1、考研英语-试卷 4 及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_The success of Augustus owed much to the character of Roman theorizing about the state.
2、 The Romans did not produce ambitious blueprints (1)_ the construction of ideal states, such as (2)_ to the Greeks. With very few exceptions, Roman theorists ignored, or rejected (3)_ valueless, intellectual exercises like Plato“s Republic, in (4)_ the relationship of the individual to the state was
3、 (5)_ out painstakingly without reference to (6)_ states or individuals. The closest the Roman came to the Greek model was Cicero“s De Re Publica, and even here Cicero had Rome clearly in (7)_. Roman thought about the state was concrete, even when it (8)_ religious and moral concepts. The first rule
4、r of Rome, Romulus, was (9)_ to have received authority from the gods, specifically from Jupiter, the “guarantor“ of Rome. All constitutional (10)_ was a method of conferring and administering the (11)_. Very clearly it was believed that only the assembly of the (12)_, the family heads who formed th
5、e original senate, (13)_ the religious character necessary to exercise authority, because its original function was to (14)_ the gods. Being practical as well as exclusive, the senators moved (15)_ to divide the authority, holding that their consuls, or chief officials, would possess it on (16)_ mon
6、ths, and later extending its possession to lower officials. (17)_ the important achievement was to create the idea of continuing (18)_ authority embodied only temporarily in certain upper-class individuals and conferred only (19)_ the mass of the people concurred. The system grew with enormous (20)_
7、, as new offices and assemblies were created and almost none discarded.（分数：40.00）A.withB.forC.inD.toA.temptedB.attractedC.appealedD.transferredA.onB.forC.asD.aboutA.whichB.thatC.whatD.itA.turnedB.workedC.broughtD.madeA.specialB.specificC.peculiarD.particularA.existenceB.storeC.realityD.mindA.abandon
8、edB.caughtC.separatedD.involvedA.toldB.heldC.suggestedD.advisedA.tendencyB.procedureC.developmentD.relationA.authorityB.powerC.controlD.rulingA.officersB.menC.administratorsD.fathersA.possessedB.claimedC.assuredD.enforcedA.confirmB.conferC.ConsultD.considerA.overB.alongC.OnD.aboutA.alternateB.differ
9、entC.variedD.severalA.AndB.SoC.OrD.ButA.stateB.countryC.peopleD.nationalA.asB.whenC.ifD.soA.dimensionB.complexityC.exerciseD.function二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by ch
10、oosing A, B, C or D._“I“ve never met a human worth cloning“, says cloning expert Mark Westhusin from the cramped confines of his lab at Texas A promoting admissions decisions that look at more than test scores; and encouraging universities to step up their minority outreach and financial aid. And to
11、 counter accusations by critics to challenge these tactics in court, the group says it will give legal assistance to colleges sued for trying them. “Diversity diminished by the court must be made up for in other legitimate, legal ways“, says a forum member. One of the more controversial methods advo
12、cated is the so-called 10% rule. The idea is for public universitieswhich educate three-quarters of all U. S. undergraduatesto admit students who are in the top 10% of their high school graduating class. Doing so allows colleges to take minorities who excel in average urban schools, even if they wou
13、ldn“t have made the cut under the current statewide ranking many universities use.（分数：10.00）(1).U.S. court restrictions on affirmative-action signify that（分数：2.00）A.minorities no longer hold the once favored status.B.the quality of American colleges has improved.C.racial preferences has replaced rac
14、ial prejudice.D.the minority is on an equal footing with the majority.(2).What has been a divisive issue across the United States?（分数：2.00）A.Whether affirmative-action should continue to exist.B.Whether this law is helping minorities or the white majority.C.Whether racism exists in American college
15、admission.D.Whether racial intolerance should be punished.(3).CEOs of big companies decided to help colleges enroll more minority students because they（分数：2.00）A.think it wrong to deprive the minorities of their rights to receive education.B.want to conserve the fine characteristics of American nati
16、on.C.want a workforce that reflects the diversity of their customers.D.think it their duty to help develop education of the country.(4).The major tactic the forum uses is to（分数：2.00）A.battle the racial preferences in court.B.support colleges involved in lawsuits of racismC.strive to settle this poli
17、tical debate nationwide.D.find legally viable ways to ensure minority admissions.(5).If the 10% rule is applied,（分数：2.00）A.the best white high school students can get into colleges.B.public universities can get excellent students.C.students from poor rural families can go to colleges.D.good minority
18、 students can get into public universities.Positive surprises from government reports on retail sales, industrial production, and housing in the past few months are leading economists to revise their real gross domestic product forecasts upward, supporting the notion that the recession ended in Dece
19、mber or January. Bear in mind: This recovery won“t have the vitality normally associated with an upturn. Economists now expect real GDP growth of about 1.5% in the first quarter. That“s better than the 0.4% the consensus projected in December, but much of the additional growth will come from a slowe
20、r pace of inventory drawdowns, not from surging demand. Moreover, the economy won“t grow fast enough to help the labor markets much. The only good news there is that jobless claims have fallen back from their spike after September 11 and that their current level suggests the pace of layoffs is easin
21、g. The recovery also does not mean the Federal Reserve will raise interest rates soon. The January price indexes show that inflation remains tame. Consequently, the Fed can take its time shifting monetary policy from extreme accommodation to relative neutrality. Perhaps the best news from the latest
22、 economic reports was the January data on industrial production. Total output fell only 0.1%, its best showing since July. Factory output was flat, also the best performance in six months. Those numbers may not sound encouraging, but manufacturers have been in recession since late 2000. The data sug
23、gest that the factory sector is finding a bottom from which to start its recovery. Production of consumer goods, for instance, is almost back up to where it was a year ago. That“s because consumer demand for motor vehicles and other goods and the housing industry remained healthy during the recessio
24、n, and they are still growing in early 2002. Besides, both the monthly homebuilding starts number and the housing market index for the past two months are running above their averages for all of 2001, suggesting that homebuilding is off to a good start and probably won“t be a big drag on GDP growth
25、this year. Equally important to the outlook is how the solid housing market will help demand for home-related goods and services. Traditionally, consumers buy the bulk of their furniture, electronics and textiles within a year of purchasing their homes. Thus, spending on such items will do well this
26、 year, even as car sales slip now that incentives are less attractive. Look for the output of consumer goods to top year-ago levels in coming months. Even the business equipment sector seems to have bottomed out. Its output rose 0.4% in January, led by a 0.6% jump computer gear. A pickup in orders f
27、or capital goods in the fourth quarter suggests that production will keep increasingalthough at a relaxed pacein coming months.（分数：10.00）(1).American economists are surprised to see that（分数：2.00）A.their government is announcing the end of a recession.B.US economy is showing some signs of an upturn s
28、o soon.C.some economic sectors have become leading industries.D.they have to revise the product forecasts so often.(2).The most encouraging fact about the US economy is that（分数：2.00）A.employment rates have risen faster than expected.B.the Federal Reserve will raise interest rates soon.C.GDP is growi
29、ng because of surging demand.D.Industrial production has reached its lowest point.(3).Which of the following best brightens the future of US economy?（分数：2.00）A.Business equipment.B.Computer gear.C.Housing market.D.Motor vehicles.(4).In spite of the good news, the author sounds relatively more reserv
30、ed about（分数：2.00）A.national GDP growth.B.price indexes.C.output of consumer goods.D.the number of layoffs.(5).Which of the following best summarizes the LT. S. economic situation today?（分数：2.00）A.All the data still show a bleak year in 2002.B.It is slowly warming up with moderate growth.C.Recession
31、may come back anytime in the coming months.D.Most sectors are picking up at a surprisingly fast pace.Timothy Berners-Lee, might be giving Bill Gates a run for the money, but he passed up his shot at fabulous wealthintentionallyin 1990. That“s when he decided not to patent the technology used to crea
32、te the most important software innovation in the final decade of the 20th century: the World Wide Web. Berners-Lee wanted to make the world a richer place, not amass personal wealth. So he gave his brainchild to us all. Berners-Lee regards today“s Web as a rebellious adolescent that can never fulfil
33、l his original expectations. By 2005, he hopes to begin replacing it with the Semantic Weba smart network that will finally understand human languages and make computers virtually as easy to work with as other humans. As envisioned by Berners-Lee, the new Web would understand not only the meaning of
34、 words and concepts but also theological relationships among them. That has awesome potential. Most knowledge is built on two pillars: semantic and mathematics. In number-crunching, computers already outclass people. Machines that are equally admit at dealing with language and reason won“t just help
35、 people uncover new insights; they could blaze new trails on their own. Even with a fairly crude version of this future Web, mining online repositories for nuggets of knowledge would no longer force people to wade through screen after screen of extraneous data. Instead, computers would dispatch inte
36、lligent agents, or software messengers, to explore Websites by the thousands and logically sift out just what“s relevant. That alone would provide a major boost in productivity at work and at home. But there“s far more. Software agents could also take on many routine business chores, such as helping
37、 manufacturers find and negotiate with lowest-cost parts suppliers and handling help-desk questions. The Semantic Web would also be a bottomless trove of eureka insights. Most inventions and scientific breakthroughs, including today“s Web, spring from novel combinations of existing knowledge. The Se
38、mantic Web would make it possible to evaluate more combinations overnight than a person could juggle in a lifetime. Sure scientists and other people can post ideas on the Web today for others to read. But with machines doing the reading and translating technical terms, related ideas from millions of
39、 Web pages could be distilled and summarized. That will lift the ability to assess and integrate information to new heights. The Semantic Web, Berners-Lee predicts, “will help more people become more intuitive as well as more analytical. It will foster global collaborations among people with diverse
40、 cultural perspectives, so we have a better chance of finding the right solutions to the really big issueslike the environment and climate warming“.（分数：10.00）(1).Had he liked, Berners-Lee could have（分数：2.00）A.created the most important innovation in the 1990s.B.accumulated as much personal wealth as
41、 Bill Gates.C.patented the technology of Microsoft softwareD.given his brainchild to us all.(2).The Semantic Web will be superior to today“s web in that it（分数：2.00）A.surpasses people in processing numbers.B.fulfills users“ original expectations.C.deals with language and reason as well as number.D.re
42、sponds like a rebellious adult.(3).To search for any information needed on tomorrow“s Web, one only has to（分数：2.00）A.wade through screen after screen of extraneous data.B.ask the Web to dispatch some messengers to his door.C.use smart software programs called “agents“.D.explore Web sites by the thou
43、sands and pick out what“s relevant.(4).Thanks to the Web of the future,（分数：2.00）A.millions of web pages can be translated overnight.B.one can find most inventions and breakthroughs online.C.software manufacturers can lower the cost of computer parts.D.scientists using different specialty terms can c
44、ollaborate much better.(5).The most appropriate title for this text is（分数：2.00）A.Differences Between Two Webs.B.The Humanization of Computer SoftwareC.A New Solution to World Problems.D.The Creator and His Next Creation.4.Part B_In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions
45、41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list (A、B、C、D、E、F、G) to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are several extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. (10 points) Theories of the value of art are of two kinds, which we may call extrinsic and intrinsic. The first regards art
46、and the appreciation of art as means to some recognized moral good, while the second regards them as valuable not instrumentally but as objects unto themselves. It is characteristic of extrinsic theories to locate the value of art in its effects on the person who appreciates it. (41) 1. The extrinsi
47、c approach, adopted in modem times by Leo Tolstoy in What Is Art in 1896, has seldom seemed wholly satisfactory. Philosophers have constantly sought for a value in aesthetic experience that is unique to it and that, therefore, could not be obtained from any other source. The extreme version of this
48、intrinsic approach is that associated with Walter Pater, Oscar Wilde, and the French Symbolists, and summarized in the slogan “art for art“s sake“. (42) 2. Between those two extreme views there lies, once again, a host of intermediate positions. We believe, for example, that works of art must be appreciated for their own sake, but that, in the act of appreciation, we gain from them something that is of independent value. (43) 3. The analogy with laug
