1、上海交通大学考博英语-2 及答案解析(总分：75.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Listenin(总题数：40，分数：20.00)1.The manufacturer was forced to return the money to the consumers under _ of law.（分数：0.50）A.guidelineB.definitionC.constraintD.identity2.All the countries allied to fight against their _ .（分数：0.50）A.inventorB.likeabilityC.media
2、torD.adversary3.If profit and money are your first _ , and commitment to people your least concern, you have failed education.（分数：0.50）A.potentialB.priorityC.principleD.privilege4.All the music instruments in the orchestra will be _ before it starts.（分数：0.50）A.civilizedB.chatteredC.chamberedD.chorde
3、d5.The childs earliest words deal with concrete objects and actions, it is much later that he is able to grasp _ .（分数：0.50）A.decisionsB.abstractionsC.opponentsD.mathematics6.For nearly 50 years, Spock has been a _ author writing 13 books including an autobiography and numerous magazine articles.（分数：
4、0.50）A.prevalentB.precautiousC.prospectiveD.prolific7.He cannot _ the fact that he was late again for the conference at the university yesterday.（分数：0.50）A.contribute toB.account forC.identify withD.leave out8.Researchers find it hard to _ the two sets of figures.（分数：0.50）A.associateB.correspondC.co
5、rrelateD.respond9.Please do not be _ by his bad manners since he is merely trying to attract attention.（分数：0.50）A.disgustedB.embarrassedC.irritatedD.shocked10.In the U. S. A. many communities and church groups _ social centers for old people.（分数：0.50）A.sponsorB.bestowC.conferD.contribute11.Kuwait, a
6、 small country in the Persian Gulf, is _ in petroleum deposits.（分数：0.50）A.adequateB.sufficientC.accumulativeD.abundant12.Dependence on foreign sources of oil, though _ , remains a problem for Japan.（分数：0.50）A.diminishingB.excessiveC.dependingD.respond13.The accident _ him of his sight and the use of
7、 his legs.（分数：0.50）A.excludedB.disabledC.deprivedD.gripped14._ popular belief that classical music is too combles, it achieves a simplicity that only a genius can create.（分数：0.50）A.Subject toB.Contrary toC.Familiar toD.Similar to15.The people living in these apartments have free _ to that swimming p
8、ool.（分数：0.50）A.excessB.accessC.excursionD.recreation16.The flower under the sun would _ quickly without any protection.（分数：0.50）A.winkB.withholdC.witherD.widower17.I was _ by their kindness and moved to tears.（分数：0.50）A.preoccupiedB.embarrassedC.counseledD.overwhelmed18.A complete investigation into
9、 the causes of the accident should lead to improved standards and should_ new operating procedures.（分数：0.50）A.result inB.match withC.subject toD.proceed with19.Finally, let s _ a critical issue in any honest exploration of our attitudes towards old people, namely the value which our society ascribes
10、 to them.（分数：0.50）A.stick toB.turn toC.lead toD.take to20.The farmer was horrified at the _ that he has dug from under the field.（分数：0.50）A.brainB.skeletonC.noseD.chest21.I could see that my wife was _ having that fur coat, whether I approved of it or not.（分数：0.50）A.adequate forB.intent onC.short of
11、D.deficient in22.Crisis would be the fight term to describe the _ in many animal species.（分数：0.50）A.minimizationB.restrictionC.descentD.decline23.Winds most often come from the coast, and are _ dmp and not too cold.（分数：0.50）A.somewhatB.somehowC.neverthelessD.then24.The United Nations Conference on D
12、rug Abuse, which took place earlier this year in Vienna, was a very_ meeting.（分数：0.50）A.productiveB.overwhelmingC.compulsoryD.protective25.Horseback riding _ both the skill of handling a horse and the mastery of diverse riding styles.（分数：0.50）A.embracesB.encouragesC.exaggeratesD.elaborate26.If you w
13、ant to find the booksellers number, you could look it up in the telephone（分数：0.50）A.indexB.catalogueC.listD.directory27.Workers in this country are getting higher wages while turning out poor products that do not _the test of international competition.（分数：0.50）A.keep up withB.stand up toC.comply wit
14、hD.attend to28.Rightist Christian leaders called for the _ of Lebanon into Moslem and Christian states.（分数：0.50）A.participantB.panicleC.partitionD.participation29.Preceding the commotion of a battle, there is usually an unusual _ .（分数：0.50）A.changeabilityB.likeabilityC.desirabilityD.tranquility30.In
15、 assessing the impact of the loss of a parent through death and divorce it was the distortion of family relationships not the _ of the bond with the parent in divorce that was vital.（分数：0.50）A.dispositionB.distinctionC.distributionD.disruption31.The bond of true affection had pulled us-six very diff
16、erent men from six different countries-across Antarctica; we proved in the end that we werent very different _ .（分数：0.50）A.for allB.as usualC.in particularD.after all32.The advanced life forms in nature are all symmetrical, instead of being _ .（分数：0.50）A.separatedB.disproportionateC.mutableD.impreci
17、se33.Smuggling is a _ activity which might bring destruction to our economy; therefore, it must be banned.（分数：0.50）A.pertinentB.fruitfulC.detrimentalD.casual34.The symphony concerts here are _ by the municipal government.（分数：0.50）A.subduedB.subscribedC.subordinatedD.subsidized35._ always exists betw
18、een the theoretical deduction and the result of experimentation.（分数：0.50）A.DeviationB.DerivationC.VariationD.Variety36.You should _ the wheels of your bicycle once a month.（分数：0.50）A.fabricateB.lubricateC.elaborateD.illustrate37.His body temperature has been _ for 3 days, the highest point reaching
19、40. 5 degree centigrade.（分数：0.50）A.uncommonB.disorderedC.abnormalD.extraordinary38.There could have been a war over it but peace _ in the end.（分数：0.50）A.countedB.revealedC.prevailedD.survived39.Any earthquake that takes place in any area is certainly regarded as a kind of a _ event.（分数：0.50）A.choles
20、terolB.charcoalC.catastrophicD.chronic40.The number of tickets available will be _ by the size of the stadium.（分数：0.50）A.determinedB.relatedC.consequentD.dependent二、BPart Reading (总题数：6，分数：30.00)In this part you are going to read six passages. Each of the passages is followed by some questions or un
21、finished statements. For each question there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Decide on the best choice according to the passage you read and write your choice.The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians
22、alike progress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies, however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong
23、. We are fortunate that is it, because new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job t
24、o achieve radical higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recessing and Japan at its pre-bubble peak. The U. S. workforce was derided as poorly edu
25、cated and one of primary cause of the poor U. S. economic performance. Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U. S. factories of Honda Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counter
26、parts a result of the training that U. S. workers received on the job.More recently, while examing housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complex
27、ity of the building industrys work.What is the real relationship between education and economic development? We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments dont force it. After ail, thats how education got started. When our ancestors we
28、re hunters and gatherers 10, 000 years ago, they didnt have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.As education improved, humanitys productivity potential, they could in turn afford mo
29、re education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be poss
30、ible only with broader formal education. A lack of formal education, however, doesnt constrain the ability of the developing worlds workforce to substantially improve productivity to the forested future. on the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isnt developing mor
31、e quickly there than it is.（分数：5.00）(1).The author holds in paragraph 1 that the important of education in poor countries _.（分数：1.00）A.is subject groundless doubtsB.has fallen victim of biasC.is conventional downgradedD.has been overestimated(2).It is stated in paragraph 1 that construction of a new
32、 education system _ .（分数：1.00）A.challenges economists and politiciansB.takes efforts of gene rationsC.demands priority from the governmentD.requires sufficient labor force(3).A major difference between the Japanese and U. S. workforces is that _ .（分数：1.00）A.the Japanese workforce is better disciplin
33、edB.the Japanese workforce is more productiveC.the U. S. workforce has a better educationD.the U. S. workforce is more organize(4).The author quotes the example of our ancestors to show that education emerged _ .（分数：1.00）A.when people had enough timeB.prior to better ways of finding foodC.when peopl
34、e on longer went hungD.as a result of pressure on government(5).According to the last paragraph, development of education _ .（分数：1.00）A.results directly from competitive environmentsB.does not depend on economic performanceC.follows improved productivityD.cannot afford political changesThe most thor
35、oughly studied in the history of the new world are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England. According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial America was “So much important attached to intellectual pursuits“. According to many books and
36、 articles, New Englands leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding, dominant Puritan tradition in American intellectual life.To take this approach to the New Englanders normally mean to start with the Puritans theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the
37、 church-important subjects that we may not neglect But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carders of European culture adjusting to New world circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursu
38、it of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity.The early setters of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influence in England. Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts church in the decade after 1629, There were political leaders like john
39、 Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston. There men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness.We should not forget, however, that most New
40、 Englanders were less well educated. While few crafts men or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed, The in thinking often had a traditional superstitions quality. A tailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons
41、 for leaving England that is filled with signs sexual confusion, economic frustrations, and religious hope-all name together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words:“ come out from among them, touch no unc
42、lean thing, and I will be your God and you shall be my people.“ one wonders what Dane thought of the careful sermons explaining the Bible that he heard in puritan churched.Mean while, many settles had slighter religious commitments than Danes, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the c
43、oast who mocked that they had not come to the New world for religion. “Our main end was to catch fish.“（分数：5.00）(1).The author notes that in the seventeenth-century New England _ .（分数：1.00）A.Puritan tradition dominated political life.B.intellectual interests were encouraged.C.Politics benefited much
44、 from intellectual endeavors.D.intellectual pursuits enjoyed a liberal environment.(2).It is suggested in paragraph 2 that New Englanders _ .（分数：1.00）A.experienced a comparatively peaceful early historyB.brought with them the culture of the Old WorldC.paid little attention to southern intellectual l
45、ifeD.were obsessed with religious innovations(3).The early ministers and political leaders in Massachusetts Bay _ .（分数：1.00）A.were famous in the New World for their writingsB.gained increasing importance in religious affairsC.abandoned high positions before coming to the New WorldD.created a new int
46、ellectual atmosphere in New England(4).The story of John Dane shows that less well-educated New Englanders were often _ .（分数：1.00）A.influenced by superstitionsB.troubled with religious beliefsC.puzzled by church sermonsD.frustrated with family earnings(5).The text suggests that early settlers in New
47、 England _ .（分数：1.00）A.were mostly engaged in political activitiesB.were motivated by an illusory prospectC.came from different backgroundsD.left few formal records for later referenceWhile still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesira
48、ble category. Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men, according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New Yorks Veterans Administration Hospital.Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow aff
49、ects the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.Adding to
