1、考研英语（一）-试卷 17及答案解析(总分：144.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_It is often observed that the aged spend much time thinking and talking about their
2、past lives, 【C1】_about the future. These reminiscences are not simply random or trivial memories, 【C2】_is their purpose merely to make conversation. The old person“s recollections of the past help to【C3】_an identity that is becoming increasingly fragile: 【C4】_any role that brings respect or any goal
3、 that might provide【C5】_to the future, the individual mentions his past as a reminder to listeners, that here was a life【C6】_living. 【C7】_, the memories form part of a continuing life【C8】_, in which the person【C9】_the events and experiences of the years gone by and【C10】_on the overall meaning of his
4、 or her own almost completed life. As the life cycle【C11】_to its close, the aged must also learn to accept the reality of their own impending death. 【C12】_this task is made difficult by the fact that death is almost a【C13】_subject in the United States. The mere discussion of death is often regarded
5、as【C14】_. As adults many of us find the topic frightening and are【C15】_to think about it and certainly not to talk about it【C16】_the presence of someone who is dying. Death has achieved this taboo【C17】_only in the modern industrial societies. There seems to be an important reason for our reluctance
6、to【C18】_the idea of death. It is the very fact that death remains【C19】_our control; it is almost the only one of the natural processes【C20】_is so.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.better thanB.rather thanC.less thanD.other than(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.soB.evenC.norD.hardly(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.preserveB.conserveC
7、.resumeD.assume(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.performingB.playingC.undertakingD.lacking(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.orientationB.implicationC.successionD.presentation(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.worthyB.worthC.worthlessD.worthwhile(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.In a wordB.In briefC.In additionD.In particular(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.prospectB.impetu
8、sC.impressionD.review(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.integratesB.incorporatesC.includesD.interacts(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.reckonsB.countsC.reflectsD.conceives(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.keepsB.drawsC.inclinesD.tends(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.ThereforeB.AndC.YetD.Otherwise(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.tabooB.disputeC.contemptD.neglect(14
9、).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.notoriousB.indecentC.obscureD.desperate(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.readyB.willingC.liableD.reluctant(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.atB.onC.withD.in(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.statusB.circumstanceC.environmentD.priority(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.encounterB.confrontC.tolerateD.expose(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.underB.ab
10、oveC.beyondD.within(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.whichB.whatC.asD.that二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：60.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._Every living thing has an inner biological clock th
11、at controls behavior. The clock works all the time; even when there are no outside signs to mark the passing of time. The biological clock tells plants when to form flowers and when the flowers should open. It tells insects when to leave the protective cocoon and fly away. And it tells animals when
12、to eat, sleep and wake. It controls body temperature, the release of some hormones and even dreams. These natural daily events are circadian rhythms. Man has known about them for thousands of years. But the first scientific observation of circadian rhythms was not made until 1729. In that year a Fre
13、nch astronomer, Jean Jacques d“Ortous de Mairan, noted that one of his plants opened its leaves at the same time every morning, and closed them at the same time every night. The plant did this even when he kept it in a dark place all the time. Later scientists wondered about circadian rhythms in hum
14、ans. They learned that man“s biological clock actually keeps time with a day of a little less than 25 hours instead of the 24 hours on a man-made clock. About four years ago an American doctor, Eliot Weitzman, established a laboratory to study how our biological clock works. The people in his experi
15、ments are shut off from the outside world. They are free to listen to and live by their circadian rhythms. Dr. Weitzman hopes his research will lead to effective treatments for common sleep problems and sleep disorders caused by aging and mental illness. The laboratory is in the Montefiore Hospital
16、in New York City. It has two living areas with three small rooms in each. The windows are covered, so no sunlight or moonlight comes in. There are no radios or television receivers. There is a control room between the living areas. It contains computers, one-way cameras and other electronic devices
17、for observing the person in the living area. A doctor or medical technician is on duty in the control room 24 hours a day during an experiment. They do not work the same time each day and are not permitted to wear watches, so the person in the experiment has no idea what time it is. In the first fou
18、r years of research, Dr. Weitzman and his assistant have observed 16 men between the ages of 21 and 80. The men remained in the laboratory for as long as six months. Last month, a science reporter for The New York Times newspaper, Dava Sobel, became the first woman to take part in the experiment. Sh
19、e entered the laboratory on June 13th and stayed for 25 days. Miss Sobel wrote reports about the experiment during that time, which were published in the newspaper.（分数：10.00）(1).We can conclude from the first paragraph that（分数：2.00）A.every creature has an inner biological clock.B.the biological cloc
20、k works day and night.C.the biological clock has circadian rhythms.D.the biological clock regulates behavior of creatures.(2).In his observation, the French astronomer noticed that the leaves of a certain plant maintained its opening-and-closing cycles（分数：2.00）A.even when it was put in a murky place
21、 all day.B.even if it was placed in the moonlight.C.even when he was observing it from a dark place.D.even if it was kept in a dark place from time to time.(3).The sentence “They are free to listen to and live by their circadian rhythms. “ (Line 2-3, Para. 4) probably means（分数：2.00）A.they can live b
22、y their biological clocks without referring to man-made ones.B.they can listen to rhythms of biological clocks and live close to them.C.they can live their lives by regulating their own circadian rhythms.D.they are free from the annoying rhythms of everyday life.(4).In the experiment conducted by Dr
23、. Weitzman, the doctor on duty doesn“t work the same time each day（分数：2.00）A.so as not to be recognized by the people.B.so as not to indicate the time to the people when starting work.C.so as to leave the rhythms of the people in disorder.D.so as to observe the abnormal behavior of the people at dif
24、ferent times.(5).The first woman who took part in the experiment（分数：2.00）A.was interviewed by The New York Times.B.remained in the laboratory till June 25th.C.published some articles on the experiment.D.found out how the biological clock works.In almost all cases, the soft parts of fossils are gone
25、for ever but they were fitted around or within the hard parts. Many of them also were attached to the hard parts and usually such attachments are visible as depressed or elevated areas, ridges or grooves, smooth or rough patches on the hard parts. The muscles most important for the activities of the
26、 animal and most evident in the appearance of the living animal are those attached to the hard parts and possible to reconstruct from their attachments. Much can be learned about a vanished brain from the inside of the skull in which it was lodged. Restoration of the external appearance of an extinc
27、t animal has little or no scientific value. It does not even help in inferring what the activities of the living animal were, how fast it could run, what its food was, or such other conclusions as are important for the history of life. However, what most people want to know about extinct animals is
28、what they looked like when they were alive. Scientists also would like to know. Things like fossil shells present no great problem as a rule, because the hard parts are external when the animal is alive and the outer appearance is actually preserved in the fossils. Animals in which the skeleton is i
29、nternal present great problems of restoration, and honest restorers admit that they often have to use considerable guessing. The general shape and contours of the body are fixed by the skeleton and by muscles attached to the skeleton, but surface features, which may give the animal its really charac
30、teristic look, are seldom restorable with any real probability of accuracy. The present often helps to interpret the past. An extinct animal presumably looked more or less like its living relatives, if it has any. This, however, may be quite equivocal. For example, extinct members of the horse famil
31、y are usually restored to look somewhat like the most familiar living horses domestic horses and their closest wild relatives. It is, however, possible and even probable that many extinct horses were striped like zebras. If lions and tigers were extinct they would be restored to look exactly alike.
32、No living elephants have much hair and mammoths, which are extinct elephants, would doubtless be restored as hairless if we did not happen to know that they had thick, woolly coats. We know this only because mammoths are so recently extinct that prehistoric men drew pictures of them and that the hid
33、e and hair have actually been found in a few specimens. For older extinct animals we have no such clues.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the text, the soft part of fossilized animals（分数：2.00）A.can always be accurately identified.B.have usually left some traces.C.can usually be reconstructed.D.have always
34、vanished without any trace.(2).The muscles of a fossilized animal can sometimes be reconstructed because（分数：2.00）A.they were preserved with the present relatives of the animal.B.they were lodged inside the animal“s skull.C.they were hard parts of the animal“s body.D.they were attached to the animal“
35、s skeleton.(3).A fossilized animals external appearance is still reconstructed to（分数：2.00）A.satisfy popular curiosity.B.answer scientific questions.C.establish its activities.D.determine its eating habits.(4).The word “equivocal“ (Line 6,Para. 3) is closest in meaning to（分数：2.00）A.equally important.
36、B.definable.C.equally doubtful.D.deliberate.(5).According to the third paragraph, which of the following is true?（分数：2.00）A.A fossilized animal“s appearance is usually restored accurately.B.It is difficult to restore some fossilized animals because they had no external parts.C.The prehistoric elepha
37、nts are hairless.D.An extinct animal does not definitely look like its living relatives.That Louise Nevelson is believed by many critics to be the greatest twentieth-century sculptor is all the more remarkable because the greatest resistance to women artists has been, until recently, in the field of
38、 sculpture. Since Neolithic times, sculpture has been considered the prerogative of men, partly, perhaps, for purely physical reasons: it was erroneously assumed that women were not suited for the hard manual labor required in sculpting stone, carving wood, or working in metal. It has been only duri
39、ng the twentieth century that women sculptors have been recognized as major artists, and it has been in the United States, especially since the decades of the fifties and sixties, that women sculptors have shown the greatest originality and creative power. Their rise to prominence parallels the deve
40、lopment of sculpture itself in the United States: while there had been a few talented sculptors in the United States before the 1940“s, it was only after 1945 when New York was rapidly becoming the art capital of the world that major sculpture was produced in the United States. Some of the best was
41、the work of women. By far the most outstanding of these women is Louise Nevelson, who in the eyes of many critics is the most original female artist alive today. One famous and influential critic, Hilton Kramer, said of her work, “For myself, I think Ms. Nevelson succeeds where the painters often fa
42、il.“ Her works have been compared to the Cubist constructions of Picasso, the Surrealistic objects of Miro, and the Merzbau of Schwitters. Nevelson would be the first to admit that she has been influenced by all of these, as well as by African sculpture, and by Native American and pre-Columbian art,
43、 but she has absorbed all these influences and still created a distinctive art that expresses the urban landscape and the aesthetic sensibility of the twentieth century. Nevelson says, “I have always wanted to show the world that art is everywhere, except that it has to pass through a creative mind.
44、 “ Using mostly discarded wooden objects like packing crates, broken pieces of furniture, and abandoned architectural ornaments, all of which she has hoarded for years, she assembles architectural constructions of great beauty and power. Creating very freely with no sketches, she glues and nails obj
45、ects together, paints them black, or more rarely white or gold, and places them in boxes. These assemblages, walls, even entire environments create a mysterious, almost awe-inspiring atmosphere. Although she has denied any symbolic or religious intent in her works, their three-dimensional grandeur a
46、nd even their titles, such as Sky Cathedral and Night Cathedral, suggest such connotations. In some ways, her most ambitious works are closer to architecture than to traditional sculpture, but then neither Louise Nevelson nor her art fits into any neat category.（分数：10.00）(1).The writer implies in th
47、e first paragraph that（分数：2.00）A.Louise Nevelson was known before 1940s.B.until the 1950s and the 1960s, there was no major sculpture made by women artists.C.Ameirican sculpture developed with the appearance of women sculptors.D.New York became the art capital because of the contributions made by wo
48、men sculptors.(2).The author quotes Hilton Kramer in the second paragraph most probably to illustrate（分数：2.00）A.realism in Nevelson“s work.B.the unique qualities of Nevelson“s work.C.the extent of critical approval of Nevelson“s work.D.a distinction between sculpture and painting.(3).The word “assemblages“ (Line 4, Para. 4) is closest in meaning to（分数：2.00）A.assignments.B.assumptions.C.connotations.D.collections.(4).Which of the following is a major theme of Nevelson“ art?（分数：2.00）A.Architectural construction.B.Landscap
