1、考研英语阅读理解 A 节(传统题型)分类精讲文化教育类-(二)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Reading Co(总题数：5，分数：100.00)As colleges and universities send another wave of graduates out into the world this spring, thousands of other job seekers with liberal-arts degrees like Martins find themselves in a similar bind. True eno
2、ugh, this is an era of record-breaking lows in unemployment. But technology companies, which are contributing the lions share of new jobs, are simultaneously declaring a shortage of qualified workers. The emphasis is on the word qualified.Its no surprise that high-tech companies rarely hire liberal-
3、arts graduates. “Our P.R. people, our marketers, even our attorneys have technical talent,“ says Tracy Koon, director of corporate affairs at Intel. The need for technical expertise is so pervasive that even retailers are demanding such skills. “Company-wide, were looking for students with specific
4、information-systems skills,“ says David McDearmon, director of field human resources at Dollar Tree Stores. “Typically we shy away from independent college students who dont have them.“Fortunately for Martin, some invaluable help was at hand when he needed it. The Virginia Foundation for Independent
5、 Colleges, a network of 15 liberal-arts colleges in the state, has teamed up with local companies to bridge the learning gap faced by its members graduates. VFIC invited 30 companies, including First Union and Electronic Data Systems, to link the needs of businesses with the skills being taught in c
6、ollege classrooms. With grants from corporate sponsors like AT but war took on a deeper and more unsavory dimension when it was exported directly into US living rooms night after night by television. Public opinion eventually turned against the war and to some measure against President Johnson who w
7、as associated with it. As a result of the public opinion backlash during these times, the Pentagon was thereafter much more careful to control what foreign correspondents and TV crews would be allowed to see and report.It was during this time that President Carter brought the issue of human rights t
8、o the center of his foreign policy, and, to some degree, to the center of international politics. “Human rights are the soul of our foreign policy,“ Carter said. “Of all human rights the most basic is to be free of arbitrary violence, whether that violence comes from government, from terrorists, fro
9、m criminals, or from self-appointed messiahs operating under the cover of politics or religion.“Although political viewpoints have changed since then, because of the emotional nature of human rights, this has emerged as the “soul“ of television news. The transgression of human rights has been the fo
10、cus of many, if not most, major international television news stories. The reporting of these stories has created outrage in the world, prompted attempts at censorship by dictators, and in many cases resulted in the elimination of human rights abuses.（分数：20.00）(1).The introduction of satellite techn
11、ology into television broadcastA. improved the sound effect of television news.B. initiated a shift of emphasis to international politics.C. confirmed what Shakespeare said long ago.D. changed the way television news is handled.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The civil rights struggle in the 50s and 60s won pu
12、blic support partly owing toA. the viewing of the Nazi atrocities on TV.B. the news broadcast through satellite links.C. the impact of televised news on emotions.D. the support provided by a world audience.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(3).President Carters major contribution to broadcast news was that heA. enco
13、uraged news coverage of the Vietnam War and ended it.B. eliminated any kind of censorship of broadcast news.C. proclaimed the Pentagons control over the media unconstitutional.D. made the transgression of human rights a global focus in broadcast news.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The television coverage of h
14、uman rights issues has all the effects EXCEPTA. increased control over the media in some countries.B. reduction in the cases of human rights violation.C. increased respect for different cultures and attitudes.D. heightened international concern over human rights abuses.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The passa
15、ge is mainly aboutA. the evolution of international politics in the United States.B. the broadcast medias growing role in international politics.C. the impact of global television communication on viewers emotions.D. the concern for human rights as is shown in broadcast media.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.Intang
16、ible cultural heritage generally refers to immaterial aspects of cultureephemeral products like stories and language itself, as well as to the beliefs, values, and forms of knowledge and skill give cultures their vitality. This heritage can, for example, include wedding dances and funeral laments, a
17、rtisans skills and orally conveyed knowledge of farming. You might find its traces in a museumplants used by a traditional healer, for examplebut it is mostly the living, oral tradition of a people. Scholars have long recognized the intangibility of culture. In the 18th and 19th centurys philologist
18、s, folklorists and others tried to document the worlds oral traditions. Yet the term “intangible cultural heritage“ is relatively recent. In 1950, Japan initiated a living national treasures program to recognize the great skills of masters of the traditional arts. In the West, meanwhile, jurists rec
19、ognized the idea of intellectual property and defined copyright and patent. In the 1970s, discussion of UNESCOs World Heritage List stimulated broader thinking about the need to safeguard intangible cultural heritage. Meetings of experts, recommendations and technical discussions ensued until 2001,
20、when UNESCO proclaimed the first 19 Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.Why so long for this concept to make it into international consciousness? For one, it has suffered the problem of vagueness long associated with the term “culture“. Second, theres a terminology problem.
21、Vagueness and terminology aside, interest in the subject has grown with public awareness of globalization. On the macro-level, cultural resources, in a similar way to natural resources, seem to be endangered or disappearing. Of more than 6, 000 languages still spoken on the planet, linguists predict
22、 that 50 to 95 percent will not last through the next century. When a language dies, there is a startling loss of knowledge and expression accumulated over generations. On the micro-level, many people do not want to accept a social universe of homogenized global consumers bereft of ancestors, storie
23、s, and meaningful experiences. In less benign circumstances, intangible cultural heritage has captured the worlds attention when conflict over the practice of religions and the expression of ethnicities has turned violent.As an anthropologist, I was skeptical about the ability, to define and select
24、intangible cultural treasures and address the many questions that could be raised about the concept. But one could take heart that in the age of globalization, local cultures have survived, and sometimes even flourished. One would appreciate that in an age of constant innovation, tradition had some
25、lasting value. The power and tenacity of the selected traditions and their practitioners was palpable. One can only hope that with local, national, and now international action plans in place, they will continue to inspire future generations.（分数：20.00）(1).Which of the following can be classified as
26、intangible cultural heritage?A. An ancient temple for religious ceremonies.B. A rare manuscript of fanning.C. A ritual dance from the ancient times.D. An antique from the Song Dynasty.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Intangible cultural heritage began to be widely acceptedA. in the 18th and 19th century.B. in t
27、he middle 20th century.C. in the late 20th century.D. in the year of 2001.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The third paragraph intends to tell us thatA. with peoples growing awareness of globalization, vagueness and terminology will be eliminated.B. people come to be fascinated by intangible cultural heritage d
28、espite vagueness and terminology.C. intangible culture heritage will still be rejected by the majority of people over generations.D. peoples acceptance of intangible cultural heritage will be hindered by religious and ethnic conflict.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the passage, intangible cultural
29、 heritageA. should be paid more attention to than tangible cultural heritage.B. will flourish as a result of its tenacity nature and lasting value.C. will probably only be a passing terra due to its ephemeral nature.D. needs to have its own material form for a wider recognition.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(5).
30、What is the authors attitude towards the future of intangible cultural heritage?A. Confident. B. Indifferent.C. Puzzled. D. Disappointed（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.Material culture refers to the touchable, material “things“physical objects that can be seen, held, felt, usedthat a culture produces. Examining a
31、cultures tools and technology can tell us about the groups history and way of life. Similarly, research into the material culture of music can help us to understand the music-culture.The most vivid body of “things“ in it, of course, is musical instrument. We cannot hear for ourselves the actual soun
32、d of any musical performance before the 1870s when the phonograph was invented, so we rely on instruments for important information about music-cultures in the remote past and their development. Here we have two kinds of evidence: instruments well preserved and instruments pictured in art. Through t
33、he study of instruments, as well as paintings, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago, or we can outline the spread of Near Eastern influence to Europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments on the
34、 symphony orchestra.Sheet music or printed music, too, is material culture. Scholars once defined folk music-cultures as those in which people learn and sing music by ear rather than from print. But research shows mutual influence among oral and written sources during the past few centuries in Europ
35、e, Britain and America. Printed versions limit variety because they tend to standardize any song, yet they stimulate people to create new and different songs. Besides, the ability to read music notation has a far-reaching effect on musicians and, when it becomes widespread, on the music-culture as a
36、 whole.Music is deep-rooted in the cultural background that fosters it. We now pay more and more attention to traditional or ethnic features in folk music and are willing to preserve the folk music as we do with many traditional cultural heritages. Musicians all over the world are busy with recordin
37、g classic music in their country for the sake of their unique culture. As always, peoples aspiration will always focus on their individuality rather than universal features that are shared by all cultures alike.One more important part of musics material culture should be singled out: the influence o
38、f the electronic mediaradio, record player, tape recorder, and television, with the future promising talking and singing computers and other developments. This is all part of the “information-revolution“, a twentieth century phenomenon as important as the industrial revolution in the nineteenth. The
39、se electronic media are not just limited to modern nations; they have affected music-cultures all over the globe.（分数：20.00）(1).All of the following can be included in the material culture of music exceptA. phonograph. B. music book.C. television. D. symphony.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Examining musical in
40、struments can tell us aboutA. the early history of immigration.B. music activities of ancient people.C. the actual musical performance.D. the spread of classical music.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The disadvantage of printed music lies in itA. gives a fixed form to songs.B. limits the imagination of musicia
41、ns.C. puts an end to the existence of oral music.D. slows down the spread of music culture.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What can we infer from of Paragraph 4?A. Folk music is a part of the traditional music culture.B. Priority is given to the protection of traditional music.C. The universal features of cult
42、ure are limited to modern music.D. Classic music is more valuable for the study of culture.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following is the main idea of the text?A. The study of the material culture of music.B. The research into the musical instruments.C. The influence of culture on music.D. Infor
43、mation revolution of the musical culture.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.考研英语阅读理解 A 节(传统题型)分类精讲文化教育类-(二)答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Reading Co(总题数：5，分数：100.00)As colleges and universities send another wave of graduates out into the world this spring, thousands of other job seekers with liberal-arts degrees
44、 like Martins find themselves in a similar bind. True enough, this is an era of record-breaking lows in unemployment. But technology companies, which are contributing the lions share of new jobs, are simultaneously declaring a shortage of qualified workers. The emphasis is on the word qualified.Its
45、no surprise that high-tech companies rarely hire liberal-arts graduates. “Our P.R. people, our marketers, even our attorneys have technical talent,“ says Tracy Koon, director of corporate affairs at Intel. The need for technical expertise is so pervasive that even retailers are demanding such skills
46、. “Company-wide, were looking for students with specific information-systems skills,“ says David McDearmon, director of field human resources at Dollar Tree Stores. “Typically we shy away from independent college students who dont have them.“Fortunately for Martin, some invaluable help was at hand w
47、hen he needed it. The Virginia Foundation for Independent Colleges, a network of 15 liberal-arts colleges in the state, has teamed up with local companies to bridge the learning gap faced by its members graduates. VFIC invited 30 companies, including First Union and Electronic Data Systems, to link
48、the needs of businesses with the skills being taught in college classrooms. With grants from corporate sponsors like AT but war took on a deeper and more unsavory dimension when it was exported directly into US living rooms night after night by television. Public opinion eventually turned against th
49、e war and to some measure against President Johnson who was associated with it. As a result of the public opinion backlash during these times, the Pentagon was thereafter much more careful to control what foreign correspondents and TV crews would be allowed to see and report.It was during this time that President Carter brought the issue of human rights to the center of his foreign policy, and, to some degree, to the center of international politics. “Human rights are the soul of our foreign policy,“ Carter said. “Of all human rights the most basic is t
