technology that allows them to trace the activity of neurons inside the brain and ther
30、eby study how emotions influence our choices, including economic choices like gambles and investments. For instance, when humans are in a “positive arousal state“, they think about prospective benefits and enjoy the feeling of risk. All of us are familiar with the giddy excitement that accompanies a
31、 triumph. Camelia Kuhnen and Brian Knutson, two researchers at Stanford University, have found that people are more likely to take a foolish risk when their brains show this kind of activation. But when people think about costs, they use different brain modules and become more anxious. They play it
32、too safe, at least in the laboratory. Furthermore, people are especially afraid of ambiguous risks with unknown odds. This may help explain why so many investors are reluctant to seek out foreign stock markets, even when they could diversify their portfolios at low cost. If one truth shines through,
33、 it is that people are not consistent or fully rational decision makers. Peter L. Bossaerts, an economics professor at the California Institute of Technology, has found that brains assess risk and return separately, rather than making a single calculation of what economists call expected utility. Re
34、searchers can see on the screen how people compartmentalize their choices into different parts of their brains. This may not always sound like economics but neuro-economists start with the insightborrowed from the economist Friedrich Hayekthat resources are scarce within the brain and must be alloca
35、ted to competing uses. Whether in economies or brains, well-functioning systems should not be expected to exhibit centralized command and control. Neuro-economics is just getting started. The first major empirical paper was published in 2001 by Kevin McCabe, Daniel Houser, Lee Ryan, Vernon Smith and
36、 Theodore Trouard, all economics professors. (Professors McCabe, Houser and Smith are colleagues of mine at George Mason University.) A neuro-economics laboratory at Caltech, led by Colin F. Camerer, a math prodigy and now an economics professor, has assembled the foremost group of interdisciplinary
37、 researchers. Many of the early entrants, who have learned neurology as well as economics, continue to dominate the field. Investors are becoming interested in the money-making potential of these ideas. Imagine training traders to set their emotions aside or testing their objectivity in advance with
38、 brain scans. Futuristic devices might monitor their emotions on the trading floor or in a bargaining session and instruct them how to compensate for possible mistakes.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the article, many investors are not willing to invest in foreign stock markers, because _.（分数：2.00）A.they
39、 are not interested in stock marketB.they have no experience in stock market investmentC.they reckon it will need large amount of money to make profitsD.they feel anxious of the hidden troubles in unfamiliar affairs(2).According to the article, which one of the following has unusual talent in mathem
40、atics?（分数：2.00）A.Friedrich Hayek.B.Peter L. Bossaerts.C.Colin F. Camerer.D.Vernon Smitb.(3).What can be inferred from the article?（分数：2.00）A.People may take a foolish risk when they are in a “positive arousal state“.B.With futuristic devices, investors may be willing to invest in unknown odds.C.Neur
41、o-economists don“t agree with the view of expected utility.D.People can not exhibit centralized command.(4).Which one of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：2.00）A.Brain appraise risk and return separately.B.One“s brain always contains limited resources.C.It is the potentiality in money-making
42、that arouse investors“ interests in neuro-economics.D.Insurance company offices remind us of our mortality in a sprightly way.(5).Neuro-Economics doesn“t study _.（分数：2.00）A.how emotions influence our choiceB.people“s response when thinking about costC.expected utilityD.how does brain works七、Text 4(总
43、题数：1，分数：10.00)Oil prices, an economic scourge in decades past, have soared to record levels in recent years. But the fallout often seemed negligible: Americans kept spending; employment kept growing; factories, construction crews and retail stores stayed busy. Now, however, the economy may be starti
44、ng to sputter as damage from the weak housing market drags down growth. If payrolls drop significantly, will high-price crude oil begin to cause pain in a way that it hasn“t in nearly three decades? Many economists do not think so, maintaining that if the United States entered a recession, the price
45、 of oil would quickly drop. “The United States is the single largest oil-consuming nation in the world,“ said Stephen P. A. Brown, director of energy economics at the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas. “A slowdown here ought to bring the price of oil down.“ That view is by no means unanimous. The globa
46、l economy has been growing rapidly, and oil consumption overseas keeps rising. A few economists say it is possible that even if the American economy weakens, demand abroad will be strong enough to keep oil prices high. “Our relative importance in the global markets is diminishing,“ said Larry Goldst
47、ein, president of the Petroleum Industry Research Foundation in New York. “An American economic slowdown“, he said, “won“t have a visible impact on high oil demand and it won“t have a visible impact on high oil prices.“ If that view proves to be right, the United States could conceivably find itself
48、 in a situation reminiscent of the 1970s, with weak economic growth and high-price oil taking a double bite out of consumers“ pocketbooks. The situation is murky in part because there is little historical precedent for understanding today“s oil market. Less than a decade ago, oil fell below $11 a ba
49、rrel. Oil at $50 was a distant prospect, and the prevailing wisdom was that a run-up of that extent would do serious economic damage. But as the global economy boomed, oil blew past $50 late in 2004, then past $60 in mid- 2005. Many Americans complained about the rising price of gasoline, but the economy shrugged off pump prices that would exceed $3 a gallon, and kept growing. On Sept. 20, crude oil for next-month delivery settled at a record price of $83.32 a barrel and has stayed above $80 most days since, ending yesterday at $81.44, up $1.50 from Wednes
