1、考研英语(二)真题 2016 年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Happy people work differently. They“re more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence 1 firms work, too. Companies located in places with happie
2、r people invest more, according to a recent research paper. 2 , firms in happy places spend more on R it is that one is actually inclined to interruption.“ Deep reading requires not just time, but a special kind of time which can“t be obtained merely by becoming more efficient. In fact, “becoming mo
3、re efficient“ is part of the problem. Thinking of time as a resource to be maximized means you approach it instrumentally, judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal. Immersive reading, by contrast, depends on being willing to risk inefficiency, go
4、allessness, even time-wasting. Try to slot it as a to-do list item and you“ll manage only goal-focused reading useful, sometimes, but not the most fulfilling kind. “The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt,“ writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacre
5、d Time , and “we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (days, hours, minutes) as they pass, for if they get by without being filled, we will have wasted them.“ No mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book. So what does work? Perhaps surprisingly, scheduling regular times
6、for reading. You“d think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Eberle notes, such ritualistic behavior helps us “step outside time“s flow“ into “soul time“. You could limit distractions by reading only physical books, or on single-purpose e-readers. “Carry a book with you at all time
7、s“ can actually work, tooproviding you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down. On a really good day, it no longer feels as if you“re “making time to read,“ but just reading, and making time
8、 for everything else.（分数：10.00）(1).The usual time-management techniques don“t work because _.（分数：2.00）A.what they can offer does not ease the modem mindB.what challenging books demand is repetitive readingC.what people often forget is carrying a book with themD.what deep reading requires cannot be g
9、uaranteed(2).The “empty bottles“ metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to _.（分数：2.00）A.update their to-do listsB.make passing time fulfillingC.carry their plans throughD.pursue carefree reading(3).Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps _.（分数：2.00）A.encourage th
10、e efficiency mind-setB.develop online reading habitsC.promote ritualistic readingD.achieve immersive reading(4).“Carry a book with you at all times“ can work if _.（分数：2.00）A.reading becomes your primary business of the dayB.all the daily business has been promptly dealt withC.you are able to drop ba
11、ck to business after readingD.time can be evenly split for reading and business(5).The best title for this text could be _.（分数：2.00）A.How to Enjoy Easy ReadingB.How to Find Time to ReadC.How to Set Reading GoalsD.How to Read Extensively七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Against a backdrop of drastic changes in
12、 economy and population structure, younger Americans are drawing a new 21 st-century road map to success, a latest poll has found. Across generational lines, Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life, including getting married, having children, owning a
13、 home, and retiring in their sixties. But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life, they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it. Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal ful
14、fillment in their work, to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain that children ar
15、e best served by two parents working outside the home, the survey found. From career to community and family, these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession, those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through v
16、irtually all aspects of American life, from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics. Young and old converge on one key point: Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations. While yo
17、unger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting out today, big majorities in both groups believe those “just getting started in life“ face a tougher climb than earlier generations in reaching such signpost achievements as securing a good-paying job,
18、 starting a family, managing debt, and finding affordable housing. Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today. Schneider, a 27-year-old auto technician from the Chicago suburbs, says he struggled to find a job after graduating from college. Even now that he is working steadily, he said, “I can
19、“t afford to pay my monthly mortgage payments on my own, so I have to rent rooms out to people to make that happen.“ Looking back, he is struck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their children even though neither had completed college when he was young. “I still grew up in an upp
20、er middle-class home with parents who didn“t have college degrees,“ Schneider said. “I don“t think people are capable of that anymore.“（分数：10.00）(1).One cross-generation mark of a successful life is _.（分数：2.00）A.trying out different lifestylesB.having a family with childrenC.working beyond retiremen
21、t ageD.setting up a profitable business(2).It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that young people tend to _.（分数：2.00）A.favor a slower life paceB.hold an occupation longerC.attach importance to pre-marital financeD.give priority to childcare outside the home(3).The priorities and expectations defined b
22、y the young will _.（分数：2.00）A.become increasingly clearB.focus on materialistic issuesC.depend largely on political preferencesD.reach almost all aspects of American life(4).Both young and old agree that _.（分数：2.00）A.good-paying jobs are less availableB.the old made more life achievementsC.housing l
23、oans today are easy to obtainD.getting established is harder for the young(5).Which of the following is true about Schneider?（分数：2.00）A.He found a dream job after graduating from college.B.His parents believe working steadily is a must for success.C.His parents“ good life has little to do with a col
24、lege degree.D.He thinks his job as a technician quite challenging.八、Part B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A. Be silly B. Have fun C. Express your emotions D. Don“t overthink it E. Be easily pleased F. Notice things G. Ask for help As adults, it seems that we are constantly pursuing happiness, often with mixed resul
25、ts. Yet children appear to have it down to an artand for the most part they don“t need self-help books or therapy. Instead, they look after their wellbeing instinctively, and usually more effectively than we do as grownups. Perhaps it“s time to learn a few lessons from them. 1 What does a child do w
26、hen he“s sad? He cries. When he“s angry? He shouts. Scared? Probably a bit of both. As we grow up, we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and don“t dictate our behaviours, which is in many ways a good thing. But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing emotions,
27、 especially negative ones. That“s about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us ill. What we need to do is find a way to acknowledge and express what we feel appropriately, and thenagain like childrenmove. 2 A couple of Christmases ago, my youngest stepdaughter, who was nin
28、e years old at the time, got a Superman T-shirt for Christmas. It cost less than a fiver but she was overjoyed, and couldn“t stop talking about it. Too often we believe that a new job, bigger house or better car will be the magic silver bullet that will allow us to finally be content, but the realit
29、y is these things have very little lasting impact on our happiness levels. Instead, being grateful for small things every day is a much better way to improve wellbeing. 3 Have you ever noticed how much children laugh? If we adults could indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling, we would reduce the
30、 stress hormones in our bodies, increase good hormones like endorphins, improve blood flow to our hearts and even have a greater chance of fighting off infection. All of which, of course, have a positive effect on happiness levels. 4 The problem with being a grown up is that there“s an awful lot of
31、serious stuff to deal withwork, mortgage payments, figuring out what to cook for dinner. But as adults we also have the luxury of being able to control our own diaries and it“s important that we schedule in time to enjoy the things we love. Those things might be social, sporting, creative or complet
32、ely random (dancing around the living room, anyone?)it doesn“t matter, so long as they“re enjoyable, and not likely to have negative side effects, such as drinking too much alcohol or going on a wild spending spree if you“re on a tight budget. 5 Having said all of the above, it“s important to add th
33、at we shouldn“t try too hard to be happy. Scientists tell us this can backfire and actually have a negative impact on our wellbeing. As the Chinese philosopher Chuang Tzu is reported to have said: “Happiness is the absence of striving for happiness.“ And in that, once more, we need to look to the ex
34、ample of our children, to whom happiness is not a goal but a natural byproduct of the way they live.（分数：10.00）九、Section Translatio(总题数：1，分数：15.00)1.The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors. The reason for this is simple: The longer you sta
35、y in the store, the more stuff you“ll see, and the more stuff you see, the more you“ll buy. And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff. The average supermarket, according to the Food Marketing Institute, carries some 44,000 different items, and many carry tens of thousands more. The sheer volume of ava
36、ilable choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload. According to brain-scan experiments, the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us. After about 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective, and instead begin sho
37、pping emotionallywhich is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying. （分数：15.00）_十、Section Writing(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十一、Part A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)2.Directions: Suppose you won a translation contest and your friend, Jack, wrote an e-mail to congratulate
38、 you and ask for advice on translation. Write him a reply to 1) thank him, and 2) give your advice. You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming“ instead. Do not write the address. （分数：10.00）_十二、Part B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)3.Directi
39、ons: Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should 1) interpret the chart, and 2) give your comments. You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. （分数：15.00）_考研英语(二)真题 2016 年答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Happy people work differentl
40、y. They“re more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence 1 firms work, too. Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper. 2 , firms in happy places spend more on R it is
41、 that one is actually inclined to interruption.“ Deep reading requires not just time, but a special kind of time which can“t be obtained merely by becoming more efficient. In fact, “becoming more efficient“ is part of the problem. Thinking of time as a resource to be maximized means you approach it
42、instrumentally, judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal. Immersive reading, by contrast, depends on being willing to risk inefficiency, goallessness, even time-wasting. Try to slot it as a to-do list item and you“ll manage only goal-focused read
43、ing useful, sometimes, but not the most fulfilling kind. “The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt,“ writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time , and “we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (days, hours, minutes) as they pass,
44、 for if they get by without being filled, we will have wasted them.“ No mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book. So what does work? Perhaps surprisingly, scheduling regular times for reading. You“d think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Eberle notes, such ritualist
45、ic behavior helps us “step outside time“s flow“ into “soul time“. You could limit distractions by reading only physical books, or on single-purpose e-readers. “Carry a book with you at all times“ can actually work, tooproviding you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state from
46、which you temporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down. On a really good day, it no longer feels as if you“re “making time to read,“ but just reading, and making time for everything else.（分数：10.00）(1).The usual time-management techniques don“t work because _.（分数：2.00）A.wha
47、t they can offer does not ease the modem mindB.what challenging books demand is repetitive readingC.what people often forget is carrying a book with themD.what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed 解析：解析 推理判断题。根据题干中的关键词 the usual time-management 可以定位到原文第二段首句。该句指出通常的时间管理技巧似乎难以奏效，接着作者借助个人体验阐述网络上的
48、各种找时间阅读的建议并不能解决问题，该段最后一句指出，深度阅读需要的不只是时间，更是一种特殊的时间，仅仅变得更加有效率也不能获得的那种时间，由此可知，通常的时间管理技巧提供的抽时间阅读的方式不具备深度阅读需要的条件，因为深度阅读不、只是需要时间而已，故 D 项为答案。A、B 两项原文未提及，而 C 项内容与原文意思相反，原文说即便网上有人建议随身携带一本书，但是这种方法也并不能奏效，故三项均排除。(2).The “empty bottles“ metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to _.（分数：2.00）A.update their to-do listsB.make passing time fulfilling C.carry their plans throughD.pursue carefree reading解析：解析 语义理解题。根据题干中的关键词 empty bottles 可定位到原文第三段倒数第二句。该句引述了加里埃伯利的著作神圣的时间中的关于“空瓶子”的隐喻，埃伯利把未来的时间比作传输带上源源不断涌来的空瓶子，人们总会感到一种压力，即要把空瓶子填满，如果不填满，就觉得是一种浪费，由此可判断，这里是指人们
