1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 209 及答案解析(总分：144.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_We are witnessing diminishing faith in institutions of all kinds. People dont tru
2、st the government. They dont trust banks and other corporations. At the same time, we are 【C1】_ a period of profound technological change. 【C2】_ the rise of bio-engineering, networked devices, space exploration, and machine learning, the mobile internet is recontextualizing how we 【C3】_ one another,
3、 dramatically changing the way people seek and share information, and 【C4】_ how we express our will as citizens in a democratic society. But trust is a 【C5】_ for democratic governance. And now, many are growing 【C6】_ with democracy itself. Thats why we asked more than two dozen people 【C7】_ think de
4、eply about the intersection of technology and civics to 【C8】_ two questions: Is technology hurting democracy? And can technology help save democracy? We received an(a) 【C9】_ response. They are 【C10】_ many aspects and put a spotlight 【C11】_ particular on correcting institutional failures that have co
5、ntributed most to inequality of access 【C12】_ to ideological divisiveness and the spread of misinformation. They also offer concrete solutions for 【C13】_ citizens, corporations, and governmental bodies can improve the free flow of reliable information, pull one another 【C14】_ ever-deepening partisan
6、 echo chambers, and 【C15】_ the integrity of the voting process itself. 【C16】_ the unanimous sense of urgency, the authors of these essays are cautiously optimistic, too. Everyone who participated in this series believes there is hope yetfor democracy, and 【C17】_ the institutions that support it. The
7、y also believe that technology can help, 【C18】_ it will take time and money. Democracy can still 【C19】_ in this uncertain age, but not without 【C20】_ and immediate action from the people who believe it is worth protecting.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.living inB.living throughC.living onD.living with
8、(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.Thanks toB.Instead ofC.Apart fromD.Along with(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.relate toB.connect withC.deal withD.put up with(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.reversingB.regainingC.recognizingD.reconfiguring(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.commodityB.rewardC.requisiteD.quality(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.disillusionedB.hopefulC.stre
9、ssedD.optimistic(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.whoeverB.whomC.whoD./(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.allow forB.take account ofC.reckon withD.reflect on(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.objectiveB.generousC.overwhelmingD.negative(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.concerned withB.familiar withC.involved inD.acquainted with(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.onB.inC.atD
10、.with(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.on the other handB.on the contraryC.in additionD.as well as(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.whereB.whatC.howD.when(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.out ofB.fromC.ontoD.into(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.set upB.shore upC.take upD.make up(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.ConcerningB.ForC.DespiteD.Beneath(17).【C17】（分数：2.00
11、）A.forB.inC.withD.at(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.sinceB.thoughC.becauseD.when(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.vanishB.sproutC.witherD.thrive(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.imprudentB.deliberateC.sluggishD.meticulous二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：60.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following fou
12、r texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._Managing global organizations has been a business challenge for centuries. But the nature of the task is changing with the accelerating shift of economic activity from Europe and North America to markets in Africa, Asia, and Lat
13、in America. McKinsey Global Institute research suggests that 400 midsize emerging-market cities, many unfamiliar in the West, will generate nearly 40 percent of global growth over the next 15 years. The International Monetary Fund confirms that the ten fastest-growing economies during the years ahea
14、d will all be in emerging markets. Against this backdrop , continuing advances in information and communications technology have made possible new forms of international coordination within global companies and potential new ways for them to flourish in these fast-growing markets. There are individu
15、al success stories. IBM expects to earn 30 percent of its revenues in emerging markets by 2015, up from 17 percent in 2009. At Unilever, emerging markets make up 56 percent of the business already. And Aditya Birla Group, a multinational conglomerate based in India, now has operations in 40 countrie
16、s and earns more than half its revenue outside India. But, overall, global organizations are struggling to adapt. A year ago, we uncovered a “globalization penalty“: high-performing global companies consistently scored lower than more locally focused ones on several dimensions of organizational heal
17、th. For example, the former were less effective at establishing a shared vision, encouraging innovation, executing “on the ground,“ and building relationships with governments and business partners. Equally arresting was evidence from colleagues in McKinseys strategy practice showing that global com
18、panies headquartered in emerging markets have been growing faster than counterparts headquartered in developed ones, even when both are operating on “neutral turf“ emerging markets where neither is based (see “Parsing the growth advantage of emerging-market companies“). Over the past year, weve trie
19、d to understand more clearly the challenges facing global organizations, as well as approaches that are helping some to thrive. Our work has included surveys and structured interviews with more than 300 executives at 17 of the worlds leading global organizations spanning a diverse range of sectors a
20、nd geographies, a broader survey of more than 4,600 executives, and time spent working directly with the leaders of dozens of global organizations trying to address these issues. Clearly, no single organizational model is best for all companies handling the realities of rapid growth in emerging mark
21、ets and round-the-clock global communications. Thats partly because the opportunities and challenges facing companies vary, depending on their business models. R the amounts that insurance companies are willing to pay for those services. The figures are determined by a negotiated contract that dicta
22、tes the rate at which the companies will reimburse the hospital on the patients behalf. (In addition, the rates paid by Medicare and Medicaid, Askinazi adds, often fail to cover the hospitals cost of providing the service in the first place, which means some of those costs are often shifted to comme
23、rcially insured patients.) Now, all those factors affect the math for one simple outpatient test. For an inpatient hospital stay, those computations sprout into an intricate vine in which every service (from radiology to pathology) generates its own charges. The hospital also has facility charges, c
24、overing room and board, certain room-use fees (such as the operating room) , and nursing services, all of which get consolidated into the bill sent to you and your insurance company. As technology advances, those charges rise. Palmer had a client from Louisville, Kentucky, who was astonished to rece
25、ive a charge of $45,330 for a prostate surgery and an overnight stay (insurance would cover only $4,845). The billing department told Palmer that the steep price was not only because it was a robotic procedure but also because patients who receive the high-tech surgery shortly after the hospital sta
26、rts offering it are helping to recoup the facilitys equipment costs.（分数：10.00）(1).According to Murray Askinazi, the charge for an outpatient MRI is based on the following factors EXCEPT _.（分数：2.00）A.the maintenance of the machineryB.staff salariesC.local taxationD.malpractice insurance fees(2).Which
27、 of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?（分数：2.00）A.Some of the hospital costs will be covered by commercial insurance companies.B.The insurance companies are willing to pay for all the charges.C.Hospital sticker prices usually get trumped by a high power from the hospital.D.The rate that
28、insurance companies will pay is determined by themselves.(3).“An intricate vine“ (Line 2, Para. 4) refers to _.（分数：2.00）A.the difficulty for an inpatient hospital stayB.the huge amount of hospital chargesC.the problem in calculating hospital chargesD.the complexity of hospital charges(4).The example
29、 of Palmers client in the last paragraph indicates that _.（分数：2.00）A.the technology applied in medical services is quite advancedB.the client spent $ 45,330 on a prostate surgeryC.the improvement of technology may lead to the rise of hospital chargesD.the surgery was conducted by robots only(5).What
30、 is this passage mainly concerned with?（分数：2.00）A.The problems in U. S. hospitals and medical centers.B.Why a hospital bill costs what it costs.C.How difficult it is for a patient to get medical services.D.How the medical charges rise as technology advances.If you didnt know any better, you might mi
31、stake the Newark Earthworks in southern Ohio for the product of some giant celestial spirit who went crazy with an Etch A Sketch. The Earthworks (or whats left of them) are actually a series of huge geometric mounds that anthropologists believe were created two millennia ago by ancestors of Native A
32、mericans called the Hopewell people. The most significant feature still standing is known as the Octagon, which has 550-foot-long earthen walls and a footprint big enough to hold four Roman Colosseums. The structure is connected, via two parallel embankments, to a perfect, 20-acre circle. Together t
33、he two shapes form a sophisticated astronomical observatoryscientists have discovered that the structure is precisely aligned with the 18.6-year lunar cycles northernmost moonrise. The residents of Newark will tell you that it is also precisely aligned with the ninth fairway at the private Moundbuil
34、ders Country Club. The Earthworks are a National Historic Landmark, and they are under consideration for the UNESCO World Heritage list of cultural and natural wonders. But if you want to see themwell, youre too late. During the golf season, everyone but club members is kept out, except on four visi
35、ting days. Lets not condemn the duffers so fast. The club, which since 1910 has occupied the Octagon and covered all maintenance costs, is widely credited with preventing the place from being plowed under. The issue is how to accommodate nonmembers who want more access, especially for Native America
36、n ceremonial purposes. Most visitors end up seeing only a tiny part of the Octagon from a small observation deck. Or they can follow the asphalt cart path that winds past the swimming pool, an old tennis court, and a parking lot to reach a chain-link fence through which, off in the distance, they ca
37、n glimpse the loaf-shaped mound known as the Observatory. Several years ago the financially strapped Ohio Historical Society, which owns the Earthworks, extended the clubs lease until 2078. If the World Heritage site nomination goes through, tourism would undoubtedly jump. That would certainly put m
38、ore pressure on the club and historical society. One frequently suggested scenario is for the federal government to buy out the club and turn the Newark Earthworks into a national park.Some people simply refuse to be intimidated by men wearing spiky shoes and pastel shirts. Cherokee elder Barbara Cr
39、andell has climbed the Observatory to pray for more than two decadesbut not once, the octogenarian is proud to point out, when the golf course has dictated. She goes when her heart calls. A few years ago, after Crandell, with the aid of a cane, made her way to the top, club officials showed up and a
40、sked her to leave. When she refused, she was arrested and later convicted of trespassing. Friends passed the hat and paid off her $ 883 fine and court costs in Sacagawea dollar coins.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the first paragraph, the Newark Earthworks are _.（分数：2.00）A.the product of some giant cele
41、stial spirit who went crazy with an Etch A SketchB.a series of huge geometric mounds that the Hopewell people created two millennia agoC.the Octagon and a perfect 20-acre circle which it is connected toD.the structure that is precisely aligned with the 18.6-year lunar cycles northernmost moonrise(2)
42、.The authors view about the golf club is that it _.（分数：2.00）A.makes contributions to prevent the place from being plowedB.should be blamed because the non-members are kept out of the EarthworksC.should allow the non-members to see the place during the golf seasonD.should be bought out by the federal
43、 government and turned into a national park(3).According to Paragraph 3, the following claims are correct EXCEPT that _.（分数：2.00）A.most visitors can see only a tiny part of the OctagonB.the loaf-shaped mound is far from the chain-link fenceC.it would put more pressure on the club if the nomination g
44、oes throughD.the only way to protect the place is that the government buys out the club(4).Why was the octogenarian Barbara Crandell arrested?（分数：2.00）A.Because she refused to be intimidated by men wearing spiky shoes and pastel shirts.B.Because she has climbed the Observatory to pray for more than
45、two decades.C.Because she refused to leave the top of the Observatory when the club officials showed up.D.Because she intimidated the club officials.(5).It can be inferred from the passage that _.（分数：2.00）A.the Octagon is four times bigger than Roman ColosseumsB.the Earthworks have got the nominatio
46、n for the UNESCO World Heritage ListC.the club, instead of the Ohio Historical Society, owned the Earthworks several years agoD.people who want more access to the Earthworks are always intimidated by the club officialsSpring is here: flowers are in bloom, birdsong fills the air, and the inboxes of e
47、mployers are clogged with desperate pleas for summer internships. College students and graduates are well aware of the impact a plummy placement could have their careers. With ever fewer entry level jobs in many industries, internships have become a critical first step into employment. In America, t
48、hree-quarters of students on a four-year university course will have toiled as an intern at least once before graduation. Up to half of these gimlet-eyed workers will have given their services free. Some may even have had to pay for the privilege of coming to work. Unpaid internships seem to be an example of mutual utility: inexperienced youngsters learn something about a chosen field while employers get to farm out some menial work. The arrangement is consensual, and co
