1、中国人民大学考博英语-1 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Vocabula(总题数：40，分数：20.00)1.There are nations whose lack of contact with the outside world has _ poverty.（分数：0.50）A.fallen intoB.consisted inC.resulted inD.amounted to2.As the clouds drifted away an even higher peak became _ to the climbers.（分数：0.50）A.o
2、bviousB.visibleC.presentD.apparent3.We _ Edisons success to his intelligence and hard work.（分数：0.50）A.describeB.subjectC.attributeD.refer4.The pollution question as well as several other issues is going to be discussed when the Congress is in _ again next spring.（分数：0.50）A.assemblyB.conferenceC.conv
3、entionD.session5.Your complaint is being _ ; when we have anything to report well write to you again.（分数：0.50）A.looked throughB.looked overC.looked afterD.looked into6.So many children have bought the balloons that the store is now out of _ .（分数：0.50）A.stuffB.materialC.stockD.staff7.The travellers s
4、ought shelter _ the rain and happened to find a road-side inn.（分数：0.50）A.fromB.againstC.forD.with8.A _ of the long report by the budget committee was submitted to the mayor for approval.（分数：0.50）A.shorthandB.schemeC.scheduleD.sketch9.How did it come _ that you made a lot of mistakes in your homework
5、?（分数：0.50）A.aboutB.alongC.aroundD.by10.It was a small country house, but it was large _ urban standards.（分数：0.50）A.atB.forC.byD.from11.The jeweler assured Mr. White that the stone was a (n) _ diamond and not an imitation.（分数：0.50）A.gracefulB.genuineC.actualD.exact12.While walking along the icy river
6、 banks, we could see cracks in the ice _ in all directions.（分数：0.50）A.radiatingB.dividingC.splittingD.tearing13.The cells(电池)were designed to _ sunshine to electricity to run a motor.（分数：0.50）A.convertB.alterC.modifyD.exchange14.In that country, guests tend to feel they are not highly _ if the invit
7、ation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date.（分数：0.50）A.admiredB.regardedC.expectedD.worshiped15.The newly-built Science Building seems _ enough to last a hundred years.（分数：0.50）A.sophisticatedB.steadyC.robustD.substantial16.The _ action of the policemen saved th
8、e people in the house from being burnt.（分数：0.50）A.alertB.urgentC.promptD.punctual17.Your _ is the round of things that you usually do each day.（分数：0.50）A.practiceB.habitC.routineD.custom18.I was always taught that it was _ to interrupt.（分数：0.50）A.rudeB.coarseC.roughD.crude19.Tibet, the second larges
9、t province of China, is _ in uranium(铀)and underground thermal power(地热).（分数：0.50）A.wealthyB.abundantC.adequateD.sufficient20.The bright flowers and warm winds _ that spring had come.（分数：0.50）A.threatenedB.announcedC.statedD.pronounced21.To our delight, she quickly _ herself to the new situation.（分数
10、：0.50）A.acquaintedB.exposedC.adaptedD.devoted22.The young couple were quite excited by the _ of having their first child.（分数：0.50）A.perspectiveB.prospectC.futureD.foresight23.She once again went through her composition carefully to _ all spelling mistakes from it.（分数：0.50）A.eliminateB.withdrawC.dimi
11、nishD.delete24.This is the _ to an improvement of their living conditions.（分数：0.50）A.keyB.decisionC.essenceD.alternative25.Except on official _ Such as formal receptions, American society has a certain amount of informality.（分数：0.50）A.casesB.situationsC.eventsD.occasions26.This is the first draft of
12、 the book. Please feel perfectly free to _ it.（分数：0.50）A.deal withB.comment onC.cope withD.dwell on27.All our attempts to _ the child from drowning were in vain.（分数：0.50）A.regainB.recoverC.reserveD.rescue28.The final document was, of course, supposed to mend the damage _ upon the world by the war.（分
13、数：0.50）A.imposedB.impressedC.compelledD.compressed29.Few people realize how rich that area is. It is a land of treasure _ treasure.（分数：0.50）A.piled onB.derived fromC.turned overD.increased by30.He _ so much work that he couldnt really do it efficiently.（分数：0.50）A.put onB.brought onC.took onD.carded
14、on31.Christmas is a Christian holy day usually celebrated on December 25th _ the birth of Jesus Christ.（分数：0.50）A.in favour ofB.in honour ofC.in terms ofD.in accordance with32.A man has to make _ for his old age by putting aside enough money to live on when old.（分数：0.50）A.supplyB.assuranceC.provisio
15、nD.storage33.She was always in perfect sympathy with me _ my love of nature.（分数：0.50）A.with regard toB.in contrast toC.in case ofD.in the event of34.It was a bold idea to build a power station in the deep valley, but it _ as well as we had expected.（分数：0.50）A.went offB.worked offC.broke offD.came of
16、f35.I know him well enough to accept his explanation _ .（分数：0.50）A.without questionB.by all meansC.at any costD.in any case36.He could produce no evidence _ his argument.（分数：0.50）A.in respect ofB.in view ofC.in support ofD.on account of37.The government should _ with the irrational regulations restr
17、icting drinking hours.（分数：0.50）A.break awayB.come upC.get awayD.do away38.It is well known that retired workers in China are _ free medical care.（分数：0.50）A.entitled toB.associated withC.involved inD.devoted to39.Farmers are more anxious for rain than people in cities because they have more at _ .（分数
18、：0.50）A.dangerB.stakeC.lossD.threat40.David is the _ holder of the world 5,000-meter race world record, but there is no guarantee that he will win in the Olympic Games.（分数：0.50）A.prevalentB.dominantC.currentD.prominent二、BPart Reading (总题数：6，分数：30.00)Read the following passages, decide on the best on
19、e of the choices marked A, B, C and D for each question or unfinished statement and then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket.Sustainable development is applied to just about everything from energy to clean water and economic growth, and as a result it has become
20、 difficult to question either the basic assumptions behind it or the way the concept is put to use. This is especially true in agriculture, where sustainable development is often taken as the sole measure of progress without a proper appreciation of historical and cultural perspectives.To start with
21、, it is important to remember that the nature of agriculture has changed markedly throughout history, and will continue to do so. Medieval agriculture in northern Europe fed, clothed and sheltered a predominantly rural society with a much lower population density than it is today. It had minimal eff
22、ect on biodiversity, and any pollution it caused was typically localised. In terms of energy use and the nutrients(营养成分) captured in the product it was relatively inefficient.Contrast this with farming since the start of the industrial revolution. Competition from overseas led farmers to specialise
23、and increase yields. Throughout this period food became cheaper, safer and more reliable. However, these changes have also led to habitat(栖息地) loss and to diminishing biodiversity.Whats more demand for animal products in developing countries is growing so fast that meeting it will require an extra 3
24、00 million tons of grain a year by 2050. Yet the growth of cities and industry is reducing the amount of water available for agriculture in many regions.All this means that agriculture in the 21st century will have to be very different from how it was in the 20th. This will require radical thinking.
25、 For example, we need to move away from the idea that traditional practices are inevitably more sustainable than new ones. We also need to abandon the notion that agriculture can be “zero impact“. The key will be to abandon the rather simple and static measures of sustainability, which centre on the
26、 need to maintain production without increasing damage.Instead we need a more dynamic interpretation, one that looks at the pros and cons (正反两方面)of all the various ways land is used. There are many different ways to measure agricultural performance besides food yield: energy use, environmental (cost
27、s, water purity, carbon footprint and biodiversity. It is clear, for example, that the carbon cost of transposing tomatoes from Spain to the UK is less than that of producing them in the UK with additional heating and lighting. But we do not know whether lower carbon footprints will always be better
28、 for biodiversity.What is crucial is recognising that sustainable agriculture is not just about sustainable food production.（分数：5.00）(1).How do people often measure progress in agriculture?（分数：1.00）A.By its productivity.B.By its impact on the environment.C.By its sustainability.D.By its contribution
29、 to economic growth.(2).Specialisation and the effort to increase yields have resulted in _ .（分数：1.00）A.localised pollutionB.competition from overseasC.the shrinking of farmlandD.the decrease of biodiversity(3).What does the author think of traditional farming practices?（分数：1.00）A.They have remained
30、 the same over the centuries.B.They have not kept pace with population growth.C.They are not necessarily sustainable.D.They are environmentally friendly.(4).What will agriculture be like in the 21st century?（分数：1.00）A.It will go through radical changes.B.It will supply mort animal products.C.It will
31、 abandon traditional farming practices.D.It will cause zero damage to the environment.(5).What is the authors purpose in writing this passage?（分数：1.00）A.To remind people of the need of sustainable development.B.To suggest ways of ensuring sustainable food production.C.To advance new criteria for mea
32、suring farming progress.D.To urge people to rethink what sustainable agriculture is.The percentage of immigrants(including those unlawfully present)in the United States has been creeping upward for years. At 12. 6 percent, it is now higher than at any point since the mid 1920s.We are not about to go
33、 hack to the days when Congress openly worried about inferior races polluting Americas bloodstream. But once again we are wondering whether we have too many of the wrong sort of newcomers. Their loudest critics argue that the new wave of immigrants cannot, and indeed do not want to, fit in as previo
34、us generations did.We now know that these racist views were wrong. In time, Italians, Romanians and members of other so-called inferior races became exemplary Americans and, contributed greatly, in ways too numerous to detail, to the building of this magnificent nation. There is no reason why these
35、new immigrants should not have the same success.Although children of Mexican immigrants do better, in terms of educational and professional attainment, than their parents, UCLA sociologist Edward Telles has found that the gains dont continue. Indeed, the fourth generation is marginally worse off tha
36、n the third. James Jackson, of the University of Michigan, has found a similar trend among black Caribbean immigrants. Telles fears that Mexican-Americans may be fated to follow in the footsteps of American blacks-that large parts of the community may become mired (陷入) in a, seemingly permanent stat
37、e of poverty and underachievement. Like African-Americans. Mexican-Americans are increasingly relegated to(降入) segregated, substandard schools, and their dropout rate is the highest for any ethnic group in the country.We have learned much about the foolish idea of excluding people on the presumption
38、 of ethnic/racial inferiority. But what we have not yet learned is how to make the process of Americanization work for all. I am not talking about requiring people to learn English or to adopt American ways; those things happen pretty much on their own. But as arguments about immigration heat up the
39、 campaign trail, we also ought to ask some broader questions about assimilation, about bow to ensure that people, once outsiders, dont forever remain marginalized within these shores.That is a much larger question than what should happen with undocumented workers, or how best to secure the border, a
40、nd it is one that affects not only newcomers but groups that have been here for generations. It will have more impact on our future than where we decide to set the admissions bar for the latest wave of would be Americans. And it would be nice if we finally got the answer right.（分数：5.00）(1).How were
41、immigrants viewed by U. S. Congress in the early days?（分数：1.00）A.They were of inferior races.B.They were a source of political corruption.C.They were a threat to the nations security.D.They were part of the nations bloodstream.(2).What does the author think of the new immigrants?（分数：1.00）A.They will
42、 be a dynamic workforce in the U. S.B.They can do just as well as their predecessors.C.They will be very disappointed on the new land.D.They may find it hard to fit into the mainstream.(3).What does Edward Telles research say about Mexican-Americans?（分数：1.00）A.They may slowly improve from generation
43、 to generation.B.They will do better in terms of educational attainmentC.They will melt into the African-American community.D.They may forever remain poor and underachieving.(4).What should be done to help the new immigrants?（分数：1.00）A.Rid them of their inferiority complex.B.Urge them to adopt Ameri
44、can customs.C.Prevent them from being marginalized.D.Teach them standard American English.(5).According to the author, the burning issue concerning immigration is _ .（分数：1.00）A.how to deal with people entering the U. S. without documentsB.how to help immigrants to better fit into American societyC.h
45、ow to stop illegal immigrants from crossing the borderD.how to limit the number of immigrants to enter the U. S.They may be one of Britains most successful exports and among the worlds most popular TV shows, ranking alongside the World Cup Final and the Olympic Games opening ceremony in terms of aud
46、ience. But, in Britain, beauty competitions are unfashionable. To most people, beauty contests seem as out-dated as bowing. Nicolas Barker, a lawyer in London, said that“ As much as I think its fine for women to do it I dont think its interesting and in fact. I think theyre irrelevant to today“. Las
47、t year, Miss World was broadcast to 142 countries, but it wasnt even shown in this country where it started in 1951.It wasnt always this way in Britain. once, beauty queens dated footballers, traveled the world and were guaranteed fame, fortune and fun. Now, they open new supermarkets, are sponsored
48、 by dry-cleaning companies and, if theyre lucky, they get free clothes from supermarkets.When Francesca Merchant was crowned Miss Sussex in 1969, it was something to be extremely proud of. “I came from a small town, and all my friends were green with envy when they found out Id won. My boyfriends at
49、 the time thought it was terrific and boasted to everyone that he was going out with a beauty queen.“But the good times couldnt last The feminist movement gathered momentum. Some women were determined to bring an end to these“ cattle shows“. Nowadays, saying that you were a beauty queen just doesnt sound good.Miss World organizers claim that contesta
