1、医学博士外语-试卷 15 及答案解析(总分：166.00，做题时间：90 分钟)1.Section A（分数：10.00）_A.How the fish are delivered.B.How the fish are affected.C.Why fish affect people that way.D.Why people are affected.A.The infirmary was open.B.The man wasn“ t really ill.C.Yesterday wasn“t a holiday.D.The hospital was closed.A.The poor w
2、orking conditions in the hospital.B.The danger of being infected with AIDS.C.The shortage of well-trained health workers for AIDS patients.D.The inadequate medical education about AIDS.A.She wants some cosmetics.B.She wants some medicine to treat her skin trouble.C.She wants some ointment.D.She want
3、s some medicine to treat her stye.A.Go to the cinema.B.Go to the laboratory.C.Write a report.D.Join her friends.A.134 pounds.B.170 pounds.C.152 pounds.D.180 pounds.A.There“ re not enough chocolates to go around.B.The man has eaten more than the woman.C.The woman wants to eat them up.D.The man should
4、n“ t eat any more.A.It is an optimistic one.B.It varies according to her mood.C.It is usually sarcastic.D.It is determined by what she reads in the newspaper.A.They are pleased with their new car.B.They drive a different car today.C.They don“t normally drive on this route.D.They think it“ s nice to
5、change their plan.A.It“s beautiful and expensive.B.It“ s not so beautiful but the price is reasonable.C.It“ s not beautiful, though expensive.D.It“ s too cheap.A.He built the cabinet himself.B.Some people else made the cabinet.C.He thought the cabinet was beautiful.D.He did not make the cabinet.A.He
6、 is happy to help her.B.He is not a typist.C.He can“t help her to move the typewriter.D.He is not allowed to type.A.He“ s angry with the student.B.He“ s crazy.C.He“ s late for class.D.He“ s sick.A.Robert is very rich.B.Robert is generous.C.Robert will help her.D.Robert is on vacation.A.She doesn“ t
7、have so much money.B.She considers the price reasonable.C.She buys very little chocolate.D.She agrees with the man.2.Section B（分数：10.00）_A.The patient is calling the doctor“ s office to make an appointment.B.The man is calling to book a ticket.C.The man is calling to make a reservation.D.The recepti
8、onist is making a phone call.A.To cash a check.B.To check up on the work.C.To change the appointment.D.To have a medical checkup.A.Two o“ clock, the fourteenth, this month.B.Four o“ clock, Friday, the fifteenth, next month.C.Two o“ clock, the fourteenth, next month.D.Four o“ clock, Friday, the fourt
9、h, next month.A.Blue Shield.B.Blue Field.C.Blue Glass.D.Blue Cross.A.He should pay half of the charge.B.He needn“ t pay anything.C.He needs to pay just a little.D.He should pay three-fourths of the charge.A.Heart attacks.B.Strokes.C.Drug addiction.D.Cerebral haemorrhage.A.About 860,000.B.About 1.5 m
10、illion.C.About 1/2 of the total population.D.About 2/3 of the total population.A.Easy to use.B.Safe.C.Economical.D.Fast acting.A.TPA does not work only on the heart.B.TPA does not have an effect on the blood.C.TPA is not a new drug any way.D.TPA causes bleeding in the heart.A.To test the drug on man
11、y more people with heart attacks.B.To test those who suffer from heart attacks.C.To test the doctors who use the new drug.D.To test the new drug in hospitals.3.Section A（分数：2.00）_4.New research methods are being brought to_the subject.（分数：2.00）A.bear onB.pick upC.take apartD.bring on5.Human beings a
12、re_creatures, designed to be on the move.（分数：2.00）A.distinctiveB.dynamicC.intrinsicD.mysterious6.HIV and AIDS may threaten the fundamental values of society, and any attempt to deal with them presents a_challenge.（分数：2.00）A.formidableB.fatalC.favorableD.fantastic7.Kelley“ s publicists abruptly_a pla
13、nned seven-city publicity tour, announcing that their “publishing objectives have been accomplished.“（分数：2.00）A.called offB.called downC.called upD.called for8.Crowding as an environmental variable is only beginning to be seriously examined, and the data so far is_.（分数：2.00）A.informativeB.inconclusi
14、veC.inconspicuousD.indisputable9.Nature never ceases to surprise us. Molecules with_structures and properties turn up in the laboratory all the time.（分数：2.00）A.bioactiveB.miniatureC.bizarreD.invisible10.Modern epidemiologists are still involved with_the causes of diseases.（分数：2.00）A.derivingB.origin
15、atingC.provokingD.tracing11.Section B（分数：2.00）_12.Food is often invested with religious significance.（分数：2.00）A.installedB.entertainedC.chargedD.consumed13.Up to 30 percent of all deaths from coronary heart disease can be attributed to cigarette smoking.（分数：2.00）A.exposedB.endowedC.entitledD.ascribe
16、d14.In the 1970s, the desires for self-fulfillment of millions of Americans split away from the traditional symbols of success.（分数：2.00）A.inspirationsB.applicationsC.aspirationsD.motivations15.Life in technologically advanced societies has additional perils .（分数：2.00）A.advantagesB.prospectsC.hazards
17、D.adventures16.When we say a substance is of the same kind , we mean all parts of it are alike and show the same properties.（分数：2.00）A.originalB.universalC.geneticD.homogeneous17.Experts can even reach consensus on how the material standard of living sharply reduces the death rate.（分数：2.00）A.agreeme
18、ntB.decisionC.judgmentD.resolution18.Much of what we know about the subject on a hypothetical level can be traced to Dr. John B.Calhoun.（分数：2.00）A.meditativeB.presumptiveC.thoughtfulD.deceptive19.Obesity is a condition perpetuated by a diversity of factors.（分数：2.00）A.causedB.sustainedC.modulatedD.mo
19、dified五、Part Cloze(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、Part Reading Compre(总题数：6，分数：60.00)During his lifetime Alfred Nobel reaped millions of dollars in profits from his invention and manufacture of high explosives. Some of these greatly increased the killing power of weapons and so made war more terrible. Nobel, never
20、theless, left much of his fortune for the promotion of world peace as well as the advancement of scientific knowledge and the encouragement of literary achievement. Alfred Bernhard Nobel was born in Stockholm, Sweden, on Oct. 21, 1833. Alfred was a sickly child. He was educated at home. Instead of g
21、oing to high school he traveled widely. He learned chemistry and mechanical engineering in private studies and study abroad. At 21, he joined his father and brother in St. Petersburg. The father had begun some experiments with nitroglycerin but had abandoned them. Alfred resumed these experiments an
22、d invented a blasting cap, made of fulminate of mercury, to fire a charge of nitroglycerin. The cap was a very important development. Although still sickly, Nobel took charge of the family business. In 1863 he returned to Sweden and set up a small factory to make nitroglycerin. A year later a terrif
23、ic explosion destroyed the plant and killed five people. One was his youngest brother, Emil. Nobel, however, refused to give up his work and moved the plant to a barge moored in a lake. Further tragedies occurred. In 1866, after disastrous explosions at world ports, many nations forbade their vessel
24、s to carry nitroglycerin. Nobel then sought to make the explosive safer to handle. He found the answer in dynamite. The invention made Nobel wealthy. He spent the next ten years setting up plants in the United States and Europe. In 1876 he patented blasting gelatin, a combination of guncotton and ni
25、troglycerin. In 1878 he and his brothers developed oil fields in Russia. He invented ballistite in 1888, one of the first smokeless powders. Nobel never married. He found recreation in his laboratory and in writing poetry in imitation of his idol, Percy Bysshe Shelley. In later years he traveled thr
26、oughout Europe and had homes in Paris, in Stockholm, and in San Remo, Italy. In 1876 he met Bertha Kinsky(later Baroness von Suttner), a Bohemian noblewoman. In letters to Nobel over several years she developed his ideas for world peace. Nobel“ s bequest for a peace prize was largely in tribute to h
27、er, though he was somewhat doubtful of the effectiveness of the pacifist movement. He died in 1896 at San Remo, leaving the executors of his will to work out the details of administering the Nobel prizes.（分数：10.00）(1).Nobel made a fortune out of_.（分数：2.00）A.his promotion of world peaceB.his advancem
28、ent of scientific knowledgeC.his encouragement of literary achievementD.his invention and manufacture of high explosives(2).Nobel resumed the experiments his father had abandoned and_.（分数：2.00）A.succeeded in finishing his self-educationB.used nitroglycerin for the first timeC.invented nitroglycerinD
29、.made a very important development(3).Nobel invented dynamite, which_.（分数：2.00）A.was more powerful than nitroglycerinB.made the explosive saferC.caused disastrous explosionsD.frightened many nations(4).Which of the following is true about Nobel?（分数：2.00）A.Nobel helped the U.S. become wealthy by sett
30、ing up plants.B.Nobel was one of the first inventors of ballistite.C.Nobel went to Russia to develop oil fields with smokeless powders.D.Nobel combined guncotton and nitroglycerin to form blasting gelatin.(5).Bertha Kinsky_.（分数：2.00）A.helped Nobel become one of the leading pacifists in the worldB.wa
31、s the first woman to win a Nobel peace prizeC.made Nobel change his willD.developed Nobel“ s ideas for world peaceInhaling pure oxygen for 30 seconds can double your recall of what happens in the next couple of minutes, according to researchers who addressed the annual meeting of the British Psychol
32、ogical Society in London this week. They say the effect lasts for 24 hours. The stimulating influence of oxygen is well-established folk wisdom among professions with access to the gas. Pilots sometimes pass the time by trying to memorise lists of passengers“ names and where they are seated, and an
33、oxygen boost makes the task easier, says Andrew Scholey, a psychologist at the University of Northumbria in Newcastle upon Tyne. Now Scholey and his colleague Mark Moss say they have conclusively shown in six controlled trials that oxygen significantly improves short-term memory, reaction time and a
34、ttentiveness. A mask supplied some participants with pure oxygen and the others with ordinary air, which is about 20 percent oxygen. Neither group knew which type of gas they were inhaling. The volunteers then listened to a series of 15 words. Six minutes later they were asked to remember as many of
35、 the words as possible. The participants who inhaled air remembered only 4 or 5 words - but those who imbibed oxygen recalled 8 or 9. Too little or too much oxygen will not have the desired effect, the researchers discovered. The optimal exposure time ranges from 30 seconds to a minute, they say. An
36、d since the oxygen only lasts a couple of minutes in the body before it reacts with other molecules, volunteers have to be exposed to information soon after inhaling, though the improved recall can last up to 24 hours, says Scholey. So, should cramming students be sniffing oxygen instead of bingeing
37、 on caffeine? Probably not, since high levels of oxygen damage living tissue. Scholey thinks that oxygen-enriched study chambers will remain science fiction. “The only advice I have is not to revise at the top of a mountain.“ And as the festive season gets into full swing, the experience of deep-sea
38、 divers may be especially useful. “Divers have told me they have a blast of oxygen to get rid of hangovers,“ Scholey says. But he warns enthusiasts not to try it at home.（分数：10.00）(1).Through the example of pilots, the author is trying to tell us that_.（分数：2.00）A.oxygen helps memorize passengers“ na
39、mes better in the air than on the groundB.oxygen helps develop a habit of memorizing passengers“ namesC.oxygen can make it easy to kill time in the airD.oxygen has a stimulating influence on memory(2).In the study of Scholey“ s team, short-term memories_.（分数：2.00）A.retained no less than 15 wordsB.wo
40、rked better in those who wore a maskC.were improved in those who inhaled pure oxygenD.were checked in those who inhaled 20 percent oxygen(3).Which of the following would the author most probably agree with ?（分数：2.00）A.The inhaled oxygen can still help you improve your memory when you pick up informa
41、tion in 24 hours.B.You must inhale a proper amount of oxygen so that you can have your recall improved.C.Your improved short-term memory begins to decline shortly after the inhaled oxygen reacts with other molecules.D.The more oxygen you inhale, the longer your improved recall can last.(4).Scholey w
42、ould say that their findings_.（分数：2.00）A.can only be applicable in oxygen-enriched chambersB.can help people stay away from caffeineC.can be applicable to hardworking studentsD.were inapplicable to students(5).It can be concluded that inhaling oxygen can be practiced_.（分数：2.00）A.on the seaB.where fa
43、cilities permitC.everywhere except at homeD.under certain circumstancesThe economic recession of the 1980s and its impact on the quality of life in Third World countries highlighted how important health is for development and how essential it is for concern about public health to feature at the very
44、 heart of development policies. The fact is that it is no longer possible to meet the soaring costs of health and the emergence of new risks such as AIDS unless health is built in among the priority economic objectives. Health and development are indissolubly linked, and the era when health tended t
45、o rate very low in the list of economic targets is past and gone. But a lot remains to be done: the health care services can no longer be left on their own to face up to those new situations, which must be taken into consideration whenever each country constantly reviews its economic objectives. It
46、was long thought that technical progress would provide the solution to all health problems. That this is not the case is proved by the impact that environmental degradation has had on human health, by the pandemic of AIDS, by the way the much greater mobility of people has encouraged the rapid trans
47、mission of diseases, and by the health consequences of modern life-styles. Today we have to find radically new approaches if we are to avoid the present world situation turning into an uncontrollable health. It is essential for national policy-makers in the field of social welfare to give every citi
48、zen much greater decision-making power, especially by ensuring that vulnerable communities have direct access to decisions which concern them. Individuals and communities must be given the opportunity to assume far greater responsibility for their own health and quality of life, by creating a climate that is favourable to well-being and by offering the necessary incentives and support. Independent bodies such as nongovernmental organizations also have an impo
