1、中国科学院硕士英语真题 2011 年 10 月及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PAPER ONE(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、PART VOCABULARY(总题数：20，分数：10.00)1.In swimming it is necessary to _ the movement of the arms and legs.A. coordinate B. harmonize C. collaborate D. mediate（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.2.Beijings private cars will be banned from the road
2、s _ for one day a week during a six-month trial period.A. incidentally B. occasionally C. randomly D. alternately（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.3.Joe puts too much _ on pills from the drugstore and does not listen to his doctor.A. appliance B. defiance C. reliance D. compliance（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.4.Among 169 cases,
3、the smokers _ 85.79% , and the ratio between males and females is 3.7 to 1.A. answer for B. account for C. take up D. sum up（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.5._ inflation, driven by rising food and oil costs, is striking hardest at the worlds very poor, who are forced to spend 60 to 80 percent of their income on fo
4、od.A. Surging B. Sprouting C. Spilling D. Spinning（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.6.Because the workers were new and inexperienced, the manager had to watch them and _ their work closely.A. attend B. demand C. analyze D. supervise（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.7.The department store guards were nearly _ by the crowds of shopper
5、s waiting for the sale to begin.A. overflowed B. overthrown C. overturned D. overwhelmed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.8.All bad things are interconnected, and any one of them is _ to be the cause of any other.A. subject B. inferior C. liable D. vulnerable（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.9.Teachers have the authority to discipli
6、ne pupils _ their position as a teacher.A. by way of B. by virtue of C. in light of D. in spite of（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.10.You can then eliminate all _ the genuinely suitable applicants without having to interview an enormous number of people in person.A. of B. that C. for D. but（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.11.Debt
7、and the destruction of war have brought major economic setbacks, _ damage to social services and human suffering.A. apart from B. as good as C. except for D. rather than（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.12.On the whole its a good book; and it would be unwise to _ those small defects.A. dwell on B. identify with C. p
8、ersist in D. hack into（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.13.The main objective reason is that some developed countries _ from the basic principle of anti-dumping and take the Anti-dumping Law as a tool for trade protection.A. derive B. deviate C. refrain D. exempt（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.14.While big corporations _ global bu
9、siness news, small companies are charging into overseas markets at a faster pace.A. overtake B. occupy C. dominate D. reflect（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.15.He used to _ his parents to help with the expenses.A. count on B. take in C. look into D. get over（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.16.I was embarrassed when the _ test pap
10、er my teacher spoke about turned out to be mine. I had forgotten to put my name on it.A. marked B. branded C. anonymous D. fictitious（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.17.We _ our voice depending on the circumstances, particularly in relationship to background noise.A. improve B. modulate C. rectify D. temper（分数：0.50
11、）A.B.C.D.18.Im far from certain that this group is going to be able to _ what is necessary to gain complete control.A. carry out B. tear down C. break out D. close down（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.19.I was lucky because I had turned my back on _, pursuing instead common-sense reality.A. illustration B. illusion
12、 C. imagination D. imitation（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.20.Excessive _ in sweets and canned drinks and the lack of availability of fresh fruit and vegetables in the house can teach poor eating patterns.A. aspiration B. intolerance C. exposure D. indulgence（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.三、PART CLOZE TEST(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Adole
13、scents are taking longer to become fully productive members of society, Reed Larson, professor of human development, University of Illinois, Champaign, told the World Future Society, Bethesda, Md. “What we expect of young people is (21) ,“ he argued. They must go to school for 12 years or longer wit
14、hout any (22) that their education will mean career success or relevance when they become adults. (23) , they do so without financial rewards, accept an identity (24) by society, and delay starting a family, all of (25) keeps adolescents in a kind of indeterminate state for years.Larson says that “T
15、here should be way stations along the climb (26) adulthood that allow young people to rest, gather themselves, and consider (27) . “ The success of government, business, and private life in the next 50 years (28) it.Education, literacy, and versatile interpersonal skills (29) the list of necessary p
16、reparations for adulthood. Young people negotiating the complex worlds of home, work, and school (30) use these skills in order to do so (31) and competently. “The adolescent who is able to (32) in only one world is increasingly (33) for adult life, “ he warns.As the time spent on the road to adulth
17、ood increases, so (34) the danger that more youths will fall by the wayside. New and increased opportunities and initiatives will keep more youngsters focused, (35) a smarter, more-versatile generation able to cope with the emerging global, high-tech world.（分数：15.00）(1).A. aggressive B. original C.
18、rigid D. extraordinary（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. qualification B. guarantee C. probability D. recognition（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. However B. Subsequently C. Furthermore D. Therefore（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. denied B. defined C. questioned D. neglected（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. these B. that C. what D. which（
19、分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).A. into B. to C. on D. for（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).A. temptations B. occasions C. alternatives D. inclinations（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(8).A. depends on B. results in C. longs for D. copes with（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(9).A. top B. cover C. hold D. rate（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(10).A. could B. must C. ought
20、 D. shall（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(11).A. temporarily B. smoothly C. instantly D. periodically（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(12).A. operate B. engage C. tackle D. function（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(13).A. ill-prepared B. ill-mannered C. ill-informed D. ill-advised（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(14).A. did B. does C. is D. was（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.
21、(15).A. created B. create C. creating D. to create（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Section A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Everyone has been trying to understand Michael Jacksons death this summer. While medics are still picking at his slender corpse, cultural author
22、ities argue like vultures over his reputation. Should he be remembered as a great singer, a man possibly sexually attracted to children, an emblematic black artist who tried to bleach his face white, the Fred Astaire (a major founder of stage dance) of the 1980s, the first to master the MTV pop vide
23、o, or a troubled victim of a domineering father? His difficult journey from unhappy childhood, to weird quasi-adulthood has been told and re-told frequently and annoyingly across the world.Yet Jacksons current crisis is an extreme version of a process that will happen to us all. For, as Jean-Paul Sa
24、rtre (French existentialist philosopher) put it, at death we become prey to the “Other“our identity dissipating into the sum total of what is thought about us. While we are alive, Sartre explained, we can resist this pressure: we can defy the opinions that other people try to project onto us. We can
25、t erase our pasts, but we can always overturn future expectations. Its a struggle Sartre saw as central to our existence as moral beings: we must do more than act out the roles others have scripted for us.This is the existential condition of humanitywe are the artists of our own lives, although with
26、 the anguish that comes from being condemned to be free. Given the weight of expectations heaped on his shoulders, its something Michael Jackson felt more crushingly than most: a burden reflected in his lifelong modifications of his own appearance. The human body, Ludwig Wittgenstein (an Austrian-Br
27、itish philosopher) once declared, is the best picture we have of the human soul. And Jacksons body in his last days legibly expressed something very revealing.Death, of course, takes everything away. The back catalogue of Jacksons songs is now the complete catalogue. Yet, according to Sartre, death
28、is not the final chord of a melody that suddenly resolves and makes sense of what went before. Instead, it merely begins an endless new argument over meanings from which the corethe real personis perpetually absent. Michael Jackson is no longer with us. Instead, “Michael Jackson“ is becoming the sum
29、 of what others hope to make of him.（分数：6.00）(1).Paragraph 1 mainly tells that people have been trying to _.A. define Jackson as a person B. speculate on Jacksons deathC. stain Jacksons reputation D. question Jackson as a celebrity（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to Sartre, everybody at his death will
30、 surely _.A. draw attention far and wide B. suffer immense defamationC. be the center of peoples talk D. be put under others judgment（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Sartre held that, as a moral being, one should NOT _.A. do simply as others expect B. conceal ones shameful pastC. always defy others opinions D.
31、retreat from various pressures（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).As claimed by Wittgenstein, Jacksons dead body revealed that he _.A. had worked too hard in pleasing his fansB. had fallen victim to public opinionC. had been an extremely sentimental guyD. had experienced both joys and sorrows（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).I
32、n the last paragraph, the “back catalogue“ refers to Jacksons _.A. albums released at his death B. MTV videos of his dancingC. music he had recorded before D. songs sung in his childhood（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).It can be concluded that today what we hear about Michael Jackson may NOT be _.A. invented st
33、ories B. variable storiesC. biased stories D. factual stories（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.七、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Most graduate programs in American universities produce a product for which there is no market (candidates for teaching positions that do not exist) and develop skills for which there is diminis
34、hing demand (research in subfields within subfields and publications in journals read by no one other than a few like-minded colleagues) , all at a rapidly rising cost.Widespread hiring freezes and layoffs have brought these problems into sharp relief now. But our graduate system has been in crisis
35、for decades, and the seeds of this crisis go as far back as the formation of modern universities. Kant, in his 1798 work “The Conflict of the Faculties,“ wrote that universities should “handle the entire content of learning by mass production, so to speak, by a division of labor, so that for every b
36、ranch of the sciences there would be a public teacher or professor appointed as its trustee. “Unfortunately this mass-production university model has led to separation where there ought to be collaboration and to ever-increasing specialization. In my own department, for example, we have 10 faculty m
37、embers, working in eight subfields, with little overlap. And as departments fragment, research and publication become more and more about less and less.The emphasis on narrow scholarship also encourages an educational system that has become a process of cloning. Faculty members cultivate those stude
38、nts whose futures they envision as identical to their own pasts, even though their tenures will stand in the way of these students having futures as full professors.The dirty secret of higher education is that without underpaid graduate students to help in laboratories and with teaching, universitie
39、s couldnt conduct research or even instruct their growing undergraduate populations. Thats one of the main reasons we still encourage people to enroll in doctoral programs. It is simply cheaper to provide graduate students with modest stipends and teaching assistants with as little as $ 5,000 a cour
40、sewith no benefitsthan it is to hire full-time professors.The other obstacle to change is that colleges and universities are self-regulating or, in academic terms, governed by peer review. While trustees and administrations theoretically have some oversight responsibility, in practice, departments o
41、perate independently. To complicate matters further, once a faculty member has been granted tenure, he is functionally autonomous. Many academics who cry out for the regulation of financial markets vehemently oppose it in their own departments.（分数：6.00）(1).According to Paragraph 1, it seems to be NO
42、T worthwhile to attend an American graduate program at a high cost if one wants to _.A. pursue a teaching career B. do business in the futureC. become a prolific writer D. engage in administrative work（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Kant is quoted because _.A. he pointed out why crises would arise in modern un
43、iversitiesB. he proposed some idea of what a modern university should doC. he used to help relieve the problems universities had sufferedD. he found how to cope with conflicts among the faculties（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The boldfaced phrase “less and less“ (in Paragraph 3) refers to _.A. diminishing gov
44、ernmental support B. publications in decreasing numberC. theories with growing intelligibility D. increasingly specialized knowledge（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the author, in todays educational system, its difficult to _.A. attend courses of ones own choiceB. get a scholarship in a desired spe
45、cialtyC. produce students with new horizonsD. ask teachers to stay long in their jobs（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Enrollments in doctoral programs are promoted by universities mainly because they need _.A. the cheap labor of the students B. to show high academic standardC. to attract enough full-time profes
46、sors D. the talented hands to help with research（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).The author thinks its bad for faculty members to be _.A. free from the supervision of the trusteesB. involved in any profit-making activitiesC. subject to peer view on all academic mattersD. restricted to the work in their own depa
47、rtments（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.八、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Next week, the European Parliament will debate stringent regulation of a number of effective pesticides. If this regulation is passed, the consequences will be devastating.In the 1960s, widespread use of the potent and safe insecticide DDT led to
48、 eradication of many insect-borne diseases in Europe and North America. But based on no scientific evidence of human health effects, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency banned DDT, and its European counterparts followed suit. Subsequently, more than 1 million people died each year from malaria
49、but not in America or Europe. Rather, most of the victims were children and women in Africa and Asia.Today, even while acknowledging that indoor spraying of small amounts of DDT would help prevent many deaths and millions of illnesses, nongovernmental organizations continuewith great successto pressure African governments not to allow its use. In order to stave off such pressure, African public he
