1、考研英语-试卷 163 及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Your eye is a window on the nerves and blood vessels, revealing vital information abo
2、ut your entire body. An (1)_ exam starts from the outside and works in. First the ophthalmologist(眼科医生) gauges (2)_ with the familiar wall chart and checks visual field by moving objects in and out of (3)_. A limited visual field could be the (4)_ of the high inner eye pressure of glaucoma(青光眼)or (5
3、)_ a tumor pressing on nerves leading from the eye. The physician also checks for infection around the lashes and notes how fast the lids follow the eyes downward. Lid lag sometimes (6)_ thyroid disease(甲状腺疾病). If one pupil contracts (7)_ the other doesn“t, the physician is (8)_ to the fact that (9)
4、_ a tumor or stroke, perhaps, has damaged the nerves between the eye and brain. A tumor as far away (10)_ the lung can cause capillary problems by hitting a nerve that loops through the neck. The white of the eye, tear ducts, lens and retina(视网膜) are checked for (11)_ of trouble. Too many white bloo
5、d cells (12)_ inflammation, blood means tissue has tom or a vessel has burst, and deposits of (13)_ material can mean eye disease. The orange-red retina holds many more (14)_ for disease detection. High blood pressure may announce its (15)_ by pushing the vessels off track at their intersections. (1
6、6)_ vessel growth is a sign of diabetic retinopathy(糖尿病性视网膜病). Narrowed vessels may indicate (17)_ of the arteries, and damage to tiny capillaries could be a sign of early diabetes. The doctor even examines the pin-head-size hole in the back of the optic nerve on their way to the brain. (18)_ the ap
7、pearance of these nerve fibers is abnormal, nerve tissue may have been damaged because of intraocular pressure, indicating glaucoma or the presence of a tumor. When a physician needs quick, (19)_ information about the body, the eyes have (20)_.（分数：40.00）A.entireB.intactC.eyeD.informativeA.temperatur
8、eB.healthC.fieldD.visionA.scopeB.limitC.rangeD.itA.resultB.effectC.indicationD.sequenceA.withB.ofC.havingD.fromA.illustratesB.illuminatesC.pointsD.indicatesA.butB.whenC.orD.asA.alarmedB.warnedC.alertedD.convincedA.anythingB.everythingC.factorD.somethingA.inB.asC.toD.tillA.signsB.signalsC.gesturesD.s
9、ymbolsA.effectB.inferC.signifyD.causeA.exoticB.foreignC.fancyD.strangeA.informationB.phenomenonC.materialsD.cluesA.presenceB.arrivalC.newsD.rightA.wholesomeB.versatileC.abnormalD.unlawfulA.velocityB.hardeningC.solidifyingD.despairA.ThatB.HowC.IfD.ButA.reliableB.trustworthyC.dependentD.grandA.themB.t
10、ooC.manyD.it二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._Imagine being asked to spend twelve or so years of your life in a society which consisted only of me
11、mbers of your own sex. How would you react? Unless there was something definitely wrong with you, you wouldn“t be too happy about it, to say the least. It is all the more surprising, therefore, that so many parents in the world choose to impose such abnormal conditions on their childrenconditions wh
12、ich they themselves wouldn“t put up with for one minute! Any discussion of this topic is bound to question the aims of education. Stuffing children“s heads full of knowledge is far from being foremost among them. One of the chief aims of education is to equip future citizens with all they require to
13、 take their place in adult society. Now adult society is made up of men and women, so how can a segregated school possibly offer the right sort of preparation for it? Anyone entering adult society after years of segregation can only be in for a shock. A co-educational school offers children nothing
14、less than a true version of society in miniature. Boys and girls are given the opportunity to get to know each other, to learn to live together from their earliest years. They are put in a position where they can compare themselves with each other in terms of academic ability, athletic achievement a
15、nd many of the extra-curricular activities which are part of school life. What a practical advantage it is (to give just a small example) to be able to put on a school play in which the male parts will be taken by boys and the female parts by girls! What nonsense, boys and girls are made to feel tha
16、t they are a race apart. Rivalry between the sexes is fostered. In a co-educational school, everything falls into its proper place. But perhaps the greatest contribution of co-education is the healthy attitude to life it encourages. Boys don“t grow up believing that women are mysterious creaturesair
17、y goddesses, more like book-illustrations to a fairy-tale, than human beings. Girls don“t grow up imagining that men axe romantic heroes. Years of living together at school dispel illusions of this kind. There axe no goddesses with freckles, pigtails, piercing voices and inky fingers. There are no r
18、omantic heroes with knobby knees, dirty fingernails and unkempt hair. The awkward stage of adolescence brings into sharp focus some of the physical and emotional problems involved in growing up. These can better be overcome in a coeducational environment. Segregated schools sometimes provide the rig
19、ht conditions for sexual deviation. This is hardly possible under a co-educational system. When the time comes for the pupils to leave school, they are fully prepared to enter society as well-adjusted adults. They have already had years of experience in coping with many of the problems that face men
20、 and women.（分数：10.00）(1).What is the best title for this passage?（分数：2.00）A.Only co-education can be in harmony with society.B.People Are in Great Need of Co-education.C.Any form of Education Other Than Co-education Is Simply UnthinkableD.Co-education Has Many Features.(2).What does co-education off
21、er to children?（分数：2.00）A.A society.B.A true small model of society.C.A real life.D.True version of social condition.(3).According to the passage, what is one of the chief aims of education?（分数：2.00）A.It is for students to acquire knowledge,B.It is to equip future citizens with scientific technology
22、.C.It is to equip future citizens with what is required in getting a position in society.D.It is for students to get academic achievements.(4).Why do boys and girls in co-education have no illusion about each other?（分数：2.00）A.They live together and know each other too well.B.Years of living together
23、 at school dismiss such illusions.C.Co-education encourages them to have an healthy attitude toward life.D.They are familiar with each other“s problems.(5).We can infer from the passage that some parents send their children to receive education other than co-education, because_.（分数：2.00）A.Parents wo
24、rry about their children“s safetyB.Parents are afraid of their children“s being involved in love affairs at an early ageC.Parents think that these schools are perfectD.Parents hope that their children can acquire as much knowledge as possibleIn the angry debate over how much of IQ comes from the gen
25、es that children inherit from parents and how much comes from experiences, one little fact gets overlooked: no one has identified any genes (other than those that cause retardation) that affect intelligence. So researchers led by Robert Plomin of London“s Institute of Psychiatry decided to look for
26、some: Plomin“s colleagues drew blood from two groups of 51 children each. They are all White living in six counties around Cleveland. In one group, the average IQ is 136. In the other group, the average IQ is 103. Isolating the blood cells, the researchers then examined each child“s chromosome 6 (On
27、e of the 23 human chromosomes). Of the 37 land marks on chromosome 6 that the researchers looked for, one jumped out: a form of gene called IGF2R occurred in twice as many children in high IQ group as in the average growth32 percent versus 16 percent. The study concludes that it is this form of the
28、IGF2R gene, called allele 5, that contributes to intelligence. Plomin cautions that “This is not a genius gene. It is one of many“. (About half the differences in intelligence between one person and another are thought to reflect different genes, and half reflect different life experiences.)The gene
29、 accounts for no more than four extra IQ points. And it is neither necessary nor sufficient for high IQ: 23 percent of the average-IQ kids did have it, but 54 percent of genius kids did not. The smart gene is known by the snappy name “insulin like growth factor 2 receptor“ (IGH2R to its fun). It let
30、s hormones like one similar to insulin dock with cells. Although a gene involved with insulin is not the most obvious candidate for an IQ gene, new evidence suggests it might indeed play the role. Sometimes when s hormone docks with the cell, it makes the cell grow; sometimes it makes the cell commi
31、t suicide. Both responses could choreograph the development of the brain. Scientists at the National Institutes of Health find that insulin can stimulate nerves to grow. And in rat brains, regions involved in learning and memory are chock full of insulin receptors. Even though this supports the idea
32、 that IGF2R can affect the brain and hence intelligence, some geneticists see major problems with the IQ-gene study. One is the possibility that Plomin“s group fell for what“s called the chopsticks fallacy. Geneticists might think they“ve found a gene for chopsticks dexterity, but all they“ve really
33、 found is a gene more common in Asians than, say, Africans. Similarly, Plomin“s IQ gene might simply be one that is more common in groups that emphasize academic achievement. “What if the gene they“ve found reflects ethnicity?“ asks geneticist Andrew Feinberg of Johns Hopkins University. “I would ta
34、ke these findings with a whole box of salt“.（分数：10.00）(1).As for how much of IQ comes from the genes and how much come from experiences,_.（分数：2.00）A.scientists have reached an agreementB.scientists“ opinions varyC.no genes have ever been identifiedD.scientists have found many smart genes(2).A health
35、y person has_. chromosomes all together.（分数：2.00）A.6B.23C.37D.46(3).It is found that insulin_.（分数：2.00）A.is IQ geneB.has nothing to do with IQ geneC.stimulates nerves to growD.is decisive to the development of intelligence(4).Some geneticists don“t accept the IGF2R gene-study because_.（分数：2.00）A.the
36、 subjects are not worldwideB.the subjects are from the groups that emphasize academic achievementC.the findings have not been replicated by other researchersD.both A and B(5).The phrase “with a whole box of salt“ in the last paragraph means_.（分数：2.00）A.skepticallyB.willinglyC.publiclyD.undoubtedlyE-
37、mailcan“t live with it, can“t live without it. Con artists and real artists, advertisers and freedom fighters, lovers and sworn enemies-they“ve all flocked to email as they would to any new medium of expression. E-mail is convenient, saves time, brings us closer to one another, helps us manage our e
38、ver-more-complex lives. Books are written, campaigns conducted; crimes committed-all via e-mail. But it is also inconvenient, wastes our time, isolates us in front of our computers and introduces more complexity into our already too-harried lives. To skeptics, E-mails just the latest chapter in the
39、evolving history of human communication. A snooping husband now discovers his wife“s affair by reading her private e-mailbut he could have uncovered the same sin by finding letters a generation ago. Yet E-mailand all online communicationis in fact something truly different; it captures the essence o
40、f life at the close of the 20th century with an authority that few other products of digital technology can claim. Does the pace of life seam ever faster? E-mail simultaneously allows us to cope with that acceleration and contributes to it. Are our attention spans shriveling under barrages of new, i
41、mproved forms of stimulation? The quick and dirty E-mail is made to order for those whose ability to concentrate is measured in nanoseconds. If we accept that the creation of the globe spanning Internet is one of the most important technological innovations of the last half of this century, then we
42、must give E-mailthe living embodiment of human connections across the Netpride of place. The way we interact with each other is changing; E-mail is both catalyst and the instrument of that change. The scope of the phenomenon is mind-boggling. Worldwide, 225 million people can spend and receive E-mai
43、l. Forget about the Web or e-commerce or even online pornography: E-mail is the Internet“s true killer appthe software application that we simply must have, even if it means buying a $2,000 computer and plunking down $20 a month to America Online. According to Donna Hoffman, a professor of marketing
44、 at Vanderbilt University, one survey after another finds that when online users are asked what they do on the Net, “E-mail is always No. 1.“ Oddly enough, no one planned it, and one predicted it. When research scientists first began cooking up the Internet“s predecessor, the Arpanet, in 1968, their
45、 primary goal was to enable disparate computing centers to share resources. “But it didn“t take very long before they discovered that the most important thing was the ability to send mail around, which they had not anticipated at all“, says Eric Auman, chief technical officer of Sendmail, Inc.（分数：10
46、.00）(1).What does the first sentence of the passage mean?（分数：2.00）A.E-mail brings convenience as well as inconvenience.B.E-mail complicates our lives.C.E-mail links us to others more closely, but at the same time, it isolates us as well.D.E-mail draws crowds of people who can“t live with or without
47、it.(2).Despite the vast popularity of E-mail, there are still people who don“t think much of it because_.（分数：2.00）A.they think as the latest invention in communication technology it hasn“t reach its bestB.they think it may be replaced by newer communication technology it does the older ways of commu
48、nicationC.they think it is no better than the older ways of communicationD.they think its invention is one inevitable step in human evolution just like that of the older ways of communication(3).To the author E-mail is_.（分数：2.00）A.the authority on the acceleration of life paceB.the essence of lifeC.both the catalyst and the instrument of the change in human interactionD.the living embodiment of human connection in all areas(4).What does the word “mind-boggling“(Sentence 1, Paragraph 3) probably mea
