1、考研英语-试卷 51及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Health implies. more than physical fitness. It also implies mental and emotional wellbe
2、ing. An angry, frustrated, emotionally (1)_ person in good physical condition is not (2)_ healthy. Mental health, therefore, has much to do (3)_ how a person copes with the world as it exists. Many of the factors that (4)_ physical health also affect mental and emotional well-being. Having a good se
3、lf-image means that people have positive (5)_ pictures and good positive feelings about themselves, about what they are capable (6)_, and about the roles they play. People with good self-images like themselves, and they are (7)_ like others. Having a good self- image is based (8)_ a realistic (9)_ o
4、f one“s own worth and value and capabilities. Stress is an unavoidable, necessary, and potentially healthful (10)_ of our society. People of all ages (11)_ stress. Children begin to (12)_ stress during prenatal development and during childbirth. Examples of stress-inducing (13)_ in the life of a you
5、ng person are death of a pet, pressure to (14)_ academically, the divorce of parents, or joining a new youth group. The different ways in which individuals (15)_ to stress may bring healthful or unhealthy results. One person experiencing a great deal of stress may function exceptionally well (16)_ a
6、nother may be unable to function at all. If stressful situations are continually encountered, the individual“s physical, social, and mental health are eventually affected. Satisfying social relations are vital to (17)_ mental and emotional health. It is believed that in order to (18)_, develop, and
7、maintain effective and fulfilling social relationships people must (19)_ the ability to know and trust each other, understand each other, influence, and help each other. They must also be capable of (20)_ conflicts in a constructive way.（分数：40.00）A.unstableB.unsureC.impreciseD.impracticalA.normallyB
8、.generallyC.virtuallyD.necessarilyA.onB.atC.toD.withA.signifyB.influenceC.predictD.markA.intellectualB.sensualC.spiritualD.mentalA.to be doingB.with doingC.to doD.of doingA.able better toB.able to betterC.better to ableD.better able toA.onB.fromC.atD.aboutA.assessmentB.decisionC.determinationD.assis
9、tanceA.idealityB.realizationC.realismD.realityA.occurB.engageC.confrontD.encounterA.tolerateB.sustainC.experienceD.undertakeA.evidenceB.accidentsC.adventuresD.eventsA.acquireB.achieveC.obtainD.fulfillA.respondB.returnC.retortD.replyA.whyB.whenC.whileD.whereA.soundB.all-roundC.entireD.wholeA.illumina
10、teB.enunciateC.enumerateD.initiateA.accessB.assessC.processD.possessA.resolvingB.salutingC.dissolvingD.solving二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._I
11、don“t know if there“s something in the water, but my town has exploded with tons of single people! Just last year, practically the only eligibles I knew were my divorced friend Patti, my bud Fulgencio, hubby Rick“s barfly pat Craig, and Jimmy the pizza delivery guy. But now, I find out that my cousi
12、n Michelle is leaving her second husband, and a recent chit-chat with my building“s manager Sandy revealed that she hasn“t had a serious relationship in almost five years! Besides that, at least five suspected singletons have moved into my building since June. Five! For an incurable romantic like me
13、, this is heartbreaking. People are meant to have sweeties! I feel so sorry for single people. How can they bear going through life alone? I know a lot of them put up that “independent“ front, or use that “I“m just waiting for the right person“ defense, but they“re kidding themselves. Why would anyo
14、ne turn up her nose at the prospect of a beautiful wedding, a gorgeous bridal gown, and a stunning rock on her finger? She wouldn“t. Why would anyone shake a stick at a warm dinner every night, a comfortable home, and a beautiful bride? It just isn“t rational. And I don“t like to be harsh, but frank
15、ly, it“s depressing to see singles out in public. When I see a girl shopping for groceries by herself, or a solitary guy reading while he waits for a bus, I can“t help but sense the hollowness that single person feels inside. I“m partially psychic, so I“m aware of other people“s inner feelings. Well
16、, this Valentine“s Day, I“m not going to be selfish. People like me, people in successful, lasting relationships, are duty-bound to share their romantic wisdom with the less fortunate. Granted, it“s been a while since I“ve been on the dating Scene, so my chops are a bit rusty. In fact, hubby Rick is
17、 just about the only guy I“ve ever dated (Unless you count my pick for the Sadie Hawkins dance in seventh grade, Jordy DeVoe, who ditched me after about 15 minutes. Or this Oriental kid named Thant who wrapped love notes around lunchroom cookies and slipped them into my locker in ninth grade.) But R
18、ick and I have been married nearly 20 years, so I must be doing something right. Dry those tears, Singletons! Pull your-selves together and listen to Wifey Jean. If you follow my advice, I“ll bet you dollars to donuts that you“ll find your Prince Charming, or Princess Enchanting, in no time!（分数：10.0
19、0）(1).What does the author mean by “I don“t know if there is something in the water“ (Line 1. Paragraph 1)?（分数：2.00）A.She is not sure whether her water is too dirty to drink.B.She is not sure whether something is wrong in the water system.C.She is not sure why being single is so pervasive in her tow
20、n.D.She is not sure why single people move to her town.(2).The examples of her cousin Michelle and the building“s manager are used to show _.（分数：2.00）A.many people choose divorce to solve their emotional problems.B.women are not satisfied with their marriage:C.many people are not confident in seriou
21、s relationships.D.more people are becoming loveless singles.(3).What does the author think of those single people?（分数：2.00）A.They are using excuses to cheat themselves.B.They should be sorry for being single.C.They don“t like weddings, because they are expensive.D.They reject staying in a comfortabl
22、e home with a beautiful bride.(4).Why does the author want to share her “romantic wisdom“ with the singletons?（分数：2.00）A.She wants to give it to the singletons as a Valentine Gift.B.She thinks it is her responsibility to help them.C.She feels that she has been very selfish before.D.She wants to revi
23、ve her feelings of dating a long time ago.(5).From the text we can tell that the author is a very _ person.（分数：2.00）A.hospitable and kindB.clever and faithfulC.sensitive and caringD.unselfish and tactfulGenghis Khan was not one to agonize over gender roles. He was into sex and power, and he didn“t m
24、ind saying so. “The greatest joy a man can know is to conquer his enemies and drive them before him“. The emperor once thundered. Genghis Khan conquered two thirds of the known world during the early 13th century and he may have set an all-time record for what biologists call reproductive success. A
25、n account written 33 years after his death credited him with 20,000 descendants. Men“s manners have improved markedly since Genghis Khan“s day. At heart, though, we“re the same animals we were 800 years ago, which is to say we are status seekers. We may talk of equality and fraternity. We may strive
26、 for classless societies. But we go right on building hierarchies, and jockeying for status within them. Can we abandon the tendency? Probably not. As scientists are now discovering, status seeking is not just a habit or a cultural tradition. It“s a design feature of the male psychea biological driv
27、e that is rooted in the nervous system and regulated by hormones and brain chemicals. How do we know this relentless one-upmanship is a biological endowment? Anthropologists find the same pattern virtually everywhere they look and so do zoologists. Male competition is fierce among crickets, crayfish
28、 and elephants, and it“s ubiquitous among higher primates, for example, male chimpanzees have an extraordinarily strong drive for dominance. Coincidence? Evolutionists don“t think so. From their perspective, life is essentially a race to repro-duke, and natural selection is bound to favor different
29、strategies in different organisms. In reproductive terms, they have vastly more to gain from it. A female can“t flood the gene pool by commandeering extra mates; no matter how much sperm she attracts, she is unlikely to produce more than a dozen viable offspring. But as Genghis Khan“s exploits make
30、clear, males can profit enormously by out mating their peers. It“s not hard to see how that dynamic, played out over millions of years, would leave modern men fretting over status. We“re built from the genes that the most determined competitors passed down. Fortunately, we don“t aspire to families o
31、f 800. As monogamy and contraceptives may have leveled the reproductive playfield, power has become its own psychological reward. Those who achieve high status still enjoy more sex with more partners than the rest of us, and the reason is no mystery. Researchers have consistently found that women fa
32、vor signs of “earning capacity“ over good looks. For sheer sex appeal, a doughy(脸色苍白的) bald guy in a Rolex will outscore a stud(非常英俊的男子) in a Burger King uniform almost every time.（分数：10.00）(1).Genghis Khan is mentioned in the text to show _.（分数：2.00）A.that he is a man who enjoys great victory m pos
33、sessing land.B.the astonishing number of his offspring in the world.C.how cruel and arrogant an emperor can be in the past.D.males have a long history of craving for power.(2).By saying “At heart, though, we“re the same animals we were 800 years ago. the author means that _.（分数：2.00）A.males have not
34、 changed a lot in their pursuit of status.B.males are always willing to conquer large areas of land.C.males are still striving hard for equality and classless societies.D.males are still agonizing over their gender roles.(3).It can be inferred from the third paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.men are the o
35、nly animals striving for control.B.chimpanzees are even more fierce in their strive for dominance.C.all mate animals share the same desire for higher status.D.males of lower primates do not have fierce competition.(4).The reason underlying male dominance tendency in evolution terms seems to be close
36、ly related to _.（分数：2.00）A.the biological differences of organisms.B.the availability of large number of females.C.the mating patterns of females.D.the natural desire to produce offspring.(5).Why a doughy bald guy in a blue blazer and a Rolex will outscore a handsome young man in a Burger King unifo
37、rm?（分数：2.00）A.Because the bald guy in Rolex is more experienced than the stud in a Burger King uniform.B.Because women love fashionable bald guy more than a man wearing uniform.C.Because a doughy bald guy is more sexy to some women than a handsome young man.D.Because a Rolex represents larger earnin
38、g capacity than a uniform.No blueprint exists for transforming an economy from one with a great deal of government control to one based almost solely on free market principles. Yet the experience of the United Kingdom since 1979 clearly shows one approach that works: privatization, in which under-pe
39、rforming state-owned are sold to private companies. By 1979, the total amount of debt, liabilities, and losses for state-controlled enterprises in the UK topped 3 billion annually. By selling off many of these companies, particularly those in the depressed industrial sector, the government decreased
40、 its debt burden and ceased pumping public funds into money losing enterprises. According to government spokesperson Alistair McBride, “Far from past practice of throwing good money after bad, the Queen“s government this year expects to take in 34 billion from the proceeds of the sale“. That, say so
41、me analysts, may only be the beginning. Privatization has not only been credited with rescuing whole industries but the nation“s economy to boot. Due to increased tax revenues from the newly privatized companies along with a rebound in the overall economy, economic forecasters predict that Britain w
42、ill be able to repay nearly 12.5% of the net national debt within two years. That is good news indeed for the economy as a whole at a time when many sectors are desperate for any ray of sunshine. British Airways this week announced a 20% jump in overall ticket sales and profits over this quarter a y
43、ear ago. British Gas announced its first profitable quarter in nine years. At Associated British Ports, a new labor contract was finalized, the first union contract signed at the port without a work stoppage in twelve years. Closer to home for most Britons, the nation“s phone service, British Teleco
44、m, no longer puts new subscribers on a waiting list. Prior to privatization, new customers would sometimes have to wait months before phone service could be installed in their home. Now, according to a company press release, British Telecom is promising 24-hour turnaround for all new customers. Part
45、 of this improved productivity has to do with new efforts to allow employees to hold a stake in the company“s future. Companies now give their employees stock options that allow employees to share in the company“s success (and profits). The response has been enthusiastic to say the least. At British
46、 Aerospace; 89% of those eligible to buy company shares did so. At British Telecom nearly 92% of eligible employees took part. Finally, at Associated British Ports, long synonymous with union disagreements, walkouts, and labor strife, almost 90% of employees now can call themselves owners of the com
47、pany. “When people have a personal stake in something“, said Henry Dundee of Associated British Ports, “they think about it, they care about, they work to make it prosper“. At the National Freight Consortium, itself no stranger to labor problems, the new employee-owners actually voted down an employ
48、ee pay-increase and, pressured union representatives to relax demands for increased wages and expanded benefits. “Privatization was only the start“, says one market analyst, “what we may have here is a new industrial revolution“.（分数：10.00）(1).UK“s experience in 1979 demonstrates that _.（分数：2.00）A.government control can be based on free market principles.B.privatization is the only way out for UK“s economic development.C.state-owned enterprises can benefit a lot from privatization.D.a major transformation in economic s
