1、考研英语-试卷 18及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_The use of nuclear power has already spread all over the world. (1)_, scientists still
2、have not agreed with what should be done with the large (2)_ of waste materials that (3)_ to increase every year. Most waste materials (4)_ of simply by placing them somewhere. But nuclear waste must be (5)_ with great care. It (6)_ dangerous radiation and it will continue to be (7)_ for hundreds of
3、 thousands, even millions of years. How should we get (8)_ of such waste material in such a way (9)_ it will not harm the (10)_? Where can we (11)_ distribute it? One idea is to put this radioactive waste inside a thick container, which is (12)_ dropped to the deep bottom of the ocean. (13)_ some sc
4、ientists believe that this way of (14)_ nuclear waste could kill fish and other living things in the oceans or interfere (15)_ their growth. Another way to (16)_ nuclear waste is to send it into space, to the sun, (17)_ it would be burned. Other scientists suggest that this polluting material be (18
5、)_ thousands of meters under the earth“s surface. Such underground areas must be free (19)_ possible earthquakes, and advances are being made. But it may still be many years (20)_ this problem could be finally settled.（分数：40.00）A.MoreoverB.ThoughC.ThereforeD.OtherwiseA.numberB.amountsC.sumD.measureA
6、.inclineB.commenceC.tendD.jerkA.drainedB.dumpedC.dischargedD.disposedA.dealtB.handledC.copedD.processedA.drops offB.gives offC.leaves offD.sets offA.efficientB.unfavorableC.deadlyD.painfulA.touchB.holdC.graspD.ridA.soB.whichC.thatD.thusA.environmentB.situationC.locationD.residenceA.reasonablyB.ratio
7、nallyC.regularlyD.safelyA.thenB.evenC.everD.onlyA.AndB.ButC.StillD.TherebyA.scatteringB.preservingC.containingD.discardingA.inB.withC.againstD.atA.removeB.deliverC.transportD.spreadA.whereB.whenC.thereD.whileA.coveredB.depositedC.buriedD.reservedA.fromB.ofC.forD.aboutA.untilB.afterC.beforeD.unless二、
8、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._The long year of food shortage in this country have suddenly given way to apparent abundance. Stores and shops are
9、 choked with food. Rationing(定量供应) is virtually suspended, and overseas suppliers have been asked to hold back deliveries. Yet, instead of joy, there is widespread uneasiness arid confusion. Why do food prices keep on rising, when there seems to be so much more food about? Is the abundance only temp
10、orary, or has it come to stay? Does it mean that we need to think less now about producing more food at home? No one knows what to expect. The recent growth of export-surpluses on the world food market has certainly been unexpectedly great, partly because a strange sequence of two successful grain h
11、arvests in North America is now being followed by a third. Most of Britain“s overseas suppliers of meat, too, are offering more this and home production has also risen. But the effect of all this on the food situation in this country has been made worse by a simultaneous rise in food prices, due chi
12、efly to the gradual cutting down of government support for food. The shops are overstocked with food not only because there is more food available, but also because people, frightened by high prices, are buying less of it. Moreover, the rise in domestic prices has come at a time when world prices ha
13、ve begun to fall, with the result that imported food, with the exception of grain, is often cheaper than the home -produced variety. And now grain prices too are falling. Consumers are beginning to ask why they should not be enabled to benefit from this trend. The significance of these developments
14、is not lost on farmers. The older generation have seen it all happen before. Despite the present price and market guarantees, farmers fear they are about to be squeezed between cheap food imports and a shrinking home market. Present production is running at 51 percent above pre-war levels, and the g
15、overnment has called for an expansion to 60 percent by 1956; but repeated ministerial advice is carrying little weight and the expansion program is not working very well.（分数：10.00）(1).Why does the author mention “there is wide-spread uneasiness and confusion“(Para. 1)?_（分数：2.00）A.The abundant food s
16、upply is not expected to lastB.Britain is importing less foodC.Despite the abundance, food prices keep risingD.Britain will cut back on its production of food(2).It is clear that the main reason for the rise in food prices is that_（分数：2.00）A.people are buying less foodB.the government is providing l
17、ess financial support for agricultureC.domestic food production has decreasedD.imported food is driving prices higher(3).The reason for the government“s expansion program working not so well is_（分数：2.00）A.because the farmers were uncertain about the financial support the government guaranteedB.becau
18、se the farmers were uncertain about the benefits of expanding productionC.because the farmers were uncertain whether foreign markets could be found for their produceD.because the older generation of farmers were strongly against the program(4).The drop of the world food prices was a result of_（分数：2.
19、00）A.a sharp fall in the purchasing power of the consumersB.a sharp fait in the cost of food productionC.the overproduction of food in the food-importing countriesD.the overproduction on the part of the main food-exporting countries(5).The future for Britain“s food production at that time looked lik
20、e that（分数：2.00）A.the fall in world food prices would benefit British food producersB.an expansion of food production was at handC.British food producers would receive more government financial supportD.it looks depressing despite government guaranteesAn English schoolboy would only ask his friend: “
21、Wassa time, then?“ To his teacher he would be much more likely to speak in a more standardized accent and ask: “Excuse me, sir may I have the correct time please?“ People are generally aware that the phrases and expressions they use are different from those of earlier generations; but they concede l
22、ess that their own behavior also varies according to the situation in which they find themselves; People have characteristic ways of talking, which are relatively stable across varying situations. Nevertheless, distinct contexts, and different listeners, demand different patterns of speech from one
23、and the same speaker. Not only this, but, in many cases, the way someone speaks affects the response of the person to whom he is speaking in such a way that “modeling“ is seen to occur. This is what Michael Argyle has called “response matching“. Several studies have shown that, the more one reveals
24、about oneself in ordinary conversation, and the more intimate these details are, the more personal secrets the other person will divulge. Response matching, has, in fact, been noted between two speakers in a number of ways, including how long someone speaks, the length of pauses, speech rate and voi
25、ce loudness. The correspondence between the length of reporters questions when interviewing President Kennedy, and the length of his replies has been shown to have increased over the duration of his 19611963 news conferences. Argyle says this process may be one of “imitation“. Two American researche
26、rs, Jaffe and Feldstein, prefer to think of it as the speaker“s need for equilibrium. Neither of these explanations seems particularly convincing. It may be that response matching can be more profitably considered as an unconscious reflection of speakers“ needs for social integration with one anothe
27、r. This process of modeling the other person“s speech in a conversation could also be termed speech convergence. It may only be one aspect of a much wider speech change. In other situations, speech divergence may occur when certain factors encourage a person to modify his speech away from the indivi
28、dual he is dealing with. For example, a retired brigadier“s wife, renowned for her incessant snobbishness, may return her vehicle to the local garage because of inadequate servicing, voicing her complaint in elaborately phrased, yet mechanically unsophisticated(不老练的) language, with a high soft-pitch
29、ed voice. These superior airs and graces may simply make the mechanic reply with a flourish of almost incomprehensible technicalities, and in a louder, more deeply-pitched voice than he would have used with a less irritating customer.（分数：10.00）(1).What does the example of the English schoolboy in pa
30、ragraph 1 indicate?_（分数：2.00）A.Nowadays, English schoolboys are impolite towards people except towards their teachersB.The way of asking time is different from that of earlier generationsC.People“s speaking styles vary according to the different situationsD.People“s ways of speaking are relatively s
31、table on varying occasions(2).In Paragraph 2, several studies have shown that the more_, the more personalsecrets“ one person will divulge.（分数：2.00）A.intimate their relationship isB.ordinary their conversation isC.quick the other“s response isD.personal secrets the other person reveals(3).According
32、to the passage, what is the probable reason for the longer replies of PresidentKennedy?_（分数：2.00）A.The reporters asked some difficult and embarrassing questionsB.President Kennedy unconsciously sought social integration with other peopleC.President Kennedy was imitating the reportersD.President Kenn
33、edy preferred talking equilibrium in his conversation(4).The mechanic address from the retired brigadier“s wife is an example of_（分数：2.00）A.response matchingB.speech convergenceC.speech divergenceD.need for equilibrium(5).Which of the following can be an appropriate heading for the passage?_（分数：2.00
34、）A.Different Patterns of Speech in Different SituationsB.Response Matching and Speech DivergenceC.Social Integration or ImitationD.Ways of Speaking Present and PastA father“s relationship to his child“s current and future academic success and the level of his or her development in academic potential
35、 and scholastic achievement are both factors with some rather interesting implications that educators are beginning to study and appraise. As a matter of fact, “life with father“, has been discovered to be a very important factor in determining a child“s progress or lack of progress in school. A rec
36、ent survey of over 16,000 children made by the National Child Development Study in London, England, revealed that children whose fathers came to school conferences and accompanied their children on outings did measurably better in school than did those children x, hose fathers were not involved in t
37、hese activities. The study, which monitored children born during a week in March, 1958, from the time of their birth through the years of their early schooling, further revealed that the children of actively involved fathers scored as much as seven months higher in reading and maths than did those c
38、hildren whose only involved parent was the mother. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the role played by fathers in the raising of a child. It indicated a much higher level of parental involvement by the father than had been anticipated. Over 66% of the fathers were said to have played a major
39、 role in parental responsibility. The study also suggested that the greatest level of parental parenting took place in the families of only children. As the number of children and financial obligations increased, the father“s apparent interest and involvement with the children decreased. However, no
40、 matter what the size of financial condition of the family, a father“s active participation in the child“s development made great difference in the children“s progress. The study further revealed that while the frequency of overnight absences reflected a corresponding deficiency of the child“s level
41、 in maths and reading, a father“s employment on late shifts appeared to have little effect on the child“s academic progress. The data from the study was obtained primarily through interviews with parents, teachers and physicians. The information evaluating the level of the father“s parenting perform
42、ance was elicited primarily from the admittedly subjective observations of their wives.（分数：10.00）(1).It was implied from the passage that_（分数：2.00）A.children in large families tend to do poorly in schoolB.a father“s influence played a significant factor in the level of the child“s academic progressC
43、.mothers were subjective in evaluating the roles played by fathersD.there is a correlation between socio-economic status and scholastic achievement(2).The data accumulated was obtained through_（分数：2.00）A.observation by social psychologistsB.conversations with mothers of the childrenC.interviews, sch
44、ool records and physicians“ reportsD.observation of fathers with their children(3).All of the children studied_（分数：2.00）A.attended the same schoolB.lived in the same neighborhoodC.were in the same socio-economic classD.were the same age(4).Children who generally tended to progress academically were_
45、（分数：2.00）A.those whose mothers gave them more affectionB.children who had been given a balanced dietC.those whose fathers worked the night shiftD.those who had no brothers or- sisters(5).Evidence indicated that a high percentage of fathers were involved in the parenting process,which amounted to_（分数
46、：2.00）A.about two-thirds of the fathers involved in the studyB.a little less than one hundred percent of all fathersC.slightly less than half of the fathers studiedD.more than three-quarters of all the fathersA lot of people believe that television has a harmful effect on children. A few years ago,
47、the same criticisms were made of the cinema. But although child psychologists have spent a great deal of time studying this problem, there is not much evidence that “television brings about juvenile delinquency. Few people in the modern world share the views of parents a hundred years ago. In those
48、days, writers for children carefully avoided any reference to sex in their books but had no inhibitions about including scenes of violence. These days children are often brought up to think freely about sex but violence is discouraged. Nevertheless, television companies receive a large number of letters every week complain about programmes with adults themes being shown at times when a few young children may be awake. Strangely enough, the parents who complain about these prog
