1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 482 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part B（分数：10.00）_AMany studies conclude that children with highly involved fathers, in relation to children with less involved fathers, tend to be more cognitively and soci
2、ally competent, less inclined toward gender stereotyping, more empathic, and psychologically better adjusted. Commonly, these studies investigate both paternal warmth and paternal involvement and findusing simple correlationsthat the two variables are related to each other and to youth outcomes. BBo
3、ys seemed to conform to the sex-role standards of their culture when their relationships with their fathers were warm, regardless of how “masculine“ the fathers were, even though warmth and intimacy have traditionally been seen as feminine characteristics. A similar conclusion was suggested by resea
4、rch on other aspects of psychosocial adjustment and on achievement: Paternal warmth or closeness appeared beneficial , whereas paternal masculinity appeared irrelevant. CThe critical question is: How good is the evidence that fathers amount of involvement, without taking into account its content and
5、 quality, is consequential for children, mothers, or fathers themselves? The associations with desirable outcomes found in much research are actually with positive forms of paternal involvement, not involvement per se. Involvement needs to be combined with qualitative dimensions of paternal behavior
6、 through the concept of “positive paternal involvement“ developed here. DCommonly, researchers assessed the masculinity of fathers and of sons and then correlated the two sets of scores. Many behavioral scientists were surprised to discover that no consistent results emerged from this research until
7、 they examined the quality of the father-son relationship. Then they found that when the relationship between masculine fathers and their sons was warm and loving, the boys were indeed more masculine. Later, however, researchers found that the masculinity of fathers per se did not seem to make much
8、difference after all. As summarized by: EThe second domain in which a substantial amount of research has been done on the influence of variations in father love deals with father involvement, that is, with the amount of time that fathers spend with their children(engagement), the extent to which fat
9、hers make themselves available to their children(accessibility), and the extent to which they take responsibility for their children s care and welfare(responsibility). FIt is unclear from these studies whether involvement and warmth make independent or joint contributions to youth outcomes. Moreove
10、r, “caring for“ children is not necessarily the same thing as “caring about“ them. Indeed, Lamb concluded from his review of studies of paternal involvement that it was not the simple fact of paternal engagement(i.e., direct interaction with the child), availability, or responsibility for child care
11、 that was associated with these outcomes. Rather, it appears that the quality of the father-child relationship made the greatest difference. J. H. Pleck reiterated this conclusion when he wrote: GResearch by Veneziano and Rohner supports these conclusions. In a biracial sample of 63 African American
12、 and European American children, the authors found from multiple regression analyses that father involvement by itself was associated with children s psychological adjustment primarily insofar as it was perceived by youths to be an expression of paternal warmth(acceptance). HMany studies looking exc
13、lusively at the influence of variations in father love deal with two topics-.(1)gender role development and(2)father involvement. Studies of gender role development emerged prominently in the 1940s and continued through the 1970s. This was a time when fathers were considered to be especially importa
14、nt as gender role models for sons. Order: （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_AYou may have to impress the company HR representatives as well. HR reps are typically trained to ask very specific and personal questions, like what salary you expect and what youve made in the past. They might a
15、sk you about your impressions of the company and the people who interviewed you. They might also ask if you have other offers. If so, chances are good that they are willing to compete for you. But if you say that you have other offers, be prepared to back it up with the who, what and when, because t
16、hey might challenge you. The HR reps are also the people who will conduct or arrange reference and background checks. They might have the final say. BBesides management, you might also interview with one or more of your future coworkers. Regardless of the questions they ask, what they most really wa
17、nt to know is how well youll fit into the team, if youll cause them more work instead of less, and if they should feel threatened by you. When answering, be eager enough to show that you are a good team player and will pull your load, but not so eager as to appear to be a back-stabbing ladder climbe
18、r! CAlways research a company before you interview, and remember that attire, body language and manners count, big time. Try to avoid common mistakes. You may think that this is common sense, but crazy stuff really happens! DJob interviewing is one of the most popular career topics on the Web. But n
19、o career advisor can tell you exactly what to say during a job interview. Interviews are just too up-close and personal for that. About the best that career advisors can do, is to give you some tips about the typical questions to expect, so you can practice answering them ahead of time. But, while t
20、here are many canned interview questions, there are few canned answers. The rest is up to you. EBe prepared to attend a second interview at the same company, and maybe even a third or fourth. If you re called back for more interviews, it means that they re interested in you. But, it doesn t mean you
21、 re a shoo-in. Most likely, they are narrowing the competition, so keep up the good work! FTo put you somewhat at ease, many interviewers really dont know how to interview effectively. Frontline interviewers are typically managers and supervisors who have never been or are barely trained in intervie
22、wing techniques. Theyre a little nervous too, just like you. Some dont even prepare in advance. This makes it easier for you to take control of the interview, if you have prepared. But in controlling an interview , it s not a good idea to try to dominate. Instead, try to steer it toward landing the
23、job. GAfter interviewing, immediately send a thank you letter to each of your interviewers. Its professional and expected, and might even be the deciding factor in your favor. HRemember, its a two-way street. Its the employers chance to judge you, but its also very much your chance to judge the empl
24、oyer. In fact, if you handle yourself well and ask the right questions, you11 put the interviewer in the position of selling the company to you. If this happens, you re probably doing well. Order: （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_AIndia runs like a thread through this tale. Cotton was be
25、ing spun in the Indus Valley in 3000 BC: Herodotus admired its quality. Spinning and weaving cotton(the word comes from qutn in Arabic)were introduced to Europe by Muslim invaders in the tenth century. In India cotton as a cottage industry was so successful that it established a substantial market i
26、n Britain. This had two consequences. The first was technological innovation in the industrial north: spinning machines, the invention of the flying shuttle, the spinning jenny and power looms were the forerunners of the Industrial Revolution. The second, introduced in 1774 to assist English spinner
27、s and weavers, was protectionist legislation that made it illegal to sell imported cotton. BSlaves and wide open spaces in the southern states transformed America s economy, too. Capital, raised mainly in London, financed the expansion. By the late 1850s, 77% of the cotton consumed in Britain came f
28、rom America. Profits soared on both sides of the Atlantic. Manchester became a centre of the universe, always feeding on cheap labour, mostly women, who, unlike slaves, were paid a wage, albeit a poor one. CToday the main sources of raw cotton are China(29%)and India(21%). Supported by grotesque sub
29、sidies($35 billion between 1995 and 2010), America clings on in third place. Producers sell to the new merchants of cotton: global retailers such as Gap and Adidas. Mr Beckert s story is both inspirational and utterly depressing, a reflection of the white-knuckle ride that has been the characteristi
30、c of globalisation through the centuries. DBy 1800 mass-produced British cotton dominated world markets, including in India where the industry collapsed. In the three decades to 1820 innovation helped productivity in Britains new cotton factories increase 370 times. Mr Beckert, a history professor a
31、t Harvard, calls this new economic order “War Capitalism“ as it is based on imperial expansion, expropriation of land, and slavery. EGood economic history tells dramatic stories of ingenuity and aspiration, greed and national self-interest. Sven Beckert writes good economic history. But why cotton?
32、Mr Beckert s answer is that for 900 years, until 1900, it was the worlds most important manufacturing industry. Cotton is relevant now because the story explains how and why an industry goes global. It is a story of wildly fluctuating fortunes, from stunning wealth to dire social disasters. FDeprive
33、d of raw American cotton when the civil war broke out in 1861, English manufacturers rediscovered India. Railways were built in the newly acquired state of Berar to shift raw cotton for export to Bombay. By 1862, 75% of Britains cotton originated in India. The industry had gone global: Egypt and Bra
34、zil also provided new sources of supply. When news of the Union Armys victories in 1865 reached India, property prices in Bombay collapsed, anticipating the renewed competition that the end of the war might bring. In the event, as peace returned to the American South and former slaves became sharecr
35、oppers, the global industry recovered quickly, helped by a surge in demand. GIn the late 19th century the cotton industry in England began to decline. At the height of the Great Depression in 1932 only 11% of the worlds mechanical spindles were operating in Britain, compared with 61% in 1860. The te
36、rrible blight that has overwhelmed cotton towns such as Rochdale began then, and has grown worse since. By the late 1960s Britain accounted for only 2.8% of global cotton exports. Order: （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_AFashion behaves as a movement, and on this basis it is different fr
37、om custom which, by comparison, is static. This is due to the fact that fashion is based fundamentally on differentiation and emulation. In a class society, the upper classes or so-called social elites are not able to differentiate themselves by fixed symbols or badges. Hence the more external featu
38、res of their life and behavior are likely to be imitated by classes immediately subjacent to them, who, in turn, are imitated by groups immediately below them in the social structure. BNevertheless, the movement of fashion is an important form of collective behavior. First, it should be noted that t
39、he fashion movement is a genuine expressive movement. It does not have a conscious goal which people are trying to reach through collective action, as is true in the case of the specific social movements. Nor does it represent the release of excitement and tension generated in a dancing crowd situat
40、ion. CIt does not build up a social organization: it does not build up morale and require an ideology: it has no personnel or functionaries: it does not develop a division of labor among its participants with each being assigned a given status: it does not construct a set of symbols, myths, values,
41、philosophy, or set of practices, and in this sense it does not form a culture: and finally, it does not develop a set of loyalties or form a we-consciousness. The participants are not recruited through agitation. People participate in the fashion movement voluntarily and in response to the interesti
42、ng and powerful kind of control which fashion imposes on them. DAs a movement, fashion shows little resemblance to any of the other movements which we have considered. While it occurs spontaneously and moves along in characteristic cycle, it does not depend upon the mechanisms of which we have spoke
43、n. EThis process gives to fashion a vertical descent. However, the elite class finds that it is no longer distinguishable, by reason of the imitation made by others, and hence it adopts new differentiating criteria, only to be imitated very soon. FWhile fashion is thought of usually in relation to c
44、lothing, it is important to realize that it covers a much wider domain. It is to be found in manners, and in the arts, literature, and philosophy, and may even reach into certain areas of science. In fact, it may operate in any field of group life. Its operation requires a class society, for in its
45、essential character it does not occur either in a homogeneous society or in a caste society. GIt is expressive, however, of certain fundamental impulses and tendencies, such as an inclination toward novel experience, a desire of distinction, and an urge to conform fashion is important especially, in
46、 providing a means for the expression of developing tastes and dispositions: this feature establishes it as a form of expressive behavior. Order: （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 482 答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehe
47、nsion（分数：10.00）_解析：2.Part B（分数：10.00）_解析：AMany studies conclude that children with highly involved fathers, in relation to children with less involved fathers, tend to be more cognitively and socially competent, less inclined toward gender stereotyping, more empathic, and psychologically better adjusted. Commonly, these studies investigate both paternal warmth and paternal involvement and findusing simple c
