1、医学博士外语-试卷 12 及答案解析(总分：206.00，做题时间：90 分钟)1.Section A（分数：10.00）_A.nameB.addressC.receiptD.phone numberA.purposefullyB.accidentallyC.occasionallyD.all of a suddenA.Italy.B.Africa.C.The Mediterranean region.D.Places unknown.A.France.B.USAC.Spain.D.Italy.A.adviserB.computer programmerC.product designerD.
2、computer designerA.At the platform 7.B.At the platform 8.C.At the platform 9.D.At the platform 13.A.She will continue with her diet.B.She might diet any day.C.She can“t afford expensive food.D.She is overweight.A.It“s easy to run the business.B.Henry will not succeed.C.Henry is too busy to run the c
3、ompany.D.Henry has already run the company well.A.She doesn“t like to spend unnecessary money.B.The man should first count the number of people going.C.She doesn“t have enough money at present.D.The man shouldn“t expect her to go.A.The sales have been increasing.B.The sales have been satisfactory.C.
4、The sales have been the same.D.The sales haven“t been steady.A.No one likes the food there.B.Some people like the food there.C.All the people having the food there.D.The food seems too heavy there.A.Some like meat while others like poison.B.Different people are interested in different things.C.Meat
5、and poison can be transferred.D.Meat can be served as poison to some extent.A.Restaurant.B.Laundries.C.Gold.D.Both A and BA.Mrs. Smith is good at theory but drives poorly.B.Mrs. Smith always get lost on the road.C.Mrs. Smith knows little about rules and drives fast.D.Mrs. Smith doesn“t know how to s
6、top the car.A.A delicate art.B.A religion.C.An exact science.D.A way of life.2.Section B（分数：10.00）_A.Cut down the figure of unemployment.B.Provide a better education for the unemployed.C.Eliminate the number of unemployment.D.Provide a worthwhile unemployment benefit.A.It“s essential that we should
7、halt the increase of high-technology.B.It“s essential that we should reduce the rate of vehicle production.C.It“s essential that we should be aware of the importance of protecting environment from being polluted.D.It“s essential that we should have better time.A.They have made their contribution to
8、the country.B.They are donators.C.They are down but not out.D.They are the people what they used to be.A.They are in the majority.B.There is a handful of loafersC.There are thousands of well-meaning, responsible teenagers.D.Those who play truant will become hooligans.A.We have planned to clear the c
9、riminalsB.We have no intention of letting them getting away with it.C.They should be sued.D.Layabouts have been educated to do anything better.A.Vitamin BB.Vitamin CC.Vitamin DD.Vitamin AA.Moderate amounts of all kinds of foods.B.Moderate amounts of high calorie food.C.Moderate amounts of low calori
10、e food.D.Moderate amounts of high iron food.A.One fifth.B.Two fifths.C.Three fifths.D.Four fifths.A.Women who are not breast-feeding their children.B.Vegetarian.C.People who have much daily product.D.All the old men.A.Vitamins can help keep people healthy when used correctly.B.Millions of people tak
11、e vitamin pills to improve their health.C.People on diet need vitamins.D.Large amounts of vitamin pills can prevent some things as cancer and heart disease.A.British People like to take a short nap after lunch.B.British People don“t take a short nap after lunch.C.British People don“t feel sleepy aft
12、er lunch.D.British People like to sleep twice a day.A.All animals in the bush.B.The remnant of the same primeval programming.C.The same primeval programming.D.All animals in the world.A.Alcohol will be less potent after lunch.B.A pint of beer at lunchtime is equivalent to a quart in the evening, it
13、can cause afternoon sleepiness.C.People are more alert at lunchtime.D.It is not legal to drink at lunchtime.A.You will be refreshed.B.You will be waken up.C.You will feel far sleepier.D.You will take a cat nap.A.People are not allowed to drive after they drink one quarter in the evening.B.People are
14、 still allowed to drive after they drink one quarter in the evening.C.People are still allowed to drive after they drink one pint at lunchtime.D.None.3.Section A（分数：2.00）_4.An enormous number of people in the world“s poorest countries do not have clean water or adequate sanitation_.（分数：2.00）A.capaci
15、tiesB.facilitiesC.authoritiesD.warranties5.Family-planning clinics give out_advice to people who have decided to limit the size of their families.（分数：2.00）A.insensitiveB.interrogativeC.contraceptiveD.communicative6.Caffeine is the _drug that will just about get you out of the door on time to catch t
16、he bus.（分数：2.00）A.miracleB.mythC.trickD.legend7.Today investigators are still far from_a master map of the vasculature of the heart.（分数：2.00）A.constitutingB.decodingC.draftingD.encoding8.I have never seen a more caring,_group of people in my life.（分数：2.00）A.emotionalB.impersonalC.compulsoryD.compass
17、ionate9.By the time I reached my residency, 1_treating the patient as a whole human being.（分数：2.00）A.yearned forB.broke intoC.pass forD.made for10.We now obtain more than two-thirds of our protein from animal sources, while our grandparents _only one-half from animal sources.（分数：2.00）A.originatedB.d
18、igestedC.deprivedD.derived11.Obesity carries an increased risk of_.（分数：2.00）A.mortalityB.mobilityC.longevityD.maternity12.The best exercise should require continuous_, rather than frequent stops and starts.（分数：2.00）A.compassionB.accelerationC.frustrationD.exertion13.Environmental officials insist th
19、at something be done to_acid rain.（分数：2.00）A.curbB.sueC.detoxifyD.condemn14.Section B（分数：2.00）_15.It would be wildly optimistic to believe that these advances offset such a large reduction in farmland.（分数：2.00）A.take inB.make upC.cut downD.bring about16.To begin with, it is impossible to come up wit
20、h a satisfactory definition of what constitutes happy and unhappy marriage.（分数：2.00）A.explainB.opposeC.representD.propose17.Politicians often use emotional rather than rational arguments to win the support for their actions and ideas.（分数：2.00）A.applicableB.favorableC.sensitiveD.reasonable18.Tests ar
21、e one way for a teacher to assess how much a student has learned.（分数：2.00）A.observeB.appraiseC.appreciateD.induce19.Through live television, the world is now able to witness historical events as they happen.（分数：2.00）A.reserveB.confirmC.perceiveD.transmit20.Most experts say that the new tax plan will
22、 have a negligible effect on the country“s economic problems.（分数：2.00）A.indefiniteB.indispensableC.infiniteD.insignificant21.I don“t know how you could have left out the most important fact of all.（分数：2.00）A.omittedB.fabricatedC.pinpointedD.embraced22.Family and cultural beliefs and norms are import
23、ant predictors of health-seeking behavior.（分数：2.00）A.formulationsB.standardsC.principlesD.notions23.There must be a systematic approach to retrieving notes and analyzing them.（分数：2.00）A.regainingB.relievingC.reversingD.rectifying24.To study the distribution of disease within an area, it is useful to
24、 plot the cases on a map.（分数：2.00）A.markB.allocateC.eraseD.pose五、Part Cloze(总题数：1，分数：20.00)There are only three available strategies for controlling cancer: prevention, screening and treatment. Lung cancer causes more deaths than any other types of cancer. A major cause of the disease is not【C1】_kno
25、wn; there is no good evidence that screening is much help; and treatment fails in about 90 percent of all cases. At present, therefore, the main strategy must be【C2】_. This may not always be true, of course, as for some other types of cancer, researches over the past few decades have produced(or sug
26、gested)some importance in prevention, screening or treatment. 【C3】_. however, we consider not what researchers may one day offer but what today“s knowledge could already deliver that is not being delivered, then the most practical and cost-efficient opportunities for avoiding premature death from ca
27、ncer, especially lung cancer, probably involve neither screening nor improved【C4】_. but prevention. This conclusion does not depend on the unrealistic assumption that we can eliminate tobacco. It merely assumes that we can reduce cigarette sales appreciably by raising prices or by【C5】_on the type of
28、 education that already appears to have a positive effect on cigarette assumption by white-collar workers and that we can substantially reduce the amount of tar【C6】_per cigarette. The practicability of preventing cancer by such measures applies not only in those countries, such as, the United States
29、 of America, because cigarette smoking has been common for decades, 25 to 30 percent of all cancer deaths now involves lung cancer, but also in those where it has become【C7】_only recently. In China, lung cancer as yet accounts for only 5 to 10 percent of all cancer deaths. This is because it may tak
30、e as much as half a century for the rise in smoking to increase in the incidence to lung cancer. Countries where cigarette smoking is only now becoming widespread can expect enormous increase in lung cancer during the 1990“s or early in the next century,【C8】_prompt effective action is taken against
31、the habit indeed, such increase are already plainly evident in parts of the world. There are reasons why the preventions of lung cancer is of such overwhelming importance. First, the disease is extremely common, causing more deaths than any other types of cancer now【C9】_; secondly, it is generally i
32、ncurable; thirdly, effective, practicable measures to reduce its incidence are already reliably known; and finally, reducing tobacco consumption will also have a substantial【C10】_on many other diseases.（分数：20.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.hardlyB.neverC.lessD.reliably(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.treatmentB.cureC.prev
33、entionD.diagnosis(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.AlthoughB.IfC.SinceD.Unless(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.healthB.controlC.environmentD.treatment(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.dealingB.expendingC.hardeningD.inspecting(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.containedB.deliveringC.adoptedD.regulated(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.sensitiveB.tightC.widespreadD.rough(8).【
34、C8】（分数：2.00）A.ifB.unlessC.providedD.while(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.hasB.emergesC.causesD.does(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.troubleB.marginsC.impact六、Part Reading Compre(总题数：6，分数：60.00)Can the Internet help patients jump the line at the doctor“s office? The Silicon Valley Employers Forum, a sophisticated group of te
35、chnology companies, is launching a pilot program to test online “virtual visits“ between doctors at three big local medical groups and about 8,000 employees and their families. The six employers taking part in the Silicon Valley initiative, including heavy hitters such as Oracle and Cisco Systems, h
36、ope that online visits will mean employees won“t have to skip work to tend to minor ailment or to follow up on chronic conditions. “With our long commutes and traffic, driving 40 miles to your doctor in your hometown can be a big chunk of time,“ says Cindy Conway, benefits director at Cadence Design
37、 Systems, one of the participating companies. Doctors aren“t clamoring to chat with patients online for free; they spend enough unpaid time on the phone. Only 1 in 5 has ever E-mailed a patient, and just 9 percent are interested in doing so, according to the research firm Cyber Dialogue. “We are not
38、 stupid,“ says Stirling Somers, executive director of the Silicon Valley Employers group. “Doctors getting paid is a critical piece in getting this to work.“ In the pilot program, physicians will get $ 20 per online consultation, about what they get for a simple office visit. Doctors also fear they“
39、ll be swamped by rambling E-mails that tell everything but what“s needed to make a diagnosis. So the new program will use technology supplied by Healinx, an Alameda, Calif. -based start-up. Healinx“s “Smart Symptom Wizard“ questions patients and turns answers into a succinct message. The company has
40、 online dialogues for 60 common conditions. The doctor can then diagnose the problem and outline a treatment plan, which could include E-mailing a prescription or a face to face visit. Can E-mail replace the doctor“s office? Many conditions, such as persistent cough, require a stethoscope to discove
41、r what“s wrong and to avoid a malpractice suit. Even Larry Bonham, head of one of the doctor“s groups in the pilot, believes the virtual doctor“s visits offer a “very narrow“ sliver of service between phone calls to an advice nurse and a visit to the clinic. The pilot program, set to end in nine mon
42、ths, also hopes to determine whether online visits will boost worker productivity enough to offset the cost of the service. So far, the Internet“s record in the health field has been underwhelming. The experiment is “a huge roll of the dice for Healinx,“ notes Michael Barrett, and analyst at Interne
43、t consulting from Forester Research. If the “Web visits“ succeed, expect some HMOs(Health Maintenance Organizations)to pay for online visits. If doctors, employers, and patients aren“t satisfied, figure on one more E-health start-up to stand down.（分数：10.00）(1).The Silicon Valley employers promote th
44、e E-health program for the purpose of_.（分数：2.00）A.rewarding their employeesB.gratifying the local hospitalsC.boosting worker productivityD.testing a sophisticated technology(2).What can be learned about the on-line doctor“s visits?（分数：2.00）A.They are a quite promising business.B.They are funded by t
45、he local government.C.They are welcomed by all the patients.D.They are very much under experimentation.(3).Of the following people, who are not involved in the program?（分数：2.00）A.Cisco System employees.B.Advice nurses in the clinic.C.Doctors at three local hospitals.D.Oracle executives.(4).According
46、 to Para. 2, doctors are_.（分数：2.00）A.reluctant to serve online for nothingB.not interested in web consultationC.too tired to talk to the patients onlineD.content with $20 paid per Web visit(5).“Smart Symptom Wizard“ is capable of_.（分数：2.00）A.making diagnosesB.producing prescriptionsC.profiling patie
47、nts“ illnessD.offering a treatment planIt is common to think that other animals are ruled by instinct whereas humans lost their instincts and ruled by reason, and that this is why we are so much more flexibly intelligent than other animals. William James, in his book Principles of Psychology, took t
48、he opposite view. He argued that human behavior is more flexibly intelligent than that of other animals because we have more instincts than they do, not fewer. We tend to be blind to the existence of these instincts, however, precisely because they work so well because they process information so effortlessly and automatically. They structure our thought so powerfully, he argued, that it can be difficult to imagine how t
