1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 197 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 How men first learned to invent words is unknown; in other words, the origin of language is a mystery. All we really know is that
2、men,【B1】_animals, somehow invented certain【B2 】_to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things,【B3 】 _they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed 【B4】 _ certain signs, called letters, which could be 【B5】_ to represent those sounds, and which could be 【B6】_ down. Those so
3、unds, whether spoken, 【B7】 _ written in letters, we call words.The power of words, then, lies in their【B8】_the things they bring up before our minds. Words become 【B9】_ with meaning for us by experience;【B10 】_the longer we live, the more certain words【B11】_the happy and sad events of our past to us
4、; and the more we read and【B12】_, the more the number of words that mean something to us【B13】_.Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal【B14】_to our minds and emotions. This【B15 】_and telling use of words is what we call【B16】_style
5、. Above all, the real poet is a master of【B17】_. He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music, and which【B18】_their position and association can【B19】_men to tears. We should, therefore, learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will【B20】_our speech or writing s
6、illy and vulgar.1 【B1 】（A）above（B） unlike（C） excluding（D）besides2 【B2 】（A）sounds（B） gestures（C） signs（D）movements3 【B3 】（A）such that（B） as that（C） so that（D）in that4 【B4 】（A）to（B） with（C） in（D）upon5 【B5 】（A）spelt（B） combined（C） pronounced（D）copied6 【B6 】（A）written（B） handed（C） remembered（D）observed7
7、 【B7 】（A）and（B） yet（C） also（D）or8 【B8 】（A）function（B） association（C） roles（D）links9 【B9 】（A）filled（B） fulfilled（C） live（D）active10 【B10 】（A）but（B） or（C） yet（D）and11 【B11 】（A）reappear（B） recall（C） remember（D）recollect12 【B12 】（A）think（B） collect（C） learn（D）recite13 【B13 】（A）raises（B） increases（C） imp
8、roves（D）emerges14 【B14 】（A）intensively（B） extensively（C） broadly（D）powerfully15 【B15 】（A）charming（B） academic（C） conventional（D）common16 【B16 】（A）written（B） spoken（C） literary（D）dramatic17 【B17 】（A）signs（B） words（C） style（D）sound18 【B18 】（A）in（B） on（C） over（D）by19 【B19 】（A）move（B） engage（C） bring（D）
9、force20 【B20 】（A）transform（B） change（C） make（D）convertPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 The people who run Facebook are furious about a new movie that depicts the existence of Face-book. Theyre upset because
10、much of the story about The Social Network is just completely made up. But the really interesting thing about this movie is that the story tells a lager truth about Silicon Valleys get-rich-quick culture and the kind of peoplelike Mark Zuckerbergwho thrive in this environment.The Valley used to be a
11、 place run by scientists and engineers. But now the Valley has become a casino, a place where smart kids arrive hoping to make an easy fortune building companies that seem at least not as serious as old-guard companies.The three hottest tech companies today are Facebook, Twitter, and Zynga. Facebook
12、 lets you keep in touch with your friends; it will generate about $1.5 billion in revenue this year by bombarding its 500 million members with ads. Twitter is a noisy circus of spats and celebrity watching, and its hapless founders still cant figure out how to make money. The biggest of Facebook app
13、-makers, reportedly will rake in $500 million this year by getting people addicted to cheesy games like Far-mville and Mafia Wars.Meanwhile, among some longtime techies, there s a sense that something important has been lost. “The old Silicon Valley was about solving really hard problems, making tec
14、hnical bets. But theres no real technical bet being made with Facebook or Zynga,“ says Nathan Myhrvold, the former chief technology officer at Microsoft who now runs an invention lab in Seattle. “Today almost everyone in the Valley will tell you there is too much me-tooism, too much looking for a go
15、ld rush and not enough people who are looking to solve really hard problems.“Sure, there are still entrepreneurs and investors chasing serious technology challenges in the Valley. Myhrvold says he means no disrespect to Facebook and Zynga. “What bother me are the millions of wannabes who will follow
16、 along, and the expectation that every company ought to be focused on doing really short-term, easy things to achieve giant paydays. I think that s unrealistic, and its not healthy.“ What he worries are “the unknown engineers and professors who have good ideas will get funded or will they be talked
17、out of it and told they should do something like Zynga? “We ve already fallen behind in areas like alternative energy, better batteries, and nanotechnolo-gy. Instead of racing to catch up, were buying seeds and garden gnomes on Facebook. This wont end well.21 The people who run Facebook are furious
18、because_.（A）there is fierce competition between Facebook and Twitter（B） the movie slandered Facebook（C） the movie disclosed Facebook s secrets（D）what the movie show about Facebook is untrue22 We can infer from Paragraph 2 that_.（A）the Valley is no longer the place for hard science and making things（
19、B） the Valley has been converted into a casino（C） making an easy fortune prevails todays Silicon Valley（D）semiconductor got its name from Silicon Valley23 From the third paragraph, the authors attitude towards Facebook, Twitter and Zynga is_.（A）critical（B） slightly complimentary（C） positive（D）neutra
20、l24 What Myhrvold worries about the Silicon Valley is_.（A）how to get sufficient entrepreneurs and investors（B） everyone in the Valley hardly looks for a gold rush（C） Facebook or Zynga makes lots of technical bets（D）a sense of solving really hard problems is declining25 The main idea about this text
21、is_.（A）America s lag in areas like alternative energy, better batteries and nanotechnology（B） an untrue movie about Facebook and Social Network（C） a tale about Silicon Valleys get-rich-quick（D）the negative impact on Silicon Valley from success of companies, like Facebook25 Conversations about elderl
22、y parents and technology usually center on safety, in particular on devices designed to alert a call center in case of trouble. But our parents are more than the sum of their maladies. Instead of keeping the safe, cant some of these devices help keep them happy? Experts say the key to making tech wo
23、rk for Mom and Dad is not to buy the newest cool thing, but to look for a device or software that fulfills a basic need, that does something they particular want to do. And its helpful if the learning curve involves an element or two already familiar to them.“The question is what s the motivation? “
24、 said Dr. Gary Small, the director of the center on aging at the university of California, Los Angeles, and the author of iBrain: surviving the technological alteration of the modern mind.“For technology to become sticky with the older generation, we have to get into their heads and understand what
25、make them think this is fun,“ he added. “The bells and whistles that might attract us are too counterintuitive.“Dr. Small says that device for the elderly should answer three criteria, in this order: simplicity of use, availability of phone assistance and hardware thats easy to manipulate. Once inst
26、allation and set-up are completelylikely the responsibility of a tech-sawy adult childenjoyment has to outweigh effort. Beyond that, it is important to evaluate how large a technology leap an aging parent will be willing to take. Those who know their way around a VCR or DVD player will be a likelier
27、 to embrace a device that requires new equipment or an occasional call to a help number.Dr. Small like single-application devices that meet a personal need for the technological newcomerlike ones that send and receive e-mail, making it easier to stay in touch with family and see those digital photos
28、 of a new grandchild. Reading devices like the kindle are also popular with the older users, because they make an enjoyable, lifelong activity easier by replacing a heavy book with lightweight tablet. A reader can be ideal for a parent who travels and wants to take more than one book along.The right
29、 motivation can overcome a parents doubt or anxiety about adopting new technology. Dr. Small s father, a practicing physician in his 80s, avoided technology until the hospital where he worked switched to electronic records. Suddenly he had no choice. If he wanted to continue to work, he had to wade
30、in.Dr. Cartensen says that electronic manufacturers have failed to develop products for elder users “because of stereotypes which suggest that older people arent interested, even when they might be,“ and because marketers think “they can simply wait until younger cohorts grow old, knowing the proble
31、m will be solved.“ But there are signs of change on the horizon, several of them involving that most familiar of technologies, like the television set.26 The passage seems to suggest that tech work for elderly parents is_.（A）to keep themselves safe（B） to do something special（C） to keep up with the d
32、evelopment of the society（D）to fulfill their basic needs and interest27 Device for the elderly should meet the criteria EXCEPT_.（A）a lot of fun（B） phone assistance（C） simplicity usage（D）user-friendly hardware28 According to Dr. Small, the advantage of single-application devices rests on_.（A）sending
33、and receiving e-mails（B） seeing those digital photos of a new grandchild（C） replacing a heavy book with lightweight tablet（D）fulfilling the individualized requirement of elderly persons29 The switch of Dr. Smalls father is mentioned to demonstrate_.（A）his father needs to retire for health（B） the 80-
34、year-old person can still devote themselves to their career（C） electronic records are prevailing in modern hospital（D）helping elderly parents adopt new technology needs right motivation30 According to Dr. Cartensen, electronic manufacturers should_.（A）wait until young generation grows old（B） give up
35、 their marketing endeavors to cater to old population（C） develop new technology particularly for elderly parents（D）try new marketing strategy among the old30 If you are interested in job creationand who isnt this days? you should talk to someone like Morris Panner. In 1999, Panner and some others st
36、arted a Boston software company called Ope-nAir. By 2008 they sold it for $31 million. The firm had then grown to about 50 workers. It turns out that entrepreneurship (essentially, the funding of new companies) is crucial to the job creation. Of course, Panner s success is often a slog.What s the fr
37、ustrating and perplexing about the present job dearth is that the US economy has long been a phenomenal employment machine. Here is a record: 83 million jobs are added from 1960 to 2007, with only six year of declines. Conventional analysis blames todays poor performance on weak demand. Because peop
38、le arent buying, businesses arent hiring. Though true, this omits the vital role of entrepreneurship.In any given year, employment may reflect the ups and downs of the business cycle. But over longer periods, almost all job growth comes from new businesses. The reason: the high death rate of exiting
39、 firms. Even successful firms succumb to threats: new competitions and technology; mature market; the death of flinders; shifting consumers tastes; poor management and unprofitability. A company founded today has an 80% chance of disappearing over the next quarter century, reports a study by Dane St
40、angler and Paul Kedrosky of the Kauffman Foundation.True, some blue-chips firms endure. Four fifth of the Fortune 500 were founded before 1970. But they are exception, and many blue chips have died.The debate over whether small or big firms create more jobs is misleading. The real distinction is bet
41、ween new and old. American workers are roughly split between firms with fewer or more than 500 employees. In healthy times, older companies of all sizes do create a lot of jobs. But they also lose jobs, as some businesses shrink or vanish. On balance, job creation and destruction cancel. All the net
42、work increases occur among startups, finds a study of the 19922005 period by economists John Haltiwanger of university of Maryland and Ron Jarmin and Javier Miranda of the Census Bureau.To be sure, entrepreneurship has a downside: booms and busts. Remember the dotcom “bubble“, but more damaging are
43、widespread popular misconceptions about what it isnt the engine of job adding. Although the entrepreneurial instinct seems powerful and American ambition and creative, venture capital for startups is scarce and that political leaders seem largely oblivious to burdensome government policies. This nee
44、ds to be addressed. Entrepreneurship wont instantly cure American job deficit, but without, there will be no strong recovery.31 OpenAirs success is cited to show_.（A）it precisely seized the need of consumers（B） it had the funding for new companies（C） the firm had increased to 50 workers（D）the job cr
45、eation had much to do with startups32 Traditional analysis attributes the employment declines to _.（A）businesses shrinking or vanishing（B） the crucial role of entrepreneurship（C） lower consumers demand（D）burdensome government policies33 The reasons for the high death rate of exiting firms is_.（A）pol
46、itical bias（B） new market（C） high level of consumers need（D）lacking of funding34 The authors attitude towards government policies of starting business is_.（A）dissatisfied（B） acceptable（C） indifferent（D）neutral35 The essay mainly introduces the relationship between_.（A）new firms and old firms（B） gove
47、rnment policies and business operation（C） job creation and new business of the startups（D）entrepreneurship and the success of new business35 The robots are coming. The second decades of the 21th century will see the rise of merchandized army that will revolutionize the private and public life as rad
48、ically as the internet and social media have shaken up the past ten years. Or so says Marina Gorbis, futurologist and head of Califor-nian think-tank the Institute for the Future (IFTF).Gorbis says robots will increasingly dominate everything. Robots are likely to prompt a political storm to equal t
49、he row over immigration as they increasingly replace workers. But it s not bad news.“When the IBMs Deep Blue became the first computer to beat the chess grand master Gary Kasparov, as a person thats it, computers are smarter than people,“ she says.“But it doesnt mean that at all. It seems they are processing things faster not that they are thinking better.“ Working
