1、考研英语 145 及答案解析(总分：36.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：1.00)Manpower Inc. ,with 560,000 workers, is the worlds largest temporary, employment agency. Every morning, its people -|_|- into the offices and factories of America, seeking a days work for a days pay, one day at a time. -|_|- industr
2、ial giants like General Motors and IBM struggle to survive -|_|- reducing the number of employees, Manpower, based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is booming. -|_|- its economy continues to recover, the US is increasingly becoming a nation of part-timers and temporary workers. This“ -|_|- “work force is th
3、e most important -|_|- in American business today, and it is -|_|- changing the relationship between people and their jobs. The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive -|_|- avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens -|_|- by employment rules, healthcare costs and
4、pension plans. workers it can mean an end to the security, benefits and sense of -|_|- that came being a loyal employee. Manpower Inc. ,with 560,000 workers, is the worlds largest temporary, employment agency. Every morning, its people -|_|- into the offices and factories of America, seeking a days
5、work for a days pay, one day at a time. -|_|- industrial giants like General Motors and IBM struggle to survive -|_|- reducing the number of employees, Manpower, based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is booming. -|_|- its economy continues to recover, the US is increasingly becoming a nation of part-timers
6、 and temporary workers. This“ -|_|- “work force is the most important -|_|- in American business today, and it is -|_|- changing the relationship between people and their jobs. The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive -|_|- avoiding market cycles and the growing bur
7、dens -|_|- by employment rules, healthcare costs and pension plans. workers it can mean an end to the security, benefits and sense of -|_|- that came being a loyal employee. （分数：1.00）A.swarmB.strideC.separateD.slip二、Section Writing(总题数：1，分数：1.00)2.1)Write out the messages conveyed by the cartoon. 2)
8、 Give your comments. 1)Write out the messages conveyed by the cartoon. 2) Give your comments.* （分数：1.00）_三、Section Reading(总题数：4，分数：4.00)Tight-lipped elders used to say,“ Its not what you want in this world, but what you get.“ Psychology teaches that you do get what you want if you know what you wan
9、t and want the right things. You can make a mental blueprint of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house, and each of us is continually making these blueprints in the general routine of everyday living. If we intend to have friends to dinner, we plan the menu, make a shopping list, decide w
10、hich food to cook first, and such planning is an essential for any type of meal to be served. Likewise, if you want to find a job, take a sheet of paper, and write a brief account of yourself. In making a blueprint for a job, begin with yourself, for when you know exactly what you have to offer, you
11、 can intelligently plan where to sell your services. This account of yourself is actually a sketch of your working life and should include education, experience and references. Such an account is valuable. It can be referred to in filling out standard application blanks and is extremely helpful in p
12、ersonal interviews. While talking to you ,your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications, will pay him to employ you and your“ wares“ and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner. When you have carefully prepared
13、a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have something tangible to sell. Then you are ready to hunt for a job. Get all the possible information about your could be job. Make inquiries as to the details regarding the job and the firm. Keep your eyes and ears open, and use your own judgement. S
14、pend a certain amount of time each day seeking the employment you wish for, and keep in mind: Securing a job is your job now. （分数：1.00）(1). What do the elders mean when they say, “Its not what you want in this world, but what you get. “?（分数：0.25）A.Youll certainly get what you want.B.Its no use dream
15、ing.C.You should be dissatisfied with what you have.D.Its essential to set a goal for yourself.(2). A blueprint made before inviting a friend to dinner is used in this passage as_.（分数：0.25）A.an illustration of how to write an application for a jobB.an indication of how to secure a good jobC.a guidel
16、ine for job descriptionD.a principle for job evaluation(3). According to the passage, one must write an account of himself before starting to find a job because _.（分数：0.25）A.that is the first step to please the employerB.that is the requirement of the employerC.it enables him to know when to sell hi
17、s servicesD.it forces him to become clearly aware of himself(4).When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have something_.（分数：0.25）A.definite to offerB.imaginary to provideC.practical to supplyD.desirable to presentWhen it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spe
18、ro isn t biting her nails just yet. But the 47- year-old manicurist isn t cutting, filing or polishing as many nails as she d like to, either. Most of her clients spend 12 to 50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. “I m a good
19、 economic indicator,“ she says. “I provide a service that people can do without when they re concerned about saving some dollars.“ So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard s department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. “I don t know if other clients ar
20、e going to abandon me, too,“ she says. Even before Alan Greenspan s admission that America s red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending.
21、 For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year s pace. But don t sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only mildly concer
22、ned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy s long-term prospects even as they do some modest belt- tightening. Consumers say they re not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding steady in most
23、 regions. In Manhattan, “there s a new gold rush happening in the 4 million to 10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses,“ says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. “Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get
24、 two or three,“ says John Tealdi, a Bay Area real-estate broker. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job. Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldn t mind a little fewer
25、 bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattan s hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant used to be impossible. Not anymore.
26、 For that, Greenspan and thus the encounter a portrait records is most really the sitting itself. The sitting may be brief or extended, collegial or confrontational. Cartier-Bresson has expressed his passion for portrait photography by characterizing it as “a duel without rules“. While Cartier-Bress
27、on reveals himself as an interloper and opportunist, Richard Avedon confesses to a role as diagnostician and psychic healer: not as someone who necessarily transforms his subjects, but as someone who reveals their essential nature. Both photographers appear to agree on one basis, however, which is t
28、hat the fundamental dynamic in this process lies squarely in the hands of the artist. A quite-different example has its roots not in confrontation or consultation but in active collaboration between the artist and sitter. This very different kind of relationship was formulated most vividly by Willia
29、m Hazlitt in his essay entitled “On Sitting for Ones Picture“. To Hazlitt, the “bond of connection“ between painter and sitter is most like the relationship between two lovers: “They are always thinking and talking of the same thing, in which their self love finds an equal counterpart.“ Hazlitt flas
30、hes out his thesis by recounting particular episodes from the career of Sir Joshua Reynolds. According to Hazlitt, Reynolds sitters, accompanied by their friends, were meant to enjoy an atmosphere that was both comfortable for them and conductive to the enterprise of the portrait painter, who was si
31、multaneously their host and their contractual employee. In the case of artists like Reynolds, no fundamental difference exists between the artists studio and all those other rooms in which the sitters spin out the days of their lives. The act of entering Reynolds studio did not necessarily transform
32、 those who sat for him. Collaboration in portraiture such as Reynolds is based on the sitters comfort and security as well as on his or her desire to experiment with something new, and it is in this “creation of another self“, as Hazlitt put it, that the painters subjects may properly see themselves
33、 for the first time. （分数：1.00）(1). In referring to Queen Elizabeth I as “ever-youthful“, the author implies that（分数：0.20）A.she instructed court painters to portray her younger than she actually was.B.all her portraits available for copying were painted when she was young.C.she intended her portrait
34、to be painted young to reflect her ruling powers.D.artists purposely made her portraits appear younger than her actual age.(2).The author quotes Cartier-Bresson in order to（分数：0.20）A.refute Avedons conception about a portrait sitting.B.provide one perspective of the portraiture encounter.C.exemplify
35、 time restriction of the sitting for portraiture.D.support the thesis on the uncertainty of a collegial sitting(3).It would be most consistent with the text to infer that Reynolds（分数：0.20）A.may have provided a transforming experience for some sitters.B.must have worked primarily with experienced por
36、trait subjects.C.might have frequently painted portraits at his subjects homes.D.could have been alone with his sitters while portraying them.(4).Which of the following best characterizes the portraiture experience as viewed by Avedon?（分数：0.20）A.A collaboration.B.A mutual accommodation.C.A consultat
37、ion.D.A comfortable encounter.(5).A portrait artist operating under the Reynolds example would probably disagree that（分数：0.20）A.a portrait sitting often changes the way the sitter views himself/herself.B.portraiture helps both artist and subject to display their vanity.C.a portrait sitting may frequ
38、ently heighten the sitters self-knowledge.D.portraiture depends more on the subjects initiative than on the artists.四、Part B(总题数：1，分数：20.00)3. You borrowed some recent issues of U. S. business magazine from your professor a month ago, but delayed returning them. Write a letter of apology to your pro
39、fessor, stating your reasons for the delay and expressing your thanks. Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming“ instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points) You borrowed some recent
40、 issues of U. S. business magazine from your professor a month ago, but delayed returning them. Write a letter of apology to your professor, stating your reasons for the delay and expressing your thanks. Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your
41、 own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming“ instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points) （分数：20.00）_五、Part C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)At the start of the 20th century, immigrant labor and innovation helped turn the U. S. into a powerful manufacturing nation. Today, foreign-born engineers j
42、am the corridors of Silicon Valley,helping Americas information-technology boom. And as the 21st century dawns, yet another wave of immigrants will once again help transform the economy. 46)During the next decade, excepting a change in government policy, nearly a million immigrants are expected to a
43、rrive in the U. S. every year,most of whom,both legal and illegal,will continue to come from Latin America and Southeast Asia, but every foreign land will be represented. As domestic birthrates stagnate, only foreign-born worker will keep the labor pool growing. By 2006, in fact, immigrants will acc
44、ount for half of all new U. S. workers; over the next 30 years, their share will rise to 60%. 47) Even at current levels of immigration, according to the Labor Dept. the number of people available to work will increase by a mere 0.8% per year between 1996 and 2006-half the rate of the previous decad
45、e. Without immigrants, according to a new study, the U. S. workforce would actually begin to shrink by 2015. 48) Its not all about sheer numbers, of course:To lift productivity and spur growth, immigrants must provide creativity, entrepreneurial energy, or simple initiative that America couldnt find
46、 otherwise. “If all you did was bring in people who are exactly the same as those we have here, there would be no economic benefit,“ says Rand Corp. economist James P. Smith, “Youd just have more people.“ Just as crucial, the array of education and skills immigrants bring could fit neatly with the s
47、upply of jobs over the next decade. According to Linda Levine at the Congressional Research Service,60% of the jobs created through 2005 will require some post-secondary education. But, she adds, low-skill jobs will still represent about half of total employment. 49) Yet immigrants also are 50% more likely than Americans to have a graduate degree, and an unbelievable 23% of U. S. residents holding PhDs in science and engineering are foreign-born, according to the National Science Foundation. Indeed, foreign-born workers have shown an extraordinary a
