1、考研英语(二)2010 年真题及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in MEXICO was declared a global epidemic on June, 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic 1 by the World Health Organization in 41 years. The heightened alert 2 an eme
2、rgency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising 3 in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere. But the epidemic is “ 4 “ in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization“s director general, 5 the overwhelming majority of patients expe
3、riencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the 6 of any medical treatment. The outbreak came to global 7 in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noted an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths 8 healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a pa
4、nic, cases began to 9 in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world. In the United States, new cases seemed to fade 10 warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was 11 flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the 12 tested a
5、re the new swine flu, also known as (A) HIN1, not seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has 13 more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6, 000 hospitalizations. Federal health officials 14 Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began 15 orders from the states
6、 for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is 16 ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those 17 doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not 18 for pregnan
7、t women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other 19 . But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk groups, health care workers, people 20 infants and healthy young people.（分数：10.00）A.criticizedB.appointedC.commentedD.designatedA.proceed
8、edB.activatedC.followedD.promptedA.digitsB.numbersC.amountsD.sumsA.moderateB.normalC.unusualD.extremeA.withB.inC.fromD.byA.progressB.absenceC.presenceD.favorA.realityB.phenomenonC.conceptD.noticeA.overB.forC.amongD.toA.stay upB.crop upC.fill upD.cover upA.asB.ifC.unlessD.untilA.excessiveB.enormousC.
9、significantD.magnificentA.categoriesB.examplesC.patternsD.samplesA.impartedB.immersedC.injectedD.infectedA.releasedB.relayedC.relievedD.remainedA.placingB.deliveringC.takingD.givingA.feasibleB.availableC.reliableD.applicableA.prevalentB.principalC.innovativeD.initialA.presentedB.restrictedC.recommen
10、dedD.introducedA.problemsB.issuesC.agoniesD.sufferingsA.involved inB.caring forC.concerned withD.warding off二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Da
11、mien Hirst, “Beautiful Inside My Head Forever“, at Sotheby“s in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than 70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman
12、 Brothers, filed for bankruptcy. The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firmdouble the figure five years earlier. Since t
13、hen it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries. In the weeks and months that followed Mr. Hirst“s sale, spending of any sor
14、t became deeply unfashionable. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector, they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world“s two biggest auction hou
15、ses, Sotheby“s and Christie“s, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them. The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% dow
16、n on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edward Dolman, Christie“s chief executive, says: “I“m pretty confident we“re at the bottom.“ What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market. Almost everyone who was intervi
17、ewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good works to sell. The three Dsdeath, debt and divorcestill deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.（分数：1
18、0.00）(1).In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst“s sale was referred to as “a last victory“ because _（分数：2.00）A.the art market had witnessed a succession of victoriesB.the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bidsC.“Beautiful Inside My Head Forever“ won over all masterpiecesD.it was suc
19、cessfully made just before the world financial crisis(2).By saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable“ (Lines 12, Para. 3), the author suggests that _（分数：2.00）A.collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctionsB.people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away fr
20、om galleriesC.art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extentD.works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying(3).Which of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：2.00）A.Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007 to 2008B.The art market sur
21、passed many other industries in momentumC.The art market generally went downward in various waysD.Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come(4).The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are _（分数：2.00）A.auction houses“ favoritesB.contemporary trendsC.factors promoting artwork circulatio
22、nD.styles representing impressionists(5).The most appropriate title for this text could be _（分数：2.00）A.Fluctuation of Art PricesB.Up to-date Art AuctionsC.Art Market in DeclineD.Shifted Interest in Arts五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living rooma wom
23、en“s group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative frequently offering ideas and anecdotes while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don“t
24、 talk to them. This man quickly nodded in agreement. He gestured toward his wife and said, “She“s the talker in our family.“ The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt. “It“s true,“ he explained. “When I come home from work I have nothing to say. If she didn“t keep the conversatio
25、n going, we“d spend the whole evening in silence.“ This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage. The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew
26、Hacker in the late 1970s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book Divorce Talk that most of the women she interviewedbut only a few of the mengave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent, that amounts to millio
27、ns of cases in the United States every yeara virtual epidemic of failed conversation. In my own research, complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his, or doing far more than the
28、ir share of daily life-support work like cleaning, cooking and social arrangements. Instead, they focused on communication: “He doesn“t listen to me.“ “He doesn“t talk to me.“ I found, as Hacker observed years before, that most wives want their husbands to be first and foremost conversational partne
29、rs, but few husbands share this expectation of their wives. In short, the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face, while a woman glares at the back of it, wanting to talk.（分
30、数：10.00）(1).What is most wives“ main expectation of their husbands?（分数：2.00）A.Talking to themB.Trusting themC.Supporting their careersD.Sharing housework(2).Judging from the context, the phrase “wreaking havoc“ (Line 23, Para.2) most probably means _（分数：2.00）A.generating motivationB.exerting influen
31、ceC.causing damageD.creating pressure(3).All of the following are true EXCEPT _（分数：2.00）A.men tend to talk more in public than womenB.nearly 50 percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversationC.women attach much importance to communication between couplesD.a female tends to be more talka
32、tive at home than her spouse(4).Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?（分数：2.00）A.The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologistsB.Marriage break-up stems from sex inequalitiesC.Husband and wife have different expectations from their marriageD.Conversational p
33、atterns between man and wife are different(5).In the following part immediately after this text, the author will most probably focus on _（分数：2.00）A.a vivid account of the new book Divorce TalkB.a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoonC.other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the
34、 UD.a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew Hacker六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviorshabitsamong consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks or wipe coun
35、ters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues. “There are fundamental public health problems, like dirty hands instead of a soap habit, that remain killers only because we can“t figure out how to change people“s habits,“ said Dr. Curtis, the director of th
36、e Hygiene Center at the London School of Hygiene Tropical Medicine. “We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.“ The companies that Dr. Curtis turned toProcter that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the comm
37、unity; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the taw. The jury is also sa
38、id to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electing representatives to govern for them. But as recently as in 1968, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals.
39、 In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of Strauder v. West Virgini
40、a, the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws. The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898, it was not
41、until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personally asked to have their names included on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and i
42、t kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s. In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury. This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be se
43、lected at random from a cross section of the entire community. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor v. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury se
44、lection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.（分数：10.00）(1).From the principles of the US jury system, we learn that _（分数：2.00）A.both literate and illiterate people can serve on juriesB.defendants are immune from trial by their peer
45、sC.no age limit should be imposed for jury serviceD.judgment should consider the opinion of the public(2).The practice of selecting so-called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed _（分数：2.00）A.the inadequacy of antidiscrimination lawsB.the prevalent discrimination against certain racesC.the conflicting i
46、deals in jury selection proceduresD.the arrogance common among the Supreme Court judges(3).Even in the 1960s, women were seldom on the jury list in some states because _（分数：2.00）A.they were automatically banned by state lawsB.they fell far short of the required qualificationsC.they were supposed to
47、perform domestic dutiesD.they tended to evade public engagement(4).After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed, _（分数：2.00）A.sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolishedB.educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurorsC.jurors
48、 at the state level ought to be representative of the entire communityD.states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system(5).In discussing the US jury system, the text centers on _（分数：2.00）A.its nature and problemsB.its characteristics and traditionC.its problems and their so
49、lutionsD.its tradition and development八、Part B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Copying Birds May Save Aircraft FuelBoth Boeing and Airbus have trumpeted the efficiency of their newest aircraft, the 787 and A350 respectively. Their clever designs and lightweight composites certainly make a difference. But a group of researchers at Stanford University, led by Ilan Kroo, has suggested that airlines could take a more naturalistic approach to cutting jet-fuel use, and it would not require them to buy new aircraft. The answer, says Dr. Kroo
