1、考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 58 及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Some people are friendly drunks, whereas others are hostile, potentially posing
2、 a danger to themselves and others. The difference may【C1】_in their ability to foresee the consequences of their actions, according to a recent study. Brad Bushman, a psychologist at Ohio State University, and his colleagues asked nearly 500 volunteers to play a simple game. The subjects, an even mi
3、x of women and men, believed they were【C2】_against an opponent to press a button as quickly as possible. In【C3】_, they were simply using a computer program that randomly decided【C4】_they had won or lost. When they lost, they【C5】_a shock. When the “opponent“ lost, the participant gave the shock and c
4、hose how long and【C6】_ it should be. 【C7】_playing, the participants completed a survey designed to【C8】_their general concern for the【C9】_consequences of their actions. Half the participants then received enough alcohol mixed with orange juice to make them legally【C10】_, and the other half received a
5、 drink with a very【C11】_amount of alcohol in it. Subjects who expressed little interest in consequences were more likely to【C12】_longer, stronger shocks. In the【C13】_group, they were slightly more aggressive than people who【C14】_about consequences. When drunk, 【C15】_, their aggressiveness was off th
6、e charts. “They are【C16】_the most aggressive people in the study,“ Bushman says. The good news is that this【C17】_can be changed. Michael McKloskey, a psychologist at Temple University, explains that if【C18】_people can learn to see the【C19】_more realistically, they“re able to stay calmer and develop
7、a sense of【C20】_over their consequences.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.situateB.lieC.rootD.locate(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.fightingB.leaningC.hittingD.competing(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.theoryB.turnC.realityD.return(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.whetherB.thatC.howD.what(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.initiatedB.evadedC.expectedD.received(6
8、).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.sharpB.seriousC.painfulD.intense(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.AfterB.DuringC.BeforeD.When(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.expressB.measureC.evokeD.communicate(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.actualB.moralC.futureD.distant(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.drunkB.consciousC.upsetD.comfortable(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.largeB.regularC.moderat
9、eD.tiny(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.getB.administerC.experienceD.endure(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.experimentalB.opponentC.soberD.original(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.caredB.thoughtC.talkedD.learned(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.thereforeB.thenC.howeverD.moreover(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.in allB.at bestC.for allD.by far(17).【C17】（分数：2.0
10、0）A.experimentB.traitC.resultD.theory(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.averageB.youngC.pessimisticD.impulsive(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.timeB.eventC.situationD.condition(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.controlB.guiltC.regretD.humorWomen have long been more in number than men on college campuses. They also hold more advanced degre
11、es than their male【C1】_. So it makes sense that women would also score higher on IQ tests. But for the last 100 years, they“ve lagged behind men by as much as five points【C2】_their scores have been rising. Finally, according to IQ expert James Flynn, women have【C3】_ the IQ gap and are in fact scorin
12、g higher than men, reports the Telegraph. IQ, the most widely used measure of【C4】_and is determined based on the difference between one“s IQ score and the【C5】_IQ score of a certain age group. It“s thought to be a product of both environmental and【C6】_factors, and is a statistically reliable【C7】_of f
13、uture educational achievement, job【C8】_and income. But the reasons for differences in IQ for example, between races or gendershave long been widely【C9】_. There are many【C10】_reasons that women finally surpassed men in IQ after a century of【C11】_, according to Flynn, who is writing a book about IQ an
14、d gender. One【C12】_is that women have【C13】_been capable of scoring higher but, because of gender stereotypes, never realized their own【C14】_. Gender-based differences in education,【C15】_ and social roles have historically set the【C16】_lower for women. “This【C17】_ is more noticeable for women than fo
15、r men【C18】_they were socially and economically【C19】_ in the past,“ Flynn told the Telegraph. Now if only women could close in on that annoying 【C20】_gap.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.partnersB.counterpartsC.classmatesD.opponents(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.whereasB.otherwiseC.althoughD.while(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.
16、identifiedB.narrowedC.reducedD.closed(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.intentionB.inspirationC.intelligenceD.incentive(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.averageB.totalC.topD.low(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.immuneB.mentalC.inheritedD.composite(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.sampleB.effectC.measureD.indication(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.performanceB.securityC.sat
17、isfactionD.stability(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.acceptedB.recognizedC.criticizedD.debated(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.personalB.obviousC.possibleD.sound(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.holding backB.tearing apartC.going throughD.falling behind(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.factorB.doubtC.theoryD.challenge(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.neverB.seldo
18、mC.oftenD.always(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.destinyB.potentialC.ambitionD.power(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.dignityB.backgroundC.habitD.breeding(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.standardB.recordC.limitD.pressure(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.differenceB.contrastC.changeD.improvement(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.thereforeB.whenC.becauseD.nonethel
19、ess(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.independentB.deprivedC.prominentD.remarkable(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.wageB.ageC.achievementD.height考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 58 答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered
20、blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：Some people are friendly drunks, whereas others are hostile, potentially posing a danger to themselves and others. The difference may【C1】_in their ability to foresee the consequences of their actions, according to a recent study. Brad Bushman, a psychologist
21、 at Ohio State University, and his colleagues asked nearly 500 volunteers to play a simple game. The subjects, an even mix of women and men, believed they were【C2】_against an opponent to press a button as quickly as possible. In【C3】_, they were simply using a computer program that randomly decided【C
22、4】_they had won or lost. When they lost, they【C5】_a shock. When the “opponent“ lost, the participant gave the shock and chose how long and【C6】_ it should be. 【C7】_playing, the participants completed a survey designed to【C8】_their general concern for the【C9】_consequences of their actions. Half the pa
23、rticipants then received enough alcohol mixed with orange juice to make them legally【C10】_, and the other half received a drink with a very【C11】_amount of alcohol in it. Subjects who expressed little interest in consequences were more likely to【C12】_longer, stronger shocks. In the【C13】_group, they w
24、ere slightly more aggressive than people who【C14】_about consequences. When drunk, 【C15】_, their aggressiveness was off the charts. “They are【C16】_the most aggressive people in the study,“ Bushman says. The good news is that this【C17】_can be changed. Michael McKloskey, a psychologist at Temple Univer
25、sity, explains that if【C18】_people can learn to see the【C19】_more realistically, they“re able to stay calmer and develop a sense of【C20】_over their consequences.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.situateB.lie C.rootD.locate解析：解析：下文的“他们预见自己行为后果的能力”应是上文“两种人醉酒后的不同表现”的原因。因此空格处应选表原因的 B 项 lie in“在于”。(2).【C2】（分数
26、：2.00）A.fightingB.leaningC.hittingD.competing 解析：解析：根据空格后的 all opponent(对手)，再结合上文的 a simple game(一个简单游戏)，可推断此处选 D 项 compete“竞争”，compete againstwith 意为“与竞争”，这里表示他们与对手竞争谁更快按下按钮。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.theoryB.turnC.reality D.return解析：解析：空格前一句说参加者认为是在比谁按下按钮快，空格后则说胜负是随机决定的(randomly decided)，两者语义相反，故选表“对比”的 C
27、 项 in reality。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.whether B.thatC.howD.what解析：解析：此处需填入 decided 后的宾语从句的引导词。根据从句中的 or，选择连词 whether，表明“随机决定他们赢了还是输了”。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.initiatedB.evadedC.expectedD.received 解析：解析：下一句提及“当对手输了，他们就给对手实施电击(gave the shock)”，故推断当他们输了，那么就将“接受”电击，因此选择与 gave 方向相反的 D 项 received“接受”。(6).【C6】（分数：2.
28、00）A.sharpB.seriousC.painfulD.intense 解析：解析：此处需要填入与 long 并列的形容词，修饰 shock(电击)。D 项 intense“强烈的”，表示他们选择要进行的时长和“强度”，符合句意。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.AfterB.DuringC.Before D.When解析：解析：此处需要填入表示时间的连词。该句说参与者需要完成一份问卷调查，下一句提到他们中的一半然后(men)拿到了混合橘子汁的酒，根据 then 可知完成问卷是在做游戏(playing)之前，故 C 项Before 正确。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.expre
29、ssB.measure C.evokeD.communicate解析：解析：空格要填入表 survey 设计目的的动词。A 项 express“表达”、C 项 evoke“唤起”或 D 项communicate“交流”自己对行为结果的关心程度都不会是调查的目的，逻辑上应该是 B 项 measure“衡量”关心程度。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.actualB.moralC.future D.distant解析：解析：第 1 段末句提到这个研究结果的结论，即他们预见行为结果的能力。根据 foresee 可知这些结果是还没有发生的因此这里也要填入表将来的 C 项 future。(10).【
30、C10】（分数：2.00）A.drunk B.consciousC.upsetD.comfortable解析：解析：空格前的 make 为使役动词，them 指的是 participants，根据空格前的 received enough alcohol(得到足够多酒精)，再结合实验目的是研究他们醉酒后的不同行为，故选 A 项 drunk“喝醉了的”。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.largeB.regularC.moderateD.tiny 解析：解析：本句与上一句说明两组不同的人所喝的不同饮料，实验分组通常需要对比以得出结论，根据上一句的 enough，可知空格应填入相对应的 D
31、项 they“很少的”。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.getB.administer C.experienceD.endure解析：解析：本句中出现的 longer，stronger shocks 对应第 1 段末句的 how long and_it should be。第 1 段末句提到，如果“对手”输了，参与者给予电击(gave the shock)，并选择要进行的时长等。由此选择与 gave 同义的 B 项 administer“给予”。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.experimentalB.opponentC.sober D.original解析：解析：本句中
32、的 they 指代前文提到的对行为后果几乎不关心的研究对象(subjects who)。本句提到这组人只比关心后果的人稍微好斗一点(slightly more aggressive)，后一句说到他们醉酒的状态。由此可知本句这里指的是没醉的时候，故填人 C 项 sober“清醒的”。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.cared B.thoughtC.talkedD.learned解析：解析：they 指代上一句的 Subjects who expressed little interest in consequences(对后果兴趣不大的实验对象)，than 提示，此处应选跟 expre
33、ssed little interest 反义的 A 项 cared“关心”。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.thereforeB.thenC.however D.moreover解析：解析：上文提到这些人比关心后果的人稍微好斗一点(slightly more aggressive)，本句说到他们醉酒时。好斗性比平常强烈得多，off the charts 意为 much mole than usual“比平常要多”。因此这两句是转折对比关系，故答案为 C 项 however。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.in allB.at bestC.for allD.by far 解
34、析：解析：选项中只有 D 项 by far“到目标为止”可以放在最高级前作程度副词。(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.experimentB.trait C.resultD.theory解析：解析：上文提到醉酒的人是最好斗的人，下文也说这种人可以更冷静，因此空格处指的就是这种好斗性(aggressiveness)，这是一种“特性”，故选 B 项 trait“特性”。(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.averageB.youngC.pessimisticD.impulsive 解析：解析：根据后一句的 they“re able to stay calmer，可知这类人需要保持冷静
35、，因此可推断他们是“冲动”的人，故填入 D 项 impulsive“冲动的”。(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.timeB.eventC.situation D.condition解析：解析：这句提到解决办法，句子说，如果人们能够更现实地看待。要填入的词应是复指consequences“后果”的词，故选 C 项 situation“情形，状况”正确。(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.control B.guiltC.regretD.humor解析：解析：develop a serise of_ over their consequences 与 stay calmer 并列，因
36、此两者的含义应该近义，符合逻辑的是他们应能 control“控制”后果，故选 A。Women have long been more in number than men on college campuses. They also hold more advanced degrees than their male【C1】_. So it makes sense that women would also score higher on IQ tests. But for the last 100 years, they“ve lagged behind men by as much as
37、five points【C2】_their scores have been rising. Finally, according to IQ expert James Flynn, women have【C3】_ the IQ gap and are in fact scoring higher than men, reports the Telegraph. IQ, the most widely used measure of【C4】_and is determined based on the difference between one“s IQ score and the【C5】_
38、IQ score of a certain age group. It“s thought to be a product of both environmental and【C6】_factors, and is a statistically reliable【C7】_of future educational achievement, job【C8】_and income. But the reasons for differences in IQ for example, between races or gendershave long been widely【C9】_. There
39、 are many【C10】_reasons that women finally surpassed men in IQ after a century of【C11】_, according to Flynn, who is writing a book about IQ and gender. One【C12】_is that women have【C13】_been capable of scoring higher but, because of gender stereotypes, never realized their own【C14】_. Gender-based diff
40、erences in education,【C15】_ and social roles have historically set the【C16】_lower for women. “This【C17】_ is more noticeable for women than for men【C18】_they were socially and economically【C19】_ in the past,“ Flynn told the Telegraph. Now if only women could close in on that annoying 【C20】_gap.（分数：40
41、.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.partnersB.counterparts C.classmatesD.opponents解析：解析：根据文章首句“大学校园中女性的人数远远超过男性”，可知此处将男性和女性在高学历方面进行对比，故选 B 项 counterparts“对等的人”。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.whereasB.otherwiseC.although D.while解析：解析：空格所在分句“她们的得分一直在提高”与主句“她们已经落后于男性”之间是让步关系，因此选 C 项 although“尽管”。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.identifiedB.
42、narrowedC.reducedD.closed 解析：解析：由下文的“事实上得分高过男性”，可推断现在女性已经“填平”了跟男性的差距，故选 D项 close“填平”。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.intentionB.inspirationC.intelligence D.incentive解析：解析：IQ(智商)是 intelligence quotient 缩写，用于检测智力，因此选 C 项 intelligence“智力”。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.average B.totalC.topD.low解析：解析：根据句中提示 a certain age group，
43、能与个人 IQ 得分相比的，应是特定年龄组的平均得分，故选 A 项 average“平均的”。此处表示“测试结果由个人 IQ 得分与特定年龄组平均得分之间的差异决定”。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.immuneB.mentalC.inherited D.composite解析：解析：根据常识，一个人智商的高低有后天的环境因素也有遗传因素，因此选 C 项 inherited“遗传的”符合句意。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.sampleB.effectC.measureD.indication 解析：解析：空格所在句的 it 指代前面提及的 IQ，再结合旬末 future educ
44、ational achievement，income 推测，未来教育成就、薪资收入等是需要“预测”的，D 项 indication“表明”具有“预测”的含义，故选 D。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.performance B.securityC.satisfactionD.stability解析：解析：空格所在处与“未来教育成就”“薪资收入”并列，均与个人的智商相关，故选 A 项，job performance 意为“工作表现”。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.acceptedB.recognizedC.criticizedD.debated 解析：解析：本题宜采用排除法。本句主
45、语是 the reasoos，空格处需填入谓语。首先排除不能与reasons 搭配的 B 项 recognize“认出”和 C 项 criticize“批评”。下文讨论了男女在 IQ 上存在差别的原因，因此排除 A 项 accept“接受”。本题选 D 项 debate“讨论，争论”。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.personalB.obviousC.possible D.sound解析：解析：由空格前的 many(许多)以及下文的 one(一种)可推断此处并非表示确定的理由，因此选C 项 possible“可能的”。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.holding bac
46、kB.tearing apartC.going throughD.falling behind 解析：解析：空格前提到“女性最终在 IQ 上超过了男性”，因此推断，在此之前，女性的 IQ 是落后于男性的，故选 D 项 falling behind“落后”，与旬中 surpassed 构成对照。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.factorB.doubtC.theory D.challenge解析：解析：下文的“女性能够获得更高分数，但由于而未意识到”属于某种观点，因此选 C项 theory“看法”。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.neverB.seldomC.oftenD.a
47、lways 解析：解析：句中 but 提示前后分句在语义上为转折关系，从后面的 never realized 可推知，前面应该是说女性总能够获得更高分数，D 项 always“总是”与 never(从不)形成对照，故为答案。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.destinyB.potential C.ambitionD.power解析：解析：本段首句说“女性能够获得更高的分数”，再结合首段最后一句的“女性在最近一个世纪落后于男性”，故可推断，女性没有意识到自身的潜能，故选 B 项 potential“潜能”。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.dignityB.backgroundC.habitD.breeding 解析：解析：四个选项中，只有 D 项 breeding“教养”能与 education,social roles 并列，故 D 为答案。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.standard B.recordC.limitD.pressure解析：解析：男女在教育、教养和社会角色上的差异，导致社会对其要求不同，对女性的要求会相对低些(lower)，A 项 standard“标准”符合句意。(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.differenceB.contrast
