1、考研英语-试卷 135 及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_With the Met Office predicting a summer heatwave, Macmillan Cancer Relief this week (
2、1)_ its customary warning about the sun“s ultraviolet rays: (2)_, it says, for the huge rise in skin cancers affecting 70,000 people a year. (3)_ a hat and long-sleeved shirt, it advises, keep in the (4)_ in the middle of the day, and slap (5)_ suncream with a protection factor of 15 or above. We al
3、l know it (6)_ it“s the message that“s been drummed into us for the past 20 years. Too much sun (7)_ But now there“s a fly in the suntan lotion, complicating the message“s clarity. It comes (8)_ a thin, quietly-spoken and officially retired Nasa scientist, Professor William Grant, who says that sun
4、doesn“t kill; in fact, it does us the world of (9)_. What“s killing us, he says, is our (10)_ with protecting ourselves from skin cancer. Grant is trying to turn the scientific world (11)_ down. Talking to me on a trip to Britain this week, he (12)_ his startlingand at first appearance off-the-walln
5、ew calculation that (13)_ excessive exposure to the sun is costing 1,600 deaths a year in the UK from melanoma skin cancers, (14)_ exposure to the sun is the cause of 25,000 deaths a year from cancer generally. In other words, one sixth of all cancer deaths could be prevented (15)_ we sunned ourselv
6、es a little more; in comparison, the melanoma (16)_ is insignificant. The reason is vitamin D. Grant, the director of the Sunlight, Nutrition and Health Research Centre (SUNARC) he (17)_ in California a year ago, says that he and other scientists have (18)_ vitamin D deficiency as a key cause (19)_
7、17 different types of cancer including melanoma, osteoporosis, diabetes, multiple sclerosis and other neurological (20)_.（分数：40.00）A.issuedB.claimedC.declaredD.announcedA.qualifiedB.relatingC.responsibleD.resultingA.Put onB.Take toC.Turn toD.Put offA.darknessB.rayC.shadeD.sunlightA.withB.onC.inD.ont
8、oA.stands waterB.reasonableC.soundD.makes sentseA.devastatesB.killsC.hurtsD.injuresA.on the basis ofB.in the light ofC.by means ofD.in the form ofA.goodB.goodnessC.benefitsD.profitsA.obesityB.obsessionC.obscurityD.obscenityA.downsideB.insideC.upsideD.outsideA.underminedB.uncoveredC.disclosedD.reveal
9、edA.becauseB.asC.whileD.whenA.efficientB.proficientC.ampleD.insufficientA.ifB.unlessC.lestD.sinceA.haphazardB.riskC.hazardD.dangerA.inventedB.foundedC.renovatedD.producedA.establishedB.convincedC.convictedD.witnessedA.forB.fromC.byD.behindA.sicknessB.symptomsC.disordersD.syndrome二、Reading Comprehens
10、io(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._When young people who want to be journalists ask me what subject they should study after leaving school, I tell them: “Anything exce
11、pt journalism or media studies.“ Most veterans of my trade would say the same. It is practical advice. For obvious reasons, newspaper editors like to employ people who can bring something other than a knowledge of the media to the party that we call our work. On The Daily Telegraph, for example, the
12、 editor of London Spy is a theologian by academic training. The obituaries editor is a philosopher. The editor of our student magazine, Juice, studied physics. As for myself, I read history, ancient and modern, at the taxpayer“s expense. I am not sure what Charles Clarke, the Education Secretary, wo
13、uld make of all this. If I understand him correctly, he would think that the public money spent on teaching this huge range of disciplines to the staff of The Daily Telegraph was pretty much wasted. The only academic course of which he would wholeheartedly approve in the list above would be physicsb
14、ut then again, he would probably think it a terrible waste that Simon Hogg chose to edit Juice instead of designing aeroplanes or building nuclear reactors. By that, he seems to mean that everything taught at the public expense should have a direct, practical application that will benefit society an
15、d the economy. It is extremely alarming that the man in charge of Britain“s education system should think in this narrow-minded, half-witted way. The truth, of course, is that all academic disciplines benefit society and the economy, whether in a direct and obvious way or not. They teach students to
16、 thinkto process information and to distinguish between what is important and unimportant, true and untrue. Above all, a country in which academic research and intelligent ideas are allowed to flourish is clearly a much more interesting, stimulating and enjoyable place than one without “ornaments“,
17、in which money and usefulness are all that count. Mr. Clarke certainly has a point when he says that much of what is taught in Britain“s universities is useless. But it is useless for a far more serious reason than that it lacks any obvious economic utility. As the extraordinarily high drop-out rate
18、 testifies, it is useless because it fails the first test of university teachingthat it should stimulate the interest of those being taught. When students themselves think that their courses are a waste of time and money, then a waste they are. The answer is not to cut off state funding for the huma
19、nities. It is to offer short, no- nonsense vocational courses to those who want to learn a trade, and reserve university places for those who want to pursue an academic discipline. By this means, a great deal of wasted money could be saved and all studentsthe academic and the not-so-academicwould be
20、nefit. What Mr. Clarke seems to be proposing instead is an act of cultural vandalism that would rob Britain of all claim to be called a civilised country.（分数：10.00）(1).The second paragraph is meant to demonstrate that_.（分数：2.00）A.students of other disciplines than journalism are preferred employees
21、of newspapersB.young people should learn other subjects than journalism after leaving schoolC.veterans of the author“s trade would give the same advice to puzzled youngstersD.young people should diversify their learning subjects to be better employed(2).Charles Clarke as described in the passage wou
22、ld probably agree that_.（分数：2.00）A.philosophy as an academic discipline in college should be canceledB.physics should be the topmost choice of disciplines for prospective journalistsC.the Daily Telegraph is poorly staffed and needs rearrangementD.there is no reason for the state to pay for subjects
23、of higher education(3).Which of the following is true according to the author?（分数：2.00）A.The role of state-funded universities is to train students for a job.B.Every academic subject will do good to society and the economy somehow.C.Academic research and intelligent ideas are more important than “or
24、naments“.D.Money and usefulness are the criteria to judge the worth of a discipline.(4).That many subjects taught at British colleges are useless is mainly owing to _.（分数：2.00）A.their falling short of the demands of economyB.their validity as a discipline being untestifiedC.their failure to meet the
25、 standards of university instructionD.their inability to arouse the interest of students(5).The author“s primary purpose in writing this passage is to _.（分数：2.00）A.propose an academic discipline for young people wishing to be journalistsB.debate both sides of the proper pattern of Britain“s higher e
26、ducationC.condemn Charles Clarke for his improper statements about higher educationD.contrast Charles Clarke“s claim about higher education to that of his ownStandard the second was agriculture. Agriculture made possible an immense increase in the number of the human species in the regions where it
27、could be successfully practiced. (43) 3. (44) 4. These inventions and discoveriesfire, speech, weapons domestic animals, agriculture, and writing made the existence of civilized communities possible. From about 3000 B.C. until the beginning of the Industrial Revolution less than two hundred years ag
28、o there was no technical advance comparable to these. During this long period man had time to become accustomed to his technique, and to develop the beliefs and political organizations appropriate to it. There was, of course, an immense extension in the area of civilized life. At first it had been c
29、onfined to the Nile, the Euphrates, the Tigris, and the Indus, but at the end of the period in question it covered much the greatest part of the inhabitable globe. I do not mean to suggest that there was no technical progress during the time. (45) 5.Notes: ape 猿 pastoral nomad 田园式的游牧部落的人 the Euphrat
30、es 幼发拉底河 the Tigris 底格里斯河 the Indus 印度河 in question 所谈的(在名词后作后置定语)A. Probably picture language and oral language developed side by side. I am inclined to think that language has been the most important single factor in the development of man.B. Another fundamental technical advance was writing, whic
31、h, like spoken language, developed out of pictures, but as soon as it had reached a certain stage, it was possible to keep records and transmit information to people who were not present when the information was given.C. With the development of civilization, primitive people who lived in caves at th
32、at time badly needed a language, which would help them to communicate with one another.D. The origin of language is also obscure. No doubt it began very gradually.E. In fact, there was progressthere were even two inventions of very great importance, namely, gunpowder and the mariner“s compassbut nei
33、ther of these can be compared in their revolutionary power to such things as speech and writing and agriculture.F. These were, at first, only those in which nature fertilized the soil after each harvest. Agriculture met with violent resistance from the pastoral nomads, but the agricultural way of li
34、fe prevailed in the end because of the physical comforts it provided.G. But industry was a step in human progress to which subsequently there was nothing comparable until our own machine age.（分数：8.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_5.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate
35、 the underlined segments into Chinese._Psychologists once believed that the motive that caused men to strive to attain high-level managerial positions was the “need for achievement“. But now they believe it is the “need for power“. Power seekers strive hard to reach positions where they can exercise
36、 authority over large numbers of people. (46) Individual performers who lack this drive are not likely to advance far up the managerial ladder. They usually scorn company politics and devote their energies to other types of activities. The power game is part of management, and it is played best by t
37、hose who enjoy it most. (47) One of the least rational acts of business organizations is that of hiring managers who have a high need to exercise authority, and then teaching them that authoritative methods are wrong and that they should be consultative or participative. (48) It is a serious mistake
38、 to teach managers that they should adopt styles that are inconsistent with their unique personalities. Yet this is precisely what a large number of business organizations are doing; and it explains, in part, why their management development programs are not effective. (49) What managerial aspirants
39、 should be taught is how to exercise their authority in a way that is appropriate to the situation and the people involved. They need to learn that the real source of their power is their own knowledge and skill, and the strength of their own personalities, not the authority conferred on them by the
40、ir positions. When they lack the knowledge or skill required to perform the work, they need to know how to share their authority. (50) But when they know What has to be done and have the skill and personality to get it done, they must exercise their traditional authority in whatever way is necessary
41、.（分数：10.00）_三、Writing(总题数：5，分数：4.00)6.Section III Writing_7.Part ADirections: Write a composition/letter of no less than 100 words on the following information._8.You made a travel with the help of a travel agency and you were disappointed with service. Write a letter to the related department to: 1
42、) complain about bad service; 2) advance your suggestions. You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming“ instead. You do not need to write the address.（分数：2.00）_9.Part BDirections: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following informatio
43、n._10.Title: The Teacher-Student RelationshipOutline:1. A good teacher-student relationship benefits both teaching and learning.2. A teacher“s behavior is important for the establishment of a good teacher-student relationship.3. What should a student do for the establishment of a good teacher-studen
44、t relationship?You should write about 160-200 words neatly.（分数：2.00）_考研英语-试卷 135 答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：With the Met Office predicting a summer heatwave, Macmillan Cancer Relief this week (1)_ its customary warning about the sun“s ultraviolet rays: (2)_, it says, for the huge rise in skin cancers affecting 70,000 people a year. (3)_ a hat and long-sleeved shirt, it advises, keep in the
