1、考研英语-试卷 215及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Broadly speaking, the Englishman is a quiet, shy, reserved person who is fully (1)_ on
2、ly among people he knows well. In the presence of strangers or foreigners he often seems inhibited, (2)_ embarrassed. You have only to (3)_ a com muter train any morning or evening to see the truth of this. Serious-looking businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers or dozing in a corner; no
3、one speaks. In fact, to do so would seem most usual. (4)_, there is here an unwritten but clearly understood code of behavior which, (5)_ broken, makes the person immediately the object of (6)_. It is a well-known fact that the English have a (7)_ for the discussion of their weather and that, given
4、half a chance, they will talk about it (8)_. Some people argue that it is because English weather (9)_ forecast and hence is a source of interest and (10)_ to everyone. This may be so. (11)_ Englishmen cannot have much (12)_ in the weathermen, who, after promising fine, sunny weather for the followi
5、ng day, are often proved wrong (13)_ a cloud over the Atlantic brings rainy weather m all districts! The man in the street seems to be as accurateor as inaccurateas the weathermen in his (14)_. The overseas visitors may be excused for showing surprise at the number of references (15)_ weather that t
6、he English make to each other in the course of a single day. Very often conversational greetings are (16)_ by comments on the weather. “Nice day, isn“t it?“ “Beautiful!“ may well be heard instead of “Good morning, how are you?“. (17)_ the foreigner may consider this exaggerated and comic, it is wort
7、hwhile pointing out that it could be used to his advantage. (18)_ he wants to start a conversation With an Englishman but is (19)_ to know where to begin, he could do well to mention the state of the weather. It is a safe subject which will (20)_ an answer from even the most reserved of Englishmen.（
8、分数：40.00）A.entertainedB.relaxedC.amusedD.enlightenedA.yetB.otherwiseC.evenD.thoughA.experienceB.undergoC.travelD.witnessA.ObviouslyB.ContrarilyC.FrequentlyD.PracticallyA.unlessB.ifC.whileD.as ifA.suspicionB.oppositionC.attackD.studyA.passionB.fancyC.necessityD.judgementA.at lengthB.to a great extent
9、C.from their heartD.by all meansA.followsB.predictsC.defiesD.violatesA.contributionB.deductionC.contemplationD.speculationA.StillB.AlsoC.CertainlyD.FundamentallyA.faithB.relianceC.honorD.creditA.ifB.onceC.whenD.whereasA.prepositionsB.predictionsC.approvalD.defianceA.aboutB.onC.as toD.toA.replacedB.c
10、onductedC.executedD.proposedA.SinceB.AlthoughC.HoweverD.BeforeA.Even ifB.BecauseC.IfD.ForA.at a lossB.at lastC.in factD.on the occasionA.stimulateB.constituteC.furnishD.provoke二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts.
11、 Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._Have you ever been afraid to talk back when you were treated unfairly? Have you ever bought something just because the salesman talked you into it? Are you afraid to ask someone for a date? Many people are afraid to assert themselves, D
12、r. Alberti, author of Stand Up, Speak Out, and Talk Back, thinks it“s because their self-respect is low. “Our whole set-up is designed to make people distrust themselves,“ says Alberti, “There“s always “superior“ around a parent, a teacher, a boss who “knows better“. There superiors often gain when
13、they chip away at your self-image.“ But Alberti and other scientists are doing something to help people assert themselves. They offer “assertiveness training“ courses, AT for short. In the AT courses people learn that they have a right to be themselves. They learn to speak out and feel good about do
14、ing so. They learn to be more active without hurting other people. In one way, learning to speak out is to overcome fear. A group taking an AT course will help the timid person to lose his fear. But, AT uses an even stronger motivethe need to share. The timid person speaks out in the group because h
15、e wants to tell how he feels. Whether or not you speak up for yourself depends on your self-image. If someone you face is more “important“ than you, you may feel less of a person. You start to doubt your own good sense. You go by the other person “s demand. But, why should you? AT says you can get t
16、o feel good about yourself. And once you do, you can learn to speak out.（分数：10.00）(1).As used the first line, the phrase “talk back“ means _.（分数：2.00）A.persuade somebody to change his mindB.answer showing disagreementC.talk and go backD.fight bravely(2).The passage mainly discusses the problem that
17、_.（分数：2.00）A.people are easily cheated when they buy somethingB.people are afraid to speak for themselvesC.some people think too low of themselvesD.some people are afraid of superiors(3).We may infer from the passage that the author“s attitude towards the whole set-up is _.（分数：2.00）A.positiveB.negat
18、iveC.hostileD.appreciative(4).One thing that “Assertiveness Training“ does not do is _.（分数：2.00）A.help people overcome fearB.show people they have a right to be themselvesC.help people to assert themselves even if others sufferD.help people to feel good about themselves(5).A best title for this pass
19、age is _.（分数：2.00）A.Assertiveness TrainingB.Development of Self-respectC.The Importance of Self-imageD.How to Feel Good About YourselfFaces, like fingerprints, are unique. Did you ever wonder how it is possible for us to recognize people? Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the fea
20、tures that make one face different from another. Yet a very young childor even an animal, such as a pigeoncan learn to recognize faces. We all take this ability for granted. We also tell people apart by how they behave. When we talk about someone“s personality, we mean the ways in which he or she ac
21、ts, speaks, thinks and feels that make that individual different from others. Like the human face, human personality is very complex. But describing someone“s personality in words is somewhat easier than describing his face. If you were asked to describe what a “nice face“ looked like, you probably
22、would have a difficult time doing so. But if you were asked to describe a “nice person,“ you might begin to think about someone who was kind, considerate, friendly, warm, and so forth. There are many words to describe how a person thinks, feels and acts. Gordon, an American psychologist, found nearl
23、y 18,000 English words characterizing differences in people“s behavior. And many of us use this information as a basis for describing, or typing, his personality. Bookworms, conservatives, military typespeople are described with such terms. People have always tried to “type“ each other. Actors in ea
24、rly Greek drama wore masks to show the audience whether they played the villain“s(坏人) or the hero“s role. In fact, the words “person“ and “personality“ come from the Latin persona, meaning “mask.“ Today, most television and movie actors do not wear masks. But we can easily tell the “good guys“ from
25、the “bad guys“ because the two types differ in appearance as well as in actions.（分数：10.00）(1).The main idea of this passage is _.（分数：2.00）A.how to distinguish people“s facesB.how to describe people“s personalityC.how to distinguish people both inward and outwardD.how to differ good persons from bad
26、persons(2).The author is most probably a _.（分数：2.00）A.behavioristB.psychologistC.writerD.sociologist(3).Which of the following is NOT true?（分数：2.00）A.Different people may have different personalities.B.People differ from each in appearance.C.People can learn to recognize faces.D.People can describe
27、all the features of others.(4).The reason why it is easier to describe a person“s personality in words than his face is that _.（分数：2.00）A.a person“s face is more complex than his personalityB.a person“s personality is easily distinguishedC.people“s personalities are very MikeD.many words are availab
28、le when people try to describe one“s personality(5).We learn from the passage that people classify a person into certain type according to _.（分数：2.00）A.his way of acting and thinkingB.his way of speaking and behavingC.his learning and behaviorD.his physical appearance and his personalityMost young p
29、eople enjoy some form of physical activity. It may be walking, cycling or swimming, or in winter, skating or skiing; it may be a game of some kind: football, hockey, golf, or tennis; it may be mountaineering. Those who have a passion for climbing high and difficult mountains are often looked upon wi
30、th astonishment. Why are men and women willing to suffer cold and hardship, and to take risks on high mountains? This astonishment is caused probably by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activity to which men give their leisure. Mountaineering is a sport and not a game. There
31、are no man-made rules, as there are for such games as golf and football. There are, of course, rules of a different kind which it would be dangerous to ignore, but it is this freedom from man-made rules that makes mountaineering attractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to use th
32、eir own methods. If we compare mountaineering and other more familiar sports, we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a “team game“. We should be mistaken in this. There are, it is true, no “matches“ between “teams“ of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linke
33、d by a rope on which their lives may depend, there is obviously team work. The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronger and more powerful than man. He has to fight the forces of nature. His sport requires high mental and physical qualities. A mountain climber continu
34、es to improve in skill year after year. A skier is probably past his best by the age of thirty, and most international tennis champions are in their early twenties. But it is no unusual for a man of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps. They may take more time than younger men,
35、but they probably climb with more skill and less waste of effort, and they certainly experience equal enjoyment.（分数：10.00）(1).Mountaineering is a sport which involves _.（分数：2.00）A.hardshipB.coldC.physical riskD.all of the above(2).The main difference between a sport and a game lies in _.（分数：2.00）A.u
36、niformB.activityC.rulesD.skills(3).Mountaineering is also a team sport because _.（分数：2.00）A.it involves rulesB.it involves matches between teamsC.it requires mental and physical qualitiesD.mountaineers depend on each other while climbing(4).Which of the following is true?（分数：2.00）A.Mountaineers comp
37、ete against each other.B.Mountaineers compete against other teams.C.Mountaineers compete against nature.D.Mountaineers compete against international standard.(5).What is the best title for the passage?（分数：2.00）A.MountaineeringB.Mountain ClimbersC.Mountaineering Is Different from Golf and FootballD.M
38、ountaineering Is More Dangerous than Other SportsThere is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling. No school I have taught in has ever ignored spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill. There are, however, vastly different ideas about how to teac
39、h it, or how much priority it must be given over general language development and writing ability. The problem is how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with the complexities of spelling? If spelling became the only focal point of his t
40、eacher“s interest, clearly a bright child will be likely to “play safe“. He will tend to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to avoid adventurous language. That“s teachers often en courage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability. I wa
41、s once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal experience: “This work is terrible! There are far too many spelling errors and technical abilities in writing“. But it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had such feelings. The teacher was not wrong to dr
42、aw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centered on the child“s ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation(动力) to seek improvement.（分数：10.00）(1).Teachers are different in their opinions about _.（分数：2.00）A.the necessity of
43、 teaching spellingB.the role of spelling in general language developmentC.the way of teaching spellingD.the complexities of the basic writing skills(2).As used in the second paragraph, the expression “play safe“ most probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.to spell correctlyB.to write smoothlyC.to avoid using w
44、ords one is not sure ofD.to use dictionaries frequently(3).Teachers encourage the students to use dictionaries so that _.（分数：2.00）A.students will be able to write more freelyB.students will be more skillful in writingC.students will be more confident in writingD.students will be independent enough(4
45、).The author“s tone is _.（分数：2.00）A.ironicB.practicalC.satiricalD.critical(5).This passage mainly discusses _.（分数：2.00）A.the necessity of spellingB.the role of developing writing skillsC.the complexities of spellingD.the relationship between spelling and the content of writing4.Part B_You are going
46、to read a list of headings and a text about maples. Choose the most suitable heading from the list for each numbered paragraph. The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use.A. The influence of maples on the Canadian culture.B. Th
47、e token of maples in Canada.C. Contemplation of global distribution of maples.D. The triumph of Nokomis over the devils with the help of maples.E. The popularity of the maple in a favorite myth.F. The maple signals the approach of fall. The maple smoke of autumn bonfires is incense to Canadians. Bes
48、towing perfume for the nose, color for the eye, sweetness for the spring tongue, the sugar maple prompts this sharing of a favorite myth and original etymology of the word maple. (41) 1. The maple looms large in Ojibwa folk tales. The time of year for sugaring-off is “in the Maple Moon.“ Among Ojibwa, the primordial female figure is Nokomis, a wise grandmother. In one ta
