1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 201 及答案解析(总分：144.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_The scientist who wants to predict the way which consumers will spend their money
2、 must study consumer behavior. He must 【B1】_ data both on the resources of consumers and on the motive that 【B2】_ to encourage or discourage money spending. If an economist were asked which of three groups borrow mostpeople with rising incomes,【B3】_incomes, or decreasing incomeshe would probably ans
3、wer, those with 【B4】_ incomes. 【B5】_, the answer was: people with rising incomes. People with decreasing incomes were 【B6】_ and people with stable incomes borrowed least. This shows us that traditional 【B7】_ about the relation between earning and spending are not always【B8】_. Another traditional ass
4、umption is that if people who have money expect prices to go up, they will【B9】_to buy.【B10】_, research surveys have shown that this is not always true. The expectations of price increases may not【B11】_buying. One typical attitude was expressed【B12】_the wife of mechanic in an interview at a time of r
5、ising price. “In a few months,“ she said, “well have【B13】_to spend on other things.“ Her family had been planning to buy a new car but they postponed this【B14】_. Furthermore, the rise in prices that has already taken place may be disliked and buyer s【B15】_may be produced. This is shown by the follow
6、ing【B16】_comment: “I just dont pay these prices; they are too high.“ The investigations mentioned above were【B17】_in America. If prices have been stable and people consider that they are【B18】_, they are likely to buy. Thus, it appears that the common business policy of【B19】_stable prices is based on
7、 a correct understanding of consumer【B20】_.（分数：40.00）(1).【B1】（分数：2.00）A.achieveB.processC.resistD.interpret(2).【B2】（分数：2.00）A.tendB.preferC.stickD.object(3).【B3】（分数：2.00）A.dynamicB.balancedC.stableD.stationary(4).【B4】（分数：2.00）A.degeneratingB.diminishingC.subtractingD.undermining(5).【B5】（分数：2.00）A.Ac
8、tuallyB.EventuallyC.FranklyD.So(6).【B6】（分数：2.00）A.subsequentB.nextC.neighboringD.following(7).【B7】（分数：2.00）A.outlooksB.statementsC.predictionsD.presumptions(8).【B8】（分数：2.00）A.reliableB.susceptibleC.mistakenD.trusting(9).【B9】（分数：2.00）A.inhibitB.hesitateC.hastenD.dash(10).【B10】（分数：2.00）A.EvenB.Moreove
9、rC.InsteadD.Besides(11).【B11】（分数：2.00）A.stimulateB.guaranteeC.convinceD.stir(12).【B12】（分数：2.00）A.fromB.byC.viaD.across(13).【B13】（分数：2.00）A.mostB.moreC.littleD.fewer(14).【B14】（分数：2.00）A.behaviorB.purchaseC.activityD.attempt(15).【B15】（分数：2.00）A.objectionB.indifferenceC.resistanceD.dislike(16).【B16】（分数
10、：2.00）A.evidentB.typicalC.basicD.considerate(17).【B17】（分数：2.00）A.designedB.producedC.createdD.conducted(18).【B18】（分数：2.00）A.disposableB.predictableC.reasonableD.sensible(19).【B19】（分数：2.00）A.maintainingB.sustainingC.retainingD.keeping(20).【B20】（分数：2.00）A.predictionB.ideaC.psychologyD.intelligence二、Re
11、ading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：60.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._These days we hear lots of nonsense about the “great classless society“. The idea that the twentieth century is the
12、age of the common man has become one of the great cliches of our time. The same old arguments are put forward in evidence. Here are some of them: monarchy as a system of government has been completely discarded. In a number of countries the victory has been completed. The people rule; the great mill
13、ennium has become a political reality. But has it? Close examination doesn t bear out the claim. It is a fallacy to suppose that all men are equal and that society will be leveled out if you provide everybody with the same educational opportunities. The fact is that nature dispenses brains and abili
14、ty with a total disregard for the principle of equality. The old rules of the jungle, survival of the fittest, and might is right are still with us. The spread of education has destroyed the old class system and created a new one. Rewards are based on merit. For aristocracy “read meritocracy“; in ot
15、her respects, society remains unaltered: the class system is rigidly maintained. What is the first thing people do when they become rich? They use their wealth to secure the best possible opportunities for their children, to give them a good start in life. For all the lip service we pay to the idea
16、of equality, we do not consider this wrong in the western world. Private schools offer unfair advantages over state schools are not banned. In this way, the new meritocracy can perpetuate itself to a certain extent: an able child from a wealthy home can succeed far more rapidly than his poorer count
17、erpart. Wealth is also used indiscriminately to further political ends. It would be almost impossible to become the leader of a democracy without massive financial backing. Money is as powerful a weapon as ever it was. In societies wholly dedicated to the principle of social equality, privileged pri
18、vate education is forbidden. But even here people are rewarded according to their abilities. In fact, so great is the need for skilled workers that the least able may be neglected. Bright children are carefully and expensively trained to become future rulers. In the end, all political ideologies boi
19、l down to the same thing: class divisions persist whether you are ruled by a feudal king or an educated peasant.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the author, the same educational opportunities cant get rid of inequality because_.（分数：2.00）A.the principle survival of the fittest existsB.nature ignores equali
20、ty in dispensing brains and abilityC.material rewards are for genuine abilityD.people have the freedom to educate their children(2).Who can obtain more rapid success?（分数：2.00）A.Those with wealth.B.Those with the best brains.C.Those with the best opportunities.D.Those who have the ability to catch at
21、 opportunities.(3).New meritocracy can perpetuate itself to a certain extent because_.（分数：2.00）A.money is a powerful weaponB.private schools offer advantages over state schoolsC.people are free to choose the way of educating their childrenD.wealth is used for political ends(4).According to the autho
22、r, “class divisions“ refers to_.（分数：2.00）A.the rich and the poorB.different opportunities for peopleC.oppressor and the oppressedD.genius and stupidity(5).What is the main idea of this passage?（分数：2.00）A.Equality of opportunity in the twentieth century has not destroyed the class system.B.Equality m
23、eans money.C.There is no such society as classless society.D.Nature cant give you a classless society.The methods of testing a person s knowledge and ability remain as primitive as ever they were. After all these years, educationists have still failed to device anything more efficient and reliable t
24、han examinations. For all the pious claim that examinations test what you know, it is common knowledge that they more often do the exact opposite. They may be a good means of testing memory, or the skill of working rapidly under extreme pressure, but they can tell you nothing about a person s true a
25、bility and aptitude. As anxiety-makers, examinations are second to none . That is because so much depends on them. They are markers of success or of failure in our society. Your whole future may be decided in one fateful day. No one can give of his best when he is in mortal terror, or after a sleepl
26、ess night, yet this is precisely what the examination system expects him to do. The moment a child begins school, he enters a world of vicious competition where success and failure are clearly defined and measured. A good education should, among other things, train you to think for yourself. The exa
27、mination system does anything but that. What has to be learnt is rigidly laid down by a syllabus, so the student is encouraged to memorize. They lower the standards of teaching, for they deprive the teacher of all freedoms. Teachers themselves are often judged by examination results and instead of t
28、eaching their subjects. The most successful candidates are not always the best educated; they are the best trained in the technique of working under duress. The results on which so much depends are often nothing more than a subjective assessment by some anonymous examiner. Examiners are only human.
29、Yet they have to mark stacks of hastily scrawled scripts in a limited amount of time. They work under the same sort of pressure as the candidates. And their word carries weight. After a judge s decision you have the right of appeal, but not after an examiners. There must surely be many simpler and m
30、ore effective ways of assessing a person s true abilities. Is it cynical to suggest that examinations are merely a profitable business for the institutions that run them? This is what it boils down to in the last analysis. The best comment on the system is this illiterate message recently scrawled o
31、n a wall: I were a teenage drop-out and now I am a teenage millionaire.（分数：10.00）(1).The authors attitude towards examinations is_.（分数：2.00）A.abhorrentB.approvalC.criticalD.indifferent(2).What is the meaning of the underlined sentence in the second paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Examinations leave so great pr
32、essure to the students.B.Anxiety-makers attach much importance to the examination.C.The makers of examinations are more likely to be anxious.D.Examinations are the first in importance.(3).According to the author, the most important aspect of a good education is_.（分数：2.00）A.to encourage students to r
33、ead widelyB.to train students to think on their ownC.to teach students how to tackle examsD.to master his fate(4).Why does the author mention the court?（分数：2.00）A.To give an example.B.To compare.C.To show that teachers evolutions depend on the results of examinations.D.To prove the results of court
34、are more effective.(5).The main idea of this passage is_.（分数：2.00）A.examinations exert a detrimental influence on educationB.examinations are ineffectiveC.examinations are profitable for institutionsD.examinations are a burden on studentsA fundamental problem for understanding the evolution of human
35、 language has been the lack of significant parallels among nonhuman primates. Several studies found that nonhuman primates do not have a vocal tract. However, such points have been challenged by recent research, suggesting that nonhuman primates may after all be valuable models for understanding the
36、 evolution of speech and language. The main animal model for vocal learning has been birdsong acquisition. However, there are crucial differences between birdsong acquisition and human language learning. And given some severe limitations, for example, birds have two vocal organs and do not have the
37、flexible supralaryn-geal structures that facilitate speech, of birdsong as a model of speech, there is value in seeking other appropriate parallels among mammals. Recent studies on macaques and baboons have shown that the vocal tracts of these monkeys can produce a full range of human-like vowels. T
38、urn-taking is a key to fluent human conversation and has been thought to be unique to humans. One study found that captive chimpanzees increasingly share resources when resources are diminished. Collaborative turn-taking for food has been seen in other primates. These recent studies show that there
39、is value in looking for the evolutionary origins of speech and language in nonhuman primates. Human speech and language are highly complex systems with multiple components. Thus, to fully explain language origins, researchers must seek multiple models that represent both diverging and converging evo
40、lutionary processes. There may also be differences among primate species in the developmental processes that parallel human language acquisition. However, no studies have yet described vowel-like sounds in these monkeys, so marmosets and tamarins may be useful primarily for developmental studies. It
41、 is probable that early humans faced evolutionary pressures that differed from those encountered by other primates and that have made our complex communication system adaptive. Language may have been important for coordinating activities in large cooperative groups. If individuals can thrive without
42、 complex vocal signaling, there would be little motivation to push the communication further. Different sensory and motor systems may be important. We tend to evaluate language through a vocal / auditory system, whereas research on apes is beginning to illustrate the complexity of gestural communica
43、tion. Nonhuman primates do not talk, but we should not expect them to. Each species has its own adaptations for communication. Nevertheless, there is much about language evolution that we can learn from nonhuman primates, provided that we study a variety of species and consider the multiple componen
44、ts of speech and language.（分数：10.00）(1).The example of birdsong acquisition is mentioned to_.（分数：2.00）A.highlight the necessity of studying other suitable candidates among mammalsB.stress the urgency to find crucial differences between birdsong acquisition and human language learningC.explain the se
45、vere limitations of birdsongD.emphasize that birds do not have the flexible supralaryngeal structures that facilitate speech(2).We can infer from Paragraph 4 that_.（分数：2.00）A.nonhuman primates are of great significance in studying the fountain of speechB.the relationship between human speech and lan
46、guage is extremely complicatedC.fluent human conversation has no relationship with turn-takingD.the vocal tracts of the mammals can produce human-like vowels(3).The word “converging“ (Para. 4) is closest in meaning to_.（分数：2.00）A.assemblingB.deviatingC.convertingD.convicting(4).The author s attitude
47、 toward studying nonhuman primates is one of_.（分数：2.00）A.full approvalB.severe criticismC.passive acceptanceD.slight tolerance(5).Which of the following would be the best title for the text?（分数：2.00）A.Learning from Monkey “Talk“B.Nonhuman PrimatesC.The Evolution of Human LanguageD.Seeking Multiple M
48、odelsHere are some management tools that can be used to help you lead a purposeful life. 1. Use Your Resources Wisely. Your decisions about allocating your personal time, energy, and talent shape your lifes strategy. We have a limited amount of time, energy and talent. How much do we devote to each of these pursuits? Allocation choices can make your life turn out to be very different from what you intended. If you dont invest your resources wisely, the outcome c
