1、考研英语-试卷 59及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Most children with healthy appetites are ready to eat almost anything that is offered t
2、hem and a child rarely dislikes food (1)_ it is badly cooked. The (2)_ a meal is cooked and served is most important and an (3)_ served meal will, often improve a child“s appetite. Never ask a child (4)_ he likes or dislike a food and never (5)_ likes and dislikes in front of him or allow (6)_ else
3、to do so. If the father says he hates fat meat or the mother (7)_ vegetables in the child“s hearing he is (8)_ to copy this procedure. Take it (9)_ granted that he likes everything and he probably (10)_. Nothing healthful should be omitted from the meal because of a (11)_ dislike. At meal times it i
4、s a good (12)_ to give a child a small portion and let him (13)_ back for a second helping rather than give him as (14)_ as he is likely to eat all at once. Do not talk too much to the child (15)_ meal times, but let him get on with his food: and do not (16)_ him to leave the table immediately after
5、 a meal or he will (17)_ learn to swallow his food (18)_ he can hurry back to his toys. Under (19)_ circumstances must a child be coaxed (20)_ forced to eat.（分数：40.00）A.ifB.untilC.thatD.unlessA.procedureB.wayC.processD.methodA.adequatelyB.urgentlyC.attractivelyD.eagerlyA.whetherB.thatC.whatD.whichA.
6、remarkB.discussC.tellD.argueA.everybodyB.somebodyC.anybodyD.nobodyA.opposesB.refusesC.deniesD.offendsA.willingB.obligedC.possibleD.likelyA.withB.overC.asD.forA.shouldB.willC.mayD.mustA.supposedB.consideredC.provedD.relatedA.pointB.ideaC.customD.planA.askB.returnC.comeD.takeA.muchB.fewC.littleD.manyA
7、.onB.byC.overD.duringA.agreeB.forceC.allowD.persuadeA.hurriedlyB.fastC.soonD.slowlyA.soB.lestC.untilD.althoughA.someB.suchC.anyD.noA.orB.butC.norD.neither二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions
8、below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._Only two animals have entered the human household otherwise than as prisoners and become domesticated by other means than those of enforced servilities: the dog and the cat. Two things they have in common, namely, that both belong to the order of carnivores
9、and both serve man in their capacity of hunters. In all other characteristics, above all in the manner of their association with man, they are as different as the night from the day. There is no domestic animal which has so rapidly altered its whole way of living, indeed its whole sphere of interest
10、s, that has become domestic in so true a sense as the dog; and there is no animal that, in the course of its century old association with man, has altered so little as the cat. There is some truth in the assertion that the cat, with the exception of a few luxury breeds, such as Angoras, Persians and
11、 Siamese, is no domestic animal but a completely wild being. Maintaining its full independence it has taken up its abode in the houses and outhouses of man, for the simple reason that there are more mice they“re than elsewhere: The whole charm of the dog lies in the depth of the friendship and the s
12、trength of the spiritual ties with which he has bound himself to man, but the appeal of the cat lies in the very fact that she has formed no close bond with him, that she has the uncompromising independence of a tiger or a leopard while she is hunting in his stables and barns; that she still remain
13、mysterious and remote when she is rubbing herself gently against the legs of her mistress or purring contentedly in front of the fire. The purring cat is, for me, a symbol of the heart side and the hidden security, which it stands for. I should no more like to be without a cat, in my home than to be
14、 without the dog that trots behind me in field or street, since my earliest youth I have always had dogs and cats about me. Business like friends have advised me to write a dog book and a cat book separately, because dog lovers often dislike cats and cat lovers frequently abhor dogs. But I consider,
15、 it the finest test of genuine love and understanding of animals if a person has sympathies for both these creatures, and can appreciate in each its own special virtue.（分数：10.00）(1).Cats, according to the author, _.（分数：2.00）A.are not domestic animals at allB.are fiercer than dogsC.are both meek and
16、independentD.can sometimes be very hostile to people(2).Dogs and cats are similar in that _.（分数：2.00）A.people can use them for huntingB.they are associated with man closelyC.they have the same way of livingD.they are equally liked by people(3).We can infer from the passage that the author _.（分数：2.00
17、）A.prefers dogs to catsB.prefers cats to dogsC.likes dogs as well as catsD.likes neither dogs nor cats(4).The passage concludes that _.（分数：2.00）A.dogs are more domesticated than catsB.dogs are more lovable animals than catsC.though different, dogs and cats have their charmsD.both dogs and cats can b
18、e kept as pets in one house(5).The author wants to write _.（分数：2.00）A.a clog bookB.a cat bookC.a dog and cat bookD.a dog and a cat bookBy the 1980s, according to international but admittedly inconsistent definitions of literacy, about seven out of ten adults in the world were considered literate. Th
19、e increase in literacy from ancient times to the present has not been a story of unbroken progress. The ability of people with in a given society to read and write has been influenced by a number of factors, including economic well-being, the availability of material to read, the amount of education
20、 available, and the basic matter of the usefulness of reading. Of these factors, usefulness has probably been the most decisive. In ancient societies, as people settled into stable patterns of agriculture and trade, it became useful for some of them to read and write in order to keep records, to tra
21、nsact business, and to measure amounts of land, animals, goods, materials, and produce. Since all economic aspects of a society were closely tied to the operations of government, literacy became useful and even necessary for the keeping of records by officials. The responsibilities of citizenship le
22、d to a fairly high level of literacy in ancient Greece and Rome, but in addition to that, there also grew an appreciation of good literature, poetry, drama, history, and philosophy. During the early Middle Ages, with the general breakdown of society in Europe and the decrease of commerce, literacy b
23、ecame largely confined to the church. But in the late Middle Ages, in the period of the Renaissance, the great expansion of commerce and banking led to a revival in literacy for the same reason that had caused it to increase in the ancient world usefulness. With the invention of the printing press a
24、nd inexpensive paper late in the 15th century there was for the first time a great availability of reading material for a much greater number of people. Religious reformers were among the first to utilize the situation, quickly getting translations of the Bible and educational tracts and booklets in
25、to the hands of many people. The broadened religious enlightenment that resulted was followed in later centuries by a political one. Political theorists who favored doctrines promoting the natural rights of man called for an attack upon illiteracy. Political revolutions, particularly in the United S
26、tates and France, helped inaugurate an era in which all classes were called upon to become informed on public policy for their own welfare. Against this political background there emerged the movement for universal popular education. Literacy came to be understood as a means whereby the individual c
27、ould benefit and advance, and gradually whole societies began to acknowledge that universal literacy among their citizens was an avenue to greater economic well-being.（分数：10.00）(1).From the first paragraph we know _.（分数：2.00）A.it is fairly easy to determine literacyB.there is no illiteracy in a rich
28、 familyC.history sees an even progress towards literacyD.in history literacy suffers ups and downs(2).According to the passage, what is the major driving force behind the progress toward more literacy?（分数：2.00）A.The amount of education.B.The availability of reading materials.C.The economic developme
29、nt.D.The necessity to read.(3).In the Renaissance, it was _ that greatly expand literacy.（分数：2.00）A.the religious reformsB.the translation and popularization of the BibleC.the availability of printing technology and cheap paperD.the renovations of the teaching methods(4).The last paragraph is mainly
30、 about _.（分数：2.00）A.the religious movements that promoted the literacy of the publicB.the new progress towards literacy initiated by democratic societyC.modern political movement towards a more democratic societyD.political movements at the end of the Middle Ages fighting illiteracy(5)._,there was a
31、 revival in literacy.（分数：2.00）A.The early Middle AgesB.The late Middle AgesC.The Middle AgesD.None of allEvery product on the market has a variety of costs built into it before it is ever put up for sale to a customer. There are costs of production, transportation, storage, advertising, and more. Ea
32、ch of these costs must bring in some profit at each stage: truckers must profit from transporting products, or they would not be in business. Thus, costs also include several layers of profits. The selling price of a product must take all of these costs(and built-in profits) into consideration. The
33、selling price itself consists of a markup over the total of all costs, and it is normally based on a percentage of the total cost. The markup may be quite high 90 percent of cost or it may be low. Grocery items in a supermarket usually have a low markup, while mink cost have a very high one. High ma
34、rkups, however, do not in themselves guarantee big profits. Profits come from turnover. If an item has a 50 percent markup and does not sell, there is no profit. But if a cereal has an 8 percent markup and sells very well, there are reasonable profits. While most pricing is based on cost factors, th
35、ere are some exceptions. Prestige pricing means setting prices artificially high in order to attract select clientele. Such pricing attempts to suggest that the quality or style of the product is exceptional or that the item cannot be found elsewhere. Stores can use prestige pricing to attract wealt
36、hy shoppers. Leader pricing and bait pricing are the opposites of prestige pricing. Leader pricing means setting low prices on certain items to get people to come into the stores. The products so priced are called loss leaders because little or no profit can be made on them. The profits are made fro
37、m other products people buy while in the store. Bait pricing, now generally considered illegal, means setting artificially low prices to attract customers. The store, however, has no intention of selling goods at the bait prices. The point is to get people into the store and persuade them of the inf
38、eriority of the low-priced item. Then a higher priced item is presented as a better alternative. A common retail tactic is odd priced products. For some products of $300, the store will set the price at $295 or $299.95 to give the appearance of a lower price. Automobiles and other high-priced produc
39、ts are usually priced in this manner. For some reason $7995 has more appear to a potential car customer than $8000. Bid pricing is a special kind of price setting. It is often used in the awarding of government contracts. Several companies are asked to submit bids on a job, and normally the lowest b
40、idder wins. A school system may want to buy a large number of computers. Several companies are asked to submit prices, and the school district will decide on the best bid based as well on considerations of quality and service.（分数：10.00）(1).We learn from the second paragraph, _.（分数：2.00）A.reducing co
41、st is the surest way to increase profitsB.profits depend on how fast goods are movingC.fair markup promise the greatest profitsD.lower markup brings reasonable profits(2).In a department store, the purpose of showing clients bait priced items is to _.（分数：2.00）A.demonstrate the bad quality of these i
42、temsB.get them to purchase some other articlesC.earn some dirty money from these itemsD.persuade them to buy what they don“t really need(3).Odd even pricing method _.（分数：2.00）A.is often used with very expensive itemsB.is only effective on potential car customersC.is the most popular way of pricing a
43、 productD.is the most effective way of selling low-priced products(4).In a bidding deal, _.（分数：2.00）A.the buyer search from place to place for desired objectB.the government selects the best itemsC.the government transacts with an individualD.the sellers compete with each other for the bid(5).If you
44、 want to sell a car about $80,000, you“d better set the price at _.（分数：2.00）A.￥80,000B.￥75,000C.￥78,000D.￥79,995In a democratic society citizens are encouraged to form their own opinions on candidates for public office, taxes, constitutional amendments, environmental concerns, foreign policy, and ot
45、her issues. The opinions held by any population are shaped and manipulated by sever al factors: individual circumstances, the mass media, special interest groups, and opinion leaders. Wealthy people tend to think differently on social issues from poor people. Factory workers probably do not share th
46、e same views as white-collar, nonunion workers. Women employed outside their homes sometimes have perspectives different from those of fulltime home makers. In these and other ways individual status shapes one“s view of current events. The mass media, especially television, are powerful influences o
47、n the way people think and act. Government officials note how mail from the public tends to “follow the headlines“. Whatever is featured in newspapers and magazines and on television attracts enough attention that people begin to inform them and to express opinions. The mass media have also created
48、larger audiences for government and a wider range of pubic issues than existed before. Prior to television and the national editions of newspapers, issues and candidates tended to remain localized. In Great Britain and West Germany, for ex ample, voters as local contests usually viewed elections to the national legislatures. Today“s elections are seen as struggles between party leaders and programs. In the United States radio and television have been beneficial to the presidency
