1、中国科学院硕士英语-3 及答案解析(总分：53.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：19，分数：10.00)1.The only way he escaped from the bitter reality was to lose himself in a movie, allowing his imagination to _, viewing himself as a character in it.（分数：0.50）A.take upB.take onC.take offD.take over2.He plans to_on hand surgery
2、until September in hopes of winning his first gold medal in the Beijing Olympics.（分数：0.50）A.hold forthB.hold outC.hold offD.hold down3.The sentence given to the criminal was much too _;murder should carry the maximum penalty.（分数：0.50）A.negligentB.solitaryC.lenientD.tedious4.Please do not be _ by his
3、 bad manners since he is merely trying to attract attention.（分数：1.00）A.disgustedB.embarrassedC.irritatedD.shocked5.All sorts of technology have _ to make the new medical systems applied in rural areas efficient and effective.（分数：0.50）A.come into playB.come into conflictC.taken actionD.taken place6.W
4、e should make a clear _ between “competent“ and “proficient“ for the purposes of our discussion.（分数：0.50）A.separationB.divisionC.distinctionD.difference7.At the moment she is _ the netball match between the Japanese team and the Cuban team over at the playing field.（分数：0.50）A.arbitratingB.intervenin
5、gC.refereeingD.deciding8.In Africa HIV and AIDS continue to _ the population; nearly 60 percent of those infected are women.（分数：0.50）A.alleviateB.boostC.captureD.ravage9.This leads record companies to treat musicians as contracted artists who are not paid a fixed sum for their labor-time, but instea
6、d receive royalties in _ to their success.（分数：0.50）A.additionB.relationC.percentageD.proportion10.This project would _ a huge increase in defense spending.（分数：0.50）A.resultB.assureC.entailD.accomplish11.Awards provide a(n) _ for young people to improve their skills.（分数：0.50）A.incentiveB.initiativeC.
7、fugitiveD.captive12.The realization of all the potential profits _ depends on sufficient spending by employers, by the government or by those purchasing exports.（分数：0.50）A.intimatelyB.universallyC.ultimatelyD.instinctively13.The possibilities of an autumn election cannot be _.（分数：0.50）A.struck outB.
8、left outC.ruled outD.counted out14.The burst of growth and prosperity in America after 1945 had social consequences that were _ anywhere in the world.（分数：0.50）A.unprecedentedB.unidentifiedC.unaccountableD.unremarkable15.Police have planned a reconstruction of the crime tomorrow in the hope that this
9、 will _ the memory of the passers-by.（分数：0.50）A.keepB.easeC.jogD.enhance16.Wealthy nations have fallen far behind on their aid _ to the world“s poor.（分数：0.50）A.commitmentsB.engagementsC.responsibilitiesD.applications17.He writes in a very _ manner; there“re many mistakes almost every page.（分数：0.50）A
10、.illegibleB.illiterateC.irregularD.irreversible18.The police let him go, because they didn“t find him guilty _ the murder.（分数：0.50）A.ofB.inC.overD.on19.This cycle of growth, reached its peak in 1986, when the annual rate of growth was _ 12 percent.（分数：0.50）A.in case ofB.in view ofC.in face ofD.in ex
11、cess of二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：6.00)MADONNA seems like a person used to getting her own way. So the pop star must have been dismayed when a court in Malawi refused to her request to adopt a three-year-old girl, Chifundo James. A judge ruled o
12、n Friday April 3rd that the adoption of Chifundo could not go ahead because Madonna had not fulfilled residency requirements. The last time Madonna tried to adopt a Malawian child she met with more success and a heap of criticism. By plucking David Banda from grinding poverty in Malawi in 2006 she p
13、rovoked mixed reactions. Some praised the singer for offering a child an escape from a life of misery. Others suggested that the pop queen might have used her wealth and stardom to bypass usual procedures and jump the queue. Detractors also suggested that it was wrong to take David away from his cou
14、ntry of birth and his remaining family. The criticisms grew louder when it emerged that David was not, in fact, an orphan. That circumstance is not particularly uncommon. Children given up for adoption often do have a surviving parent but one who cannot provide adequate care. David“s father was stil
15、l alive but gave him up to an orphanage where he hoped his offspring would have a better life. The number of families from rich countries wanting to adopt children from poor countries has grown substantially in the past 30 years. And there is little shortage of children who need additional help. In
16、2005 it was estimated that there were 132m children who had lost at least one parent in sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean. Around 13m of these had lost both parents, although most of them lived with extended family. But difficulties abound. (Would-be parents) typically want t
17、o adopt a healthy, young, orphan, usually a small baby. Older children, or those who suffer chronic illnesses, are not in demand. Governments are understandably uneasy about outsiders removing their citizens. And as demand for children to adopt has grown, so have examples of abuse, including cases o
18、f children who have been kidnapped or parents who have been coerced or bribed. The absence of effective international regulation also allows middlemen to profit from the demand for children to adopt. The Hague Convention on Inter Country Adoptions is intended to regulate international adoptions. It
19、states that these can only go ahead if the parents“ consent, where applicable, has been obtained without any kind of payment or compensation. Costs and expenses can be paid, and a reasonable fee may go to the adoption agency involved, but nothing more.（分数：6.00）(1).Paragraph 1 tells that Madonna _.（分
20、数：1.00）A.rarely failed to get whatever she wantedB.adopted a Malawian girl named Mercy JamesC.had an illegal adoption of a Malawian childD.regretted residing in a wrong community(2).We can infer that an adoption is generally acceptable if _.（分数：1.00）A.the adopted has no close kinB.the adopted is a f
21、oreign childC.the adopter is wealthy enoughD.the adopter has won some fame(3).Children like David are put on the list for adoption mostly because _.（分数：1.00）A.their families suffer from povertyB.they have lost both of their parentsC.their parents neglect their growthD.they have escaped from their ho
22、me(4).Which can be concluded about the stated situation of adoption?（分数：1.00）A.Most children put up for adoption have found adoptersB.Those to be adopted outnumber those wanting to adoptC.People are anxious to adopt healthy infantsD.The adopted rarely remain in their home country(5).Paragraph 6 focu
23、ses on the corrupt practices concerning _.（分数：1.00）A.choosing alien adopteesB.caretaking of the adoptedC.the search of suitable adoptersD.the growing demand for adoption(6).The adoption regulations in the Hague Convention will ban _.（分数：1.00）A.charging the parents for giving up childrenB.adopting ch
24、ildren for profitC.adopting two children in one familyD.forcing one to accept any adoptee五、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：6.00)All art booms are different. The previous one ended in 1989, when Japanese buyers withdrew from the Impressionist market. Interest rates rose in the slump that followed; there were plen
25、ty of sellers but no buyers. Today the reverse is true. Buyers are looking to diversify into alternative assets. The only problem is the sellers. There is plenty of money, but little to buy. It should follow, then, that buyers will snap up anything. But that is not quite the case, as the Old Master
26、sales at Christie“s in London on December 8th showed only too well. In the recent sales the best pieces sold brilliantly, and the rest hardly at all. The best included a rare Raphael drawing, and an elegant self-portrait by Sir Anthony van Dyck. Many of the leading dealers were present, including Ph
27、ilip Mould, known as the BBC“s “art detective;“ Alfred Bader, a rich American art-market broker; and the heirs to two important art-dealing businesses, William Noortman and Simon Green. Van Dyck“s oval shaped self-portrait, painted in 1640, the year before he died, had been in the same family for al
28、most 300 years. Mr. Mould joined forces with Mr. Bader to try and win the painting. Young Mr. Noortman, the under bidder who was trying to buy the picture for stock, did not stand a chance. The winning bid was 7.4m, nearly three times van Dyck“s previous auction record. The last lot in Christie“s sa
29、le was a black chalk drawing, less than a foot square, by Raphael, an early 16th-century Italian master. It is the study of a head for one of the Greek muses. Its beauty, rarity and the sense that the study may well have been used by the artist himself when working on a larger painting drew collecto
30、rs from far and wide. Christie“s had estimated the study would fetch 12m-16m. Bidding opened at 8.5m, with three buyers on the telephone. Jennifer Wright, Christie“s New York-based drawings specialist, made a final bid for the Raphael of if 26ma world record for a work on paper. After the sale, Chri
31、stie“s international co-head, Richard Knight, was quick to point out that, at 68.4m, theirs had been the biggest Old Master sale ever. “This result shows what a very solid market this is,“ he said. But that took no account of the failures, which were considerable. 15 of the 43 lots in Christie“s auc
32、tion failed to sell at all.（分数：6.00）(1).Unlike 1989, today, the art market is characterized by an increase of _.（分数：1.00）A.salesB.pricesC.buyersD.supplies(2).Christie“s sale showed that _.（分数：1.00）A.many of the paintings were left on the shelfB.portraits were in greater demand than othersC.buyers al
33、l found their favorite piecesD.sellers worried little about selling their lots(3).The self-portrait of Sir Anthony van Dyck was _.（分数：1.00）A.kept in one home for three centuriesB.once sold for about 2C.put up for auction for the first timeD.won by two American art dealers(4).Raphael“s drawing at the
34、 sale was undoubtedly _.（分数：1.00）A.the portrait of the artist himselfB.the part of a larger paintingC.the copy of a Greek sculptureD.the only one in the world(5).According to the passage, the 26m for the Raphael was most probably unexpected by _.（分数：1.00）A.Alfred BaderB.Jennifer WrightC.Richard Knig
35、htD.Simon Green(6).It can safely be concluded that the Old Master sale mentioned _.（分数：1.00）A.reflected a very solid marketB.had both wins and lossesC.turned out to be a total failureD.sold more works than any other auctions六、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：6.00)A few years ago, in their search for ways to sell
36、more goods, advertising men hit on a new and controversial gimmick. It is a silent, invisible commercial that, the ad men claim, can be rushed past the consumer“s conscious mind and planted in his subconscious- and without the consumer“s knowledge. Developed by James Vicary, a research man who studi
37、es what makes people buy, this technique relies on the psychological principle of subliminal perception. Scientists tell us that many of the sights coming to or eyes are not consciously “seen“. We select only a few for conscious “seeing“ and ignore the rest. Actually the discarded impressions are re
38、corded in the brain though they are below the threshold of consciousness. There“s little doubt in Vicary“s mind as to the subliminal ad“s effectiveness. His proof can be summed up in just two words: sales increase. In an unidentified movie house not so long ago, unknown audiences saw a curious film
39、program. At the same time, on the same screen on which the film hero was courting the heroine a subliminal projector was flashing its invisible commercials. “Get popcorn“, ordered the commercial for a reported one three-thousandths of a second every five seconds. It announced “Coca-Cola“ at the same
40、 speed and frequency to other audiences. At the end of a six weeks trial, popcorn sales had gone up 57 percent, Coke sales 18 percent. Experimental Films. Inc, says the technique is not new. It began research on subliminal perception in 1954. Experimental Films stresses that its equipment was design
41、ed for helping problematic students and treating the mentally ill. At NYU two doctors showed twenty women the projected image of an expressionless face. They told the subjects to watch the face for some change of expression. Then they flashed the word angry on the screen at subliminal speeds. Now th
42、e women thought the face looked unpleasant. When the word happy was flashed on the screen instead, the subjects thought the woman“s facial expression looked much more pleasant. Subliminal techniques, its promoters believe, are good for more than selling popcorn. Perhaps the process can even be used
43、to sell political candidates, by leaving a favorable impression of the candidate in the minds of the electorates subliminally. How convincing are these invisible commercials? Skeptical psychologists answer that they aren“t anywhere near as effective as the ad men would like to think they are. Nothin
44、g has been proven yet scientifically, says a prominent research man.（分数：6.00）(1).Subliminal perception is when one_（分数：1.00）A.has an attempt to buy with a good reasonB.recalls some past events and activitiesC.enjoys seeing some images in his mindD.gets a mental picture without consciousness(2).To ad
45、vertising sponsors, the true test of subliminal projection is whether it_（分数：1.00）A.proves worth the money spentB.call create a mental impressionC.helps sell more of their productsD.can arouse anger in the audience(3).Subliminal ads are invisible because they are shown very_（分数：1.00）A.fastB.naturall
46、yC.oftenD.vaguely(4).Subliminal techniques have NOT been used for_（分数：1.00）A.promoting salesB.making commercialsC.curing mental illnessD.selling political candidates(5).Some psychologists seem to believe that subliminal projection_（分数：1.00）A.needs a cautious applicationB.has no effect on salesC.bene
47、fits the customersD.causes a mental confusion(6).What is the author“s position on subliminal projection in ads?（分数：1.00）A.He reveals none in the passageB.He advocates its prohibitionC.He considers it an exaggerationD.He acclaims its effectiveness七、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Passage 4(总题数：1，分数：5.00)To
48、 avoid the various foolish opinions to which mankind is prone, no superhuman genius is required. A few simple rules will keep you, not from all error, but from silly error. 1 Aristotle could have avoided the mistake of thinking that women have fewer teeth than men, by the simple device of asking Mrs
49、. Aristotle to keep her mouth open while he counted. He did not do so because he thought he knew. Many matters, however, are less easily brought to the test of experience. If, like most of mankind, you have passionate convictions on many such matters, there are ways in which you can make yourself aware of your own bias. 2 If someone maintains that two and two are five, or that Iceland is on the equator, you fe
