1、考研英语-试卷 47及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_On his fifty-fifth birthday the president decided to (1)_ some prisoners of the (2)_ ag
2、e as a gesture of good will Not too many, but one, say, from each of the twenty of thirty (3)_ prisons in the small state. They would have to be carefully selected (4)_ not to give trouble once they were out. Men perhaps had been so (5)_ in prison that they had ceased to have and real contact with t
3、he outside world. None of them was to be told a (6)_ of his (7)_ liberty. Mario was therefore (8)_ when he was called to the Governor“s office one morning and told he was to be set (9)_ next day. He had spent almost three quarters of. his life in (10)_ working out a life sentence (11)_ stabbing a po
4、liceman to death. He was a dull-witted man with no relations (12)_ and no friends except his prison mates. The following morning was clear and bright. Mario (13)_ no opportunity to say goodbye to (14)_ but a guard (15)_ him to the prison gates and wished him g6dspeed. Alone, he set off up the long w
5、hite road leading to the town. The traffic, the incessant noise, the absence (16)_ the secure prison walls terrified him. Presently he “sat down by the side of the road to think (17)_. After he had thought for a long time, for his brain worked slowly, he (18)_ a decision. He remained he was, waiting
6、 patiently until at last he saw a police car (19)_ When it was near enough, he darted out into the road, obliging it to stop with a squeal of brakes. He had with him a little knife. When the young police officer got out of the car demanding (20)_ what was wrong, Mario stabbed him very neatly just be
7、hind the right ear.（分数：40.00）A.reloadB.releaseC.relaxD.relateA.asB.likeC.sameD.similarA.overgrownB.overrideC.overflowD.overcrowdedA.so asB.so thatC.in order thatD.for the purposeA.largeB.longC.wideD.bigA.in the rearB.in frontC.in advanceD.on the headA.implantingB.impellingC.improvingD.impendingA.ast
8、onishedB.fearedC.beatenD.torturedA.fleeB.freeC.freshD.frescoA.goalB.goatC.gaolD.galeA.ofB.becauseC.forD.atA.stayedB.stayingC.livedD.livingA.was givenB.was providedC.was orderedD.was offeredA.somebodyB.anyoneC.someoneD.the officersA.guardedB.protectedC.escortedD.watchedA.withB.forC.awayD.ofA.a little
9、B.a fewC.someD.anywayA.arrivedB.came toC.reasonedD.reducedA.approximatingB.appreciatingC.approachingD.apprehendingA.to findB.knowC.seeD.to know二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each
10、text by choosing A, B, C or D._Forget Iraq and budget deficits. The most serious political problem on both sides of the Atlantic is none of these. It is a difficulty that has dogged the ruling classes for millennia. It is the servant problem. In Britain David Blunkett, the home secretary, has resign
11、ed over an embarrassment (or one of many embarrassments, in a story involving his ex-girlfriend, her husband, two pregnancies and some DNA) concerning a visa for a Filipina nanny employed by his mistress. His office speeded it through for reasons unconnected to the national shortage of unskilled lab
12、our. Mr. Blunkett resigned ahead of a report by Sir Alan Budd, an economist who is investigating the matter at the government“s request. In America Bernard Kerik, the president“s nominee for the Department of Homeland Security, withdrew last week because he had carelessly employed a Mexican nanny wh
13、ose Play-Doh skills were in better order than her paperwork. Mr. Kerik also remembered that he hadn“t paid her taxes. The nominee has one or two other “issues“ (an arrest warrant in 1998, and allegations of dodgy business dealings and extra-marital affairs). But employing an illegal nanny would prob
14、ably have been enough to undo him, as it has several other cabinet and judicial appointees in recent years. There is an easy answer to the servant problemobvious to economists, if not to the less clear-sighted. Perhaps Sir Alan, a dismal scientist of impeccable rationality, will be thoughtful enough
15、 to point it out in his report. Parents are not the only people who have difficulty getting visas for workers. All employers face restrictive immigration policies which raise labour costs. Some may respond by trying to fiddle the immigration system, but most deal with the matter by exporting jobs. I
16、n the age of the global economy, the solution to the servant problem is simple: rather than importing the nanny, offshore the children.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the text, the servant problem is to the ruling class what（分数：2.00）A.the political problem to the ruler.B.the embarrassment to the home sec
17、retary.C.the chronic ailment to the patient.D.the government“s request to the economist.(2).In paragraph 1, “both sides of the Atlanti“ probably refers to（分数：2.00）A.the United States and United Kingdom.B.the European and American.C.the North America and Europe.D.the North American continent and the
18、British Isles.(3).Paragraph 2 and 3 are written to（分数：2.00）A.explain Mr. Blunkett“s resignation.B.refute the conclusion made by Mr. Kerit.C.describe the president“s nomination.D.illustrate the persistent servant problem.(4).How does the author feel about Mr. Alan?（分数：2.00）A.His dismal thought is imp
19、ractical.B.His relevant argument is acceptable.C.His apparent solution is implausible.D.His clear-sighted report is most trust-worthy.(5).Which of the following can be inferred from the text?（分数：2.00）A.Getting visa for servants will not be a problem.B.Sir Alan is qualified to be a dismal scientist.C
20、.The majority gets rid of the traditional solution.D.Exporting jobs and fiddling the immigration system are detrimental.The twin English passions for gardening and long muddy walks may seem puzzling to foreigners, yet they are easily explained in terms of a favourite economist“s concept: scarcity. M
21、ost other nations have lots of countryside. England doesn“t, and therefore its people prize the stuff. One consequence of the rural romance is a word which exists only in English and describes those with a particular sort of hostility to development: Nimbys, who don“t mind new housing so long as it
22、is Not In My Back Yard. Another consequence is a problem for the government. Compared with its neighbours“ economies, Britain“s has been doing very nicely in recent years. Only one big threat looms: the possibility of a bust in the overheated and volatile housing market, which could feed through to
23、the rest of the economy and lead to recession, as happened in the early 1990s. The government reckons that one reason why house prices have been rising so fast, particularly in the south-east of England, is that, while real wages have been going up and foreigners pouring in, little new housing is be
24、ing built. Nimbyism helps explain the shortage of new housing in the south-east. People living in pretty villages don“t want new estates on their doorstep. After all, they spent their hard-earned cash on a view of rolling acres, not of spanking new red-tiled roofs. Nimbys“ hostility to development a
25、cquires legal force through the planning system, which has, in large part, been controlled by elected local authorities. Although some big new developmentsincluding the first new towns since the early 1970sare getting the go-ahead, others are hard-fought. The government“s solution is to undermine lo
26、cal planning powers. The new Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act, which starts to come into force next month, shifts power from elected county councils to unelected regional bodies, and gives statutory force to the government“s estimates of the number of new houses needed in different bits of the c
27、ountry. That will make it harder for councils in overheated areas to turn down developers. The government is right that the planning system is excessively biased against growth: existing property-owners, who control the system through local authorities, have little interest in sanctioning developmen
28、ts which may reduce the value of their houses. But the government was wrong to go about lowering the barriers to development by talking power away from local authorities, thus further centralizing Britain“s already far-too-centralised political system.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the text, Downing Str
29、eet No. 10 is in an awkward predicament of（分数：2.00）A.real estate development.B.gardening expansion.C.hostility to scarcity.D.economic recession.(2).According to the text, Nimbys seems to reject（分数：2.00）A.the renovation of the world heritages.B.the demolition of their own houses.C.the rejuvenation of
30、 their national economy.D.the construction of new houses in their community.(3).It can be inferred from the text that（分数：2.00）A.unselected regional bodies side with Nimbys.B.most of the first new towns get the go-ahead.C.elected local authorities fuels the hostility to development.D.local planning p
31、owers are undermined by Nimbyism.(4).According to the text, the developer“s promise in the overheated areas results from（分数：2.00）A.the discreet planning of big new developments.B.the legal function empouered by the new move.C.the substantial loss of unselected regional bodies.D.the decline of new ho
32、uses in different bits of the country.(5).The author“s comment on the government can be interpreted as（分数：2.00）A.slight contempt.B.enthusiastic support.C.strong disapproval.D.qualified consent.Education is compulsory in Britain, whether at school “or otherwise“; and “other wise“ is becoming more pop
33、ular. In 1999, only 12,000 children were listed as being home-schooled. Now that figure is 20,000, according to Mike Fortune-Wood, an educational researcher. But he thinks that, as most home-taught children never go near a school and are therefore invisible to officialdom, the total is probably near
34、er 50,000. As usual, Britain lies between Europe and America. In Germany, home teaching is illegal. In America, it“s huge: over 1 million children are home-schooled, mainly by religious parents. There are a small minority among British home-educators, who consist mainly of two types: hippyish middle
35、-class parents who dislike schools on principle, and those whose children are unhappy at school. The growth is overwhelmingly in this second category, says Roland Meighan, a home-education expert and publisher. One reason is that technology has made home-education easier. The internet allows parents
36、 to know as much as teachers. It is also a way of organizing get-togethers, sharing tips and outwitting official hassles. That supplements e vents such as the annual home-education festival last week, where 1,600 parents and children enjoyed Egyptian dancing and labyrinth-building on a muddy hillsid
37、e in Devon. But a bigger reason for the growth is changing attitudes. Centralisation, government targets and a focus on exams have made state schools less customer friendly and more boring. Classes are still based strictly on age groups, which is hard for children who differ sharply from the average
38、. Mr. Fortune-Wood notes that the National Health Service is now far more accommodating of patients“ wishes about timing, venue and treatment. “It“s happened in health. Why can“t it happen in education?“ he asks. Perhaps because other businesses tend to make more effort to satisfy individual needs,
39、parents are getting increasingly picky. In the past, if their child was bullied, not coping or bored, they tended to put up with it. Now they complain, and if that doesn“t work they vote with their (children“s) feet. Some educationalists worry that home-schooling may hurt children“s psychological an
40、d educational development. Home educators cite statistics showing that it helps both educational attainment and the course of grown-up life. Labour“s latest big idea in education is “personalisation“, which is intended to al low much more flexible timing and choice of subjects. In theory, that might
41、 stem the drift to homeschooling. Many home-educators would like to be able to use school facilities occasionallyin science lessons, say, or to sit exams. But for now, schools, and the officials who regulate them, like the near-monopoly created by the rule of “all or nothing“.（分数：10.00）(1).The term
42、“otherwise“ (Line 1, Paragraph 1) most probably means（分数：2.00）A.the education in a developed nation.B.the wave of compulsory education.C.the popularity of teaching at school.D.the trend of home-schooling.(2).The third statistics as pointed out in the opening paragraph, in view of Mr. Fortune Wood, i
43、s（分数：2.00）A.the actual number of home-taught kids.B.the total of the listed at present.C.the additional sum of the unlisted home taught children.D.the total number of school taught children.(3).Which of the following is true according to the text?（分数：2.00）A.Britain is the focal point in terms of geo
44、graphy.B.The extremes of “otherwise“ can not be found in UK.C.Germany embraces the growth of second category.D.Religious parents in America forbid “otherwise“.(4).The description of the National Health Service helps to show（分数：2.00）A.the main cause of the development of home-schooling.B.the contempt
45、 for the old-fashionedness of “otherwise“.C.the admiration for the medical accommodation.D.the interest in the patient“s various requirements.(5).It is implied in the text that the parents“ change can be attributed to（分数：2.00）A.the complaint against the compulsory education.B.the occasional employme
46、nt of school facilities.C.the intensified attempts of other sections with respect to personalizationD.the more flexible timing and choice of subjects.Some things are doomed to remain imperfect, the United Nations among them. De spite noble aspirations, the organization that more than any other embod
47、ies the collective will and wisdom of an imperfect world was created, in the words of one former secretary general, not to take humanity to heaven, but to save it from hell. Is it failing in that task? Alarmed at the bitter dispute over the war in Iraq, and at growing threatsfrom the devastation of
48、AIDS and the danger of failing states to the prospect of terrorists armed with weapons of mass destructionthat the UN“s founding powers hadn“t even had night mares about, last year Kofi Annan, the current secretary-general, asked a group of eminent folk to put on their thinking caps. Their report on how the UN might in future better contribute to international peace and securitymobilising its own and the world“s re sources to prevent crises where possible and to deal with them more resolutely and effectively where necessaryis due for deli
