1、考研英语(二)分类真题 1及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：25.00)The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, “Beautiful Inside My Head Forever“, at Sotheby“s in Lo
2、ndon on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than 70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy. The world art market had already
3、been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firmdouble the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates
4、 interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries. In the weeks and months that followed Mr. Hirst“s sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable. In the art world that meant collect
5、ors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector, they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world“s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby“s and Christie“s, had to pay out nearly $200m in guar
6、antees to clients who had placed works for sale with them. The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctua
7、nt. But Edward Dolman, Christie“s chief executive, says: “I“m pretty confident we“re at the bottom.“ What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the
8、moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good works to sell. The three Dsdeath, debt and divorcestill deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.（分数：25.00）(1).In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst“s sale was referred
9、to as “a last victory“ because _（分数：5.00）A.the art market had witnessed a succession of victoriesB.the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bidsC.“Beautiful Inside My Head Forever“ won over all masterpiecesD.it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis(2).By saying
10、 “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable“ (Lines 12, Para. 3), the author suggests that _（分数：5.00）A.collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctionsB.people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleriesC.art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a
11、 great extentD.works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying(3).Which of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：5.00）A.Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007 to 2008B.The art market surpassed many other industries in momentumC.The art market generally
12、 went downward in various waysD.Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come(4).The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are _（分数：5.00）A.auction houses“ favoritesB.contemporary trendsC.factors promoting artwork circulationD.styles representing impressionists(5).The most appropriate titl
13、e for this text could be _（分数：5.00）A.Fluctuation of Art PricesB.Up to-date Art AuctionsC.Art Market in DeclineD.Shifted Interest in Arts四、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：25.00)I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living rooma women“s group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the eveni
14、ng one man had been particularly talkative frequently offering ideas and anecdotes while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don“t talk to them. This man quickly nodded in agreement. He gestured t
15、oward his wife and said, “She“s the talker in our family.“ The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt. “It“s true,“ he explained. “When I come home from work I have nothing to say. If she didn“t keep the conversation going, we“d spend the whole evening in silence.“ This episode cr
16、ystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage. The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman re
17、ports in her new book Divorce Talk that most of the women she interviewedbut only a few of the mengave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent, that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every yeara virtual epidemic of f
18、ailed conversation. In my own research, complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his, or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning, cooking and soc
19、ial arrangements. Instead, they focused on communication: “He doesn“t listen to me.“ “He doesn“t talk to me.“ I found, as Hacker observed years before, that most wives want their husbands to be first and foremost conversational partners, but few husbands share this expectation of their wives. In sho
20、rt, the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face, while a woman glares at the back of it, wanting to talk.（分数：25.00）(1).What is most wives“ main expectation of their husbands
21、?（分数：5.00）A.Talking to themB.Trusting themC.Supporting their careersD.Sharing housework(2).Judging from the context, the phrase “wreaking havoc“ (Line 23, Para.2) most probably means _（分数：5.00）A.generating motivationB.exerting influenceC.causing damageD.creating pressure(3).All of the following are
22、true EXCEPT _（分数：5.00）A.men tend to talk more in public than womenB.nearly 50 percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversationC.women attach much importance to communication between couplesD.a female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse(4).Which of the following can best su
23、mmarize the main idea of this text?（分数：5.00）A.The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologistsB.Marriage break-up stems from sex inequalitiesC.Husband and wife have different expectations from their marriageD.Conversational patterns between man and wife are different(5).In the following par
24、t immediately after this text, the author will most probably focus on _（分数：5.00）A.a vivid account of the new book Divorce TalkB.a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoonC.other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the UD.a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew Hacker五
25、、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：25.00)Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviorshabitsamong consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks or wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully des
26、igned set of daily cues. “There are fundamental public health problems, like dirty hands instead of a soap habit, that remain killers only because we can“t figure out how to change people“s habits,“ said Dr. Curtis, the director of the Hygiene Center at the London School of Hygiene Tropical Medicine
27、. “We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.“ The companies that Dr. Curtis turned toProcter that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a ju
28、ry on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the taw. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than represen
29、tative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electing representatives to govern for them. But as recently as in 1968, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of
30、supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of Strauder v. West Virginia, the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries
31、 provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws. The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898, it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for
32、jury duty. Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personally asked to have their names included on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s. In 1968
33、, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury. This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. In
34、the landmark 1975 decision Taylor v. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same
35、procedures for selecting male and female jurors.（分数：25.00）(1).From the principles of the US jury system, we learn that _（分数：5.00）A.both literate and illiterate people can serve on juriesB.defendants are immune from trial by their peersC.no age limit should be imposed for jury serviceD.judgment shoul
36、d consider the opinion of the public(2).The practice of selecting so-called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed _（分数：5.00）A.the inadequacy of antidiscrimination lawsB.the prevalent discrimination against certain racesC.the conflicting ideals in jury selection proceduresD.the arrogance common among the
37、 Supreme Court judges(3).Even in the 1960s, women were seldom on the jury list in some states because _（分数：5.00）A.they were automatically banned by state lawsB.they fell far short of the required qualificationsC.they were supposed to perform domestic dutiesD.they tended to evade public engagement(4)
38、.After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed, _（分数：5.00）A.sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolishedB.educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurorsC.jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire commu
39、nityD.states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system(5).In discussing the US jury system, the text centers on _（分数：5.00）A.its nature and problemsB.its characteristics and traditionC.its problems and their solutionsD.its tradition and development考研英语(二)分类真题 1答案解析(总分：100.00，
40、做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：25.00)The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, “Beautiful Inside My Head Forever“, at Sotheby“s in London on September 15th 2008.
41、All but two pieces sold, fetching more than 70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy. The world art market had already been losing momentum for a wh
42、ile after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firmdouble the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size
43、 because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries. In the weeks and months that followed Mr. Hirst“s sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from gallerie
44、s and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector, they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world“s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby“s and Christie“s, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had pla
45、ced works for sale with them. The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edward Dolman, Christ
46、ie“s chief executive, says: “I“m pretty confident we“re at the bottom.“ What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of deman
47、d but a lack of good works to sell. The three Dsdeath, debt and divorcestill deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.（分数：25.00）(1).In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst“s sale was referred to as “a last victory“ becaus
48、e _（分数：5.00）A.the art market had witnessed a succession of victoriesB.the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bidsC.“Beautiful Inside My Head Forever“ won over all masterpiecesD.it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis 解析：解析 虽然本题提问的是一个词组，但是对这个词组的理解一定要放在上下文中进行。
49、第一段第一句提到艺术品市场的牛市结束，但同时提到了 Hirst的拍卖会多么成功，第二句继续提到了 Hirst拍卖会如何创下了单人拍卖纪录，第四句提到了雷曼兄弟银行的破产。上面谈 Hirst拍卖会的成功，下一句谈以雷曼兄弟银行的倒闭为标志的国际金融危机的到来。在这个上下文中理解“它是最后一场胜利”，就能很容易地得出答案。而选择项 A因为脱离了这个上下文，就不能被选为正确答案。(2).By saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable“ (Lines 12, Para. 3), the author suggests that _（分数：5.00）A.collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctions B.people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleriesC.art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great
