1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 152 及答案解析(总分：136.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Any sufficiently advanced technology, noted Arthur C. Clarke, a British science-f
2、iction writer, is indistinguishable from magic. The fast-emerging technology of voice computing proves his【C1】_Using it is just like casting a spell: say a few words into the air, and a nearby device can【C2】_your wish. The Amazon Echo, a voice-driven cylindrical computer that sits on a table top and
3、 answers to the name Alexa, can【C3】_music tracks and radio stations, tell jokes, answer trivia questions and control smart【C4】_; even before Christmas it was already resident in about 4% of American households. Voice assistants are【C5】_in smartphones, too: Apples Siri【C6】_over 2 billion commands a w
4、eek, and 20% of Google【C7】_on Android powered handsets in America are input by voice. Dictating e-mails and text messages now works【C8】_enough to be useful. Why type when you can talk? This is a huge shift. Simple【C9】_it may seem, voice has the power to transform computing, by providing a natural me
5、ans of interaction. Windows, icons and menus, and then touchscreens, were welcomed as more【C10】_ways to deal with computers than entering complex keyboard【C11】_But being able to talk to computers【C12】_the need for the abstraction of a “user interface“ at all.【C13】_mobile phones were more than existi
6、ng phones without wires, and cars were more than carriages without horses, so computers without screens and keyboards have the【C14】_to be more useful and powerful than people can imagine today. Voice will not wholly【C15】_other forms of input and output. Sometimes it will remain more【C16】_to converse
7、 with a machine by typing rather than talking. But voice is destined to【C17】_a growing share of peoples interactions with the technology around them, from washing machines that tell you how much of the cycle they have left to virtual assistants in corporate call-centres.【C18】_, to reach its full pot
8、ential, the technology requires【C19】_breakthroughsand a resolution of the【C20】_questions it raises around the trade-off between convenience and privacy.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.spotB.noticeC.pointD.note(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.makeB.allowC.reachD.grant(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.call upB.make upC.show upD.take
9、 up(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.implementsB.appliancesC.complementD.assistance(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.decliningB.surgingC.mergingD.vanishing(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.entersB.dictatesC.handlesD.requires(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.searchesB.tracksC.findsD.issues(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.possiblyB.necessarilyC.adequatelyD.reliably(9).【C9】（
10、分数：2.00）A.becauseB.thoughC.whenD.since(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.intuitiveB.difficultC.abstractD.private(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.contentsB.commentsC.commandsD.contexts(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.reducesB.increasesC.moderatesD.abolishes(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.Such asB.Much asC.Just asD.As such(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.potent
11、ialB.capabilityC.entitlementD.responsibility(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.retainB.replaceC.reformD.resume(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.complicatedB.conventionalC.consistentD.convenient(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.call forB.answer forC.account forD.take for(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.ThereforeB.HoweverC.LikewiseD.Although(19).【C19】（
12、分数：2.00）A.furtherB.distantC.instantD.prompt(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.strangeB.uniqueC.specialD.tricky二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：52.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._Cycling in Londo
13、n is less pleasant than in many European cities. Main roads teem with lorries; winding back streets are hard to navigate. The number of bicycle journeys has nonetheless doubled since 2000. Nationally, just 2% pedal to work. In Hackney, in Londons East End, fully 9% do. But only 2% of women cycle to
14、work in London, compared with 5% of men. Blacks and other ethnic minorities are reluctant to do it, too. Boris Johnson, Londons mayor, oversaw the introduction of a bike-hiring scheme, which was started by his predecessor but quickly became known as the “Boris bike“. He pushed for bright blue cycle
15、paths on some busy roads. But the new cycle highways are far more ambitious and permanent. One will run east-west through the City and the West End. Another will run two miles from Elephant and Castle in the south to Farringdon in north London. Four existing routes will also be improved, while aroun
16、d 30 of the citys busiest junctions will be made a bit less dangerous. The new superhighways ought to be much safer than Londons existing cycle lanes. A raised pavement will keep cyclists away from cars and lorries. Junctions will be redesigned and some parking baysincluding a few for the disabledwi
17、ll be removed. Cars will be prevented from turning down certain streets. Similar schemes exist elsewhere: since 2007 around 30 miles of protected cycle lanes have been created in New York. In Amsterdam, where lanes have existed for decades, old people and women are far more inclined to cycle. Greens
18、 have long lobbied for cycle paths on the grounds that moving people out of cars cuts air pollution. A series of highly publicised accidents, including one involving a newspaper journalist, and several deaths in the city have also put pressure on the mayor to make London safer. And the social transf
19、ormation of the capital has encouraged officials to smile on cyclists. The population of inner London is rebounding as affluent folk move in. The new inhabitants want cleaner streets and fewer cars, which are viewed as suburban. Cycling was once a means of transport for the poor. But it has become a
20、n important marker of an affluent world city, argues Isabel Dedring, the deputy mayor for transport. “Theres more pressure on cities to be nice places to live,“ she says.（分数：10.00）(1).Riding a bike in London is unpleasant because of the citys_.（分数：2.00）A.enormous number of cyclistsB.numerous winding
21、 main streetsC.heavy traffic and complex terrainD.complicated and changeable weather(2).According to the text, who is more likely to ride a bike in London?（分数：2.00）A.Working males.B.Senior citizens.C.Working women.D.Unemployed people.(3).Which of the following is true about Boris Johnson?（分数：2.00）A.
22、He initiated a bike-hiring scheme called“Boris bike“.B.He made great effort to build infrastructure for cycling.C.He is a man with strong ambition and great perseverance.D.He supervised the construction of the new cycle highway.(4).The Green Partys attitude towards cycling is_.（分数：2.00）A.optimisticB
23、.impartialC.criticalD.favorable(5).According to Isabel Dedring, one pressure modern cities face is_.（分数：2.00）A.how to be affluentB.how to be habitableC.how to boost cyclingD.how to reduce pollutionMarion Nestles heavyweight criticism against Coca-Cola and PepsiCo comes at an odd moment for the indus
24、try. Americans are drinking fewer sugary sodasin 2012 production was 23% below what it had been a decade earlier. Even sales of diet drinks are losing their fizz, as consumers question the merits of artificial sweeteners. From one angle, it would seem that health advocates such as Ms Nestle have won
25、. Yet in America companies still produce 30 gallons of regular fizzy drinks per person per year. In many countries, particularly developing ones, consumption is on the rise. Ms Nestle, a professor at New York University, is both inspired by recent progress and dissatisfied with it. That is no surpri
26、se. Her first book, Food Politics, remains a bible for those who complain about the power of food companies. In her new book she attacks the industrys most widely consumed, least healthy product. Soda Politics, she says, is a book “to inspire readers to action“. As a rallying cry, it is verbose. Whe
27、n readers learn on page 238 that she will pick up a particular subject in chapter 25, it is with no little dismay that they realize they are only on chapter 17. But what the author wants most is to craft a detailed guide to the producers alleged violation, and how to stop them. Ms Nestle says she wo
28、uld have no complaint with sweet fizzy drinks if they were sipped occasionally, as a treat. However, for millions of people in many countries, they are not. In Mexico companies sold 372 cans of fizzy drinks per person in 2012. About half of Americans do not drink them regularly, but those who do are
29、 disproportionately poor, less educated, male, Hispanic or black. 10% of Americans down more than four cans a day. Drinking a lot of sweet fizzy drinks is plainly unhealthy. Unlike a Big Mac, they have no nutritional value; nor do their calories satisfy hunger. One large study found that for each ca
30、n added to a persons daily diet, the risk of diabetes jumped by 22%. There are also links between sugar and heart disease, stroke and cancer. Drinking lots of sodas imposes clear costs on individuals, Ms Nestle argues, but it has a broader cost, too. American taxpayers subsidize corn production and
31、let the poor use government food vouchers to buy fizzy drinks. More important, taxpayers foot the health bill for those who develop chronic disease.（分数：10.00）(1).Diet drinks become unpopular in America because_.（分数：2.00）A.only poor people drink themB.they contain too much sugarC.people doubt they ar
32、e unhealthyD.consumers think they are artificial(2).In the book Soda Politics, Marion Nestle_.（分数：2.00）A.called for food companies to adopt some measuresB.criticized the food industry and the unwise consumersC.called on consumers to take action against unhealthy foodD.intended to write a detailed gu
33、ide to the producers violation(3).Nestle tends to agree that drinking cola occasionally is_.（分数：2.00）A.healthyB.acceptableC.harmfulD.questionable(4).According to the last paragraph, having too many soda drinks _.（分数：2.00）A.can increase the risk of deathB.will inevitably lead to diabetesC.may bring t
34、he problem of obesityD.has something to do with certain diseases(5).The underlined word “foot“ (Line 6, Para. 4) is closest in meaning to_.（分数：2.00）A.pay forB.kick awayC.look forD.stay awayIt is a good time to be a fisherman. The global fish-price index of the UNs Food and Agricultural Organization
35、(FAO) hit a record high in May. Changing consumer diets, particularly in China, explain much of the sustained upward movement. High oil prices, which increase the cost of fishing and transportation, also add to the price of putting fish on the table. Not all fish are created equal, however. There ar
36、e two types offish production; “capture“ (or wild) and “aquaculture“ (or farmed). And they seem to be on different tracks. Fish such as tuna, the majority of which is caught wild, saw much bigger price increases than salmon, which is easier to farm. Overall, the FAOs price index for wild fish nearly
37、 doubled between 1990 and 2012, whereas the one for farmed fish rose by only a fifth. What explains this big difference? The amount of wild fish captured globally has barely changed in the past two decades. The ceiling, of about 90m tonnes a year, seems to have been reached at the end of the 1980s.
38、Overfishing is one reason, as is the limited room for productivity growth, particularly if consumers want high quality. Patrice Guillotreau of the University of Nantes tells the story of a fleet in France that decided to trawl, rather than line-catch, its tuna. It brought more back to shore, but the
39、 fish were damaged. It could not be sold as high-value fillets and was only good for canning. The old ways of catching fish are still best if you want the highest profits, says Mr Guillotreau. In contrast, the farmed-fish industry continues to make productivity improvements. Fish farms have found cr
40、afty ways to use lower quantities of fish meal as feed. In the early days of aquaculture, it could take up to ten pounds of wild fish to produce one pound of salmon. Now the number is down to five. That may still be an inefficient use of protein, but the ratio is set to improve further. Fish farms h
41、ave also become more energy-efficient, meaning that they are less affected by higher energy prices. And they have learned how to handle diseases better, reducing the quantity of fish that ends up being unsellable. As a result of all these improvements, the global production of farmed fish, measured
42、in tonnes, now exceeds the production of beef. Output is likely to continue growing: the FAO estimates that by 2020 it will reach six times its 1990 level.（分数：10.00）(1).The global fish price is growing because of_.（分数：2.00）A.the shortage of fishermenB.ever-increasing oil pricesC.the change of Chines
43、e dietsD.high market demand and cost(2).Tuna and salmon are mentioned to show that_.（分数：2.00）A.salmon is not as expensive as tunaB.tuna is more popular among consumersC.wild fish is more precious than farmed fishD.the prices of fish are in fact decided by FAO(3).According to Patrice Guillotreau, the
44、 price of wild fish is decided by its_.（分数：2.00）A.qualityB.sizeC.quantityD.popularity(4).The production of farmed fish is growing due to the following reasons except_.（分数：2.00）A.disease controlB.lower labour costC.energy conservationD.reduction of fish feed(5).The most suitable title for the text is
45、_.（分数：2.00）A.Wild Fish; Demand Decides PriceB.The Rising Price of Rare Wild FishC.Farmed Fish: Making ImprovementsD.The Prices of Fishes: Rising DifferentlyBritains private schools are one of its most successful exports. The children of the well-heeled flock to them, whether from China, Nigeria or R
46、ussia: the number of foreign pupils rose by 1. 4% in the last year alone. One headmaster recently asked a room full of pupils whether they flew business class to Britain. Only a few hands went up, suggesting they were not quite as spoiled as he had thought. Then a boy explained; many of the pupils f
47、ly first class instead. Yet foreign students, whether educated in British private schools or elsewhere, are decreasingly likely to go to English universities. According to the Higher Education Funding Council for England, 307,200 overseas students began their studies in the country in 2012-2013, dow
48、n from 312,000 two years earlier and the first drop in 29 years. Student numbers from the rest of the EU fellprobably a result of the increase in annual tuition fees in England from 6,000 a year to 9,000. But arrivals from India and Pakistan declined most sharply. In contrast to the visa regime for private schools, which is extremely lax (the Home Office counts private schools as favoured sponsors) , student visas have been tightened. Foreign
