1、医学博士外语模拟试卷 45 及答案解析(总分：182.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Listening Comp(总题数：8，分数：60.00)1.Section A_A.Dr. Smith isnt a good choice.B.Shes never been treated by Dr. Smith.C.Shes been sitting in the waiting room for too long.D.Shed like to recommend a magazine to the man.A.He thinks that there s more depression
2、 among users of the Internet.B.He doubts there is a correlation between the Internet and depression.C.He is sure that being on the Internet can lead to depression.D.He thinks that depression can make people spend more time on the Internet.A.She is full.B.She has trouble digesting pears.C.She thinks
3、there is not enough.D.She just wants a small one.A.In the clinic.B.In the ward.C.In the drug store.D.In the department store.A.Change his diet.B.Take a different kind of medicine.C.Ask another doctor about the problem.D.Do special knee exercises.A.She needs a new hat and gloves.B.The weather will co
4、ntinue to be cold.C.She doesnt know what the weather will be like tomorrow.D.She doesnt know where the man put his winter clothes.A.The woman shouldnt make him feel bad.B.The woman should help him write a report.C.He doesnt want to take the woman out.D.He feels responsible for the womans mood.A.Shed
5、 rather not discuss her problems.B.She has been healthy.C.Its hard for her to explain her problems.D.Shes sorry she didnt come back sooner.A.Make a list of what she needs to do.B.Schedule an eye exam without delay.C.Order an appointment book.D.Get over her fear of eye doctors.A.The man shouldnt make
6、 the decision so quickly.B.Its too risky to choose such a location.C.The man is doing things in the wrong order.D.Its possible for him to make a better choice.A.His passenger saved him in time.B.He was driving very slowly.C.He was driving a new car.D.He had fastened his seat belt.A.She never keeps o
7、ther people waiting.B.She wants the man to help her with her assignment.C.Shes upset that the man didnt tell her hed be late.D.Shes glad that the man phoned her.A.Business leadership.B.Global business community.C.Economic prospects in China.D.Business and government in China.A.4000.B.5000.C.1300.D.3
8、100A.Beijing.B.Guangzhou.C.Shanghai.D.Hong Kong.2.Section B_A.He went to a private clinic.B.He took some medicines for cold.C.He had blood test and CT.D.He did nothing about it.A.Be admitted into hospital.B.Be injected with some fluid.C.Go back home and have a rest.D.Have blood test and CT.A.Take th
9、e slips and make the payment.B.Go to the lab first.C.Go to the CT room first.D.Go to the nurse station first.A.Cough.B.Cold.C.Pneumonia.D.Oral problems.A.He will accept intravenous injection.B.He will prefer to take oral medication.C.He will not have any medication.D.He will take some painkillers.A.
10、Cancer is a leading cause of death around the world.B.A new medication to cure cancer.C.A new blood test to find cancer.D.How a cancer patient should do.A.He is a professor in University of Swansea in Wales.B.He is a cancer patient in Wales.C.He is a doctor studying cancer.D.He is a scientist in the
11、 US.A.Look for cancer itself.B.Look for the damage made by cancer.C.Identify the cancer directly.D.Cure the cancer.A.Those damaged cells can only be found out by special equipment.B.There are more damaged cells than normal ones.C.Those damaged cells lack a surface protein which healthy cells normall
12、y have.D.Those damaged cells are much bigger than normal ones.A.200.B.300.C.400.D.Millions of.A.100 million.B.100 billion.C.120 million.D.120 billion.A.They are effective for almost all the depression patients.B.They are effective for many depression patients.C.They are effective for few depression
13、patients.D.Their effectiveness is still to be tested.A.A machine.B.Wires.C.A soft hat.D.Helmet.A.Yes, it is a new research result.B.No, it has been used for around 100 years.C.Yes, it has a long way to go.D.No, it was used about 30 years ago.A.It will bring weak abdomen pain.B.It will lead to suicid
14、e.C.It will cause minor headache.D.It is not decided yet.二、Part Vocabulary(总题数：22，分数：40.00)3.Section A_4.Sometimes you can get quite_, when you are trying to communicate with someone in English.（分数：2.00）A.frustratedB.depressedC.approvedD.distracted5.The company has_itself to a policy of equal opport
15、unity for all.（分数：2.00）A.promisedB.committedC.attributedD.converted6.I havent met anyone_the new tax plan.（分数：2.00）A.in honor ofB.in search ofC.in place ofD.in favor of7.Salk won_as the scientist who developed the worlds first effective vaccine against polio.（分数：2.00）A.accomplishmentB.qualificationC
16、.eminenceD.patent8.This software can be_to the needs of each customer.（分数：2.00）A.tailoredB.administratedC.entailedD.accustomed9.The average commercial business can shut down in such an emergency but a hospital doesnt dare for lives are_.（分数：2.00）A.in circulationB.under considerationC.on handD.at sta
17、ke10.As we need plain, _food for the body, so we must have serious reading for the mind.（分数：2.00）A.wholesomeB.dietC.tastefulD.edible11.He never gave much thought to the additional kilograms he had_lately.（分数：2.00）A.shown upB.piled upC.put onD.taken on12.The teacher tried hard to read the_handwriting
18、 in her students test papers.（分数：2.00）A.irregularB.illiterateC.illegibleD.irrational13.A coronary disease is the widely-used term_insufficiency of blood supply to the heart.（分数：2.00）A.denotingB.donatingC.relatingD.resorting14.Section B_15.The rosemary plant is an emblem of fidelity and remembrance.（
19、分数：2.00）A.thoughtfulnessB.tendernessC.faithfulnessD.happiness16.Proper exercise plays a significant role in the rehabilitation of patients with various back ailments.（分数：2.00）A.equationB.recoveryC.distressD.relaxation17.The patient who takes interest in everything and everybody is a formidable adver
20、sary for disease.（分数：2.00）A.dreadfulB.principalC.potentialD.imaginary18.The scientists at the University of Bern in Switzerland have used a weakened virus that is not infectious and has proved safe and effective.（分数：2.00）A.dangerousB.harmfulC.contagiousD.invading19.The doctor did not rule out the po
21、ssibility of food poisoning.（分数：2.00）A.includeB.excludeC.foreseeD.question20.In the final straight Meyers stumbled , and although he didnt fall it was enough to lose his first place.（分数：2.00）A.staggeredB.screamedC.startledD.rebuked21.The coach explained the regulations at length to make sure that no
22、ne of his players would become violators.（分数：2.00）A.in generalB.at bestC.in detailD.at last22.The mental patient fluctuates between great excitement and deep depression.（分数：2.00）A.stabilizesB.recoversC.worsensD.alternates23.Because he wore a strange collection of clothes and often talked to himself,
23、 his neighbor considered him eccentric .（分数：2.00）A.ecstaticB.energeticC.exoticD.peculiar24.It is true that the alleged power of dreams to predict future events still remains unproved.（分数：2.00）A.supposedB.well-knownC.trueD.legal三、Part Cloze(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Researchers at Yale University Medical School
24、 and the Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center at the Institute of Living in Hartford, Conn. , have taken a pretty good look at what happens in the brain of a drunken driver. And it isnt pretty. Using【C1】_scans, the scientists compared the neural activity that【C2】_on and off like lights on a police c
25、ar as both sober【C3】_game. The maps of activity in different areas of the brain【C4】_in new detail the impact that drinking has on a complicated【C5】_task such as driving. “No one had seen that in a scanner【C6】_, “ said Dr. Godfrey Pearlson, a Yale psychiatrist and director of the Olin Center. Pearlso
26、n and Vince Calhoun, a researcher at Yale and Olin, first conducted brain scans on【C7】_drivers as they played the driving simulation game and then as they watched others play the game. Those scans gave the researchers a baseline of【C8】_activity in the unimpaired driver. Subjects were then given a lo
27、w dose or a high dose of boozeenough to get their blood alcohol content to either 0. 04 percent or 0. 10 percent. An inebriated driver often will speed because alcohol has affected the cerebellum, a primitive area of the brain involved in【C9】_function, the researchers found But drunken drivers【C10】_
28、in and out of traffic because of errors in the front parietal cortex, which translates sensory information and helps in the decision-making process, Pearlson said. Drinking did not seem to change activity in five other areas of the brain associated with driving, such as vision centers, the researche
29、rs found. But to the surprise of no one, the more the subjects drank, the more trouble they had with their driving.（分数：20.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.imagedB.imageC.imagineD.imaging(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.flickeredB.turnedC.shoneD.illuminated(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.practiceB.licenseC.simulationD.drinking(4).【C4】（分数
30、：2.00）A.involvedB.revealedC.stimulatedD.conducted(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.mentalB.licensedC.learningD.mantel(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.sinceB.forC.everD.before(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.inebriatedB.drinkingC.soberD.sane(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.centralB.neutralC.neuralD.sensible(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.mentalB.motorC.neuroticD.cautio
31、us(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.weaveB.diveC.fadeD.appear四、Part Reading Compre(总题数：6，分数：60.00)In the idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work. But in the everyday pra
32、ctice of science, discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route. We aim to be objective, but we cannot escape the context of our unique life experience. Prior knowledge and interest influence what we experience, what we think our experiences mean, and the subsequent actions we take
33、. Opportunities for misinterpretation, error, and self-deception abound. Consequently, discovery claims should be thought of as protoscience. Similar to newly staked mining claims, they are full of potential. But it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to transform a discovery claim into a matur
34、e discovery. This is the credibility process, through which the individual researchers me, here, now becomes the communitys anyone, anywhere, anytime. Objective knowledge is the goal, not the starting point. Once a discovery claim becomes public, the discoverer receives intellectual credit. But, unl
35、ike with mining claims, the community takes control of what happens next. Within the complex social structure of the scientific community, researchers make discoveries; editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; other scientists use the new finding to suit their
36、 own purposes; and finally, the public (including other scientists) receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology. As a discovery claim works it through the community, the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involv
37、ed transforms an individuals discovery claim into the communitys credible discovery. Two paradoxes exist throughout this credibility process. First, scientific work tends to focus on some aspect of prevailing Knowledge that is viewed as incomplete or incorrect. Little reward accompanies duplication
38、and confirmation of what is already known and believed. The goal is new-search, not re-search. Not surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future re
39、searchers. Second, novelty itself frequently provokes disbelief. Nobel Laureate and physiologist Albert Szent-Gyorgyi once described discovery as “seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought“. But thinking what nobody else has thought and telling others what they have missed
40、may not change their views. Sometimes years are required for truly novel discovery claims to be accepted and appreciated. In the end, credibility “happens“ to a discovery claim a process that corresponds to what philosopher Annette Baier has described as the commons of the mind. “We reason together,
41、 challenge, revise, and complete each others reasoning and each others conceptions of reason. “（分数：10.00）(1).According to the first paragraph, the process of discovery is characterized by its_.（分数：2.00）A.uncertainty and complexityB.misconception and deceptivenessC.logicality and objectivityD.systema
42、ticness and regularity(2).It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that credibility process requires_.（分数：2.00）A.strict inspectionB.shared effortsC.individual wisdomD.persistent innovation(3).Paragraph 3 shows that a discovery claim becomes credible after it_.（分数：2.00）A.has attracted the attention of the
43、 general publicB.has been examined by the scientific communityC.has received recognition from editors and reviewersD.has been frequently quoted by peer scientists(4).Albert Szent-Gyorgyi would most likely agree that_.（分数：2.00）A.scientific claims will survive challengesB.discoveries today inspire fut
44、ure researchC.efforts to make discoveries are justifiedD.scientific work calls for a critical mind(5).Which of the following would be the best title of the test?（分数：2.00）A.Novelty as an Engine of Scientific Development.B.Collective Scrutiny in Scientific Discovery.C.Evolution of Credibility in Doing
45、 Science.D.Challenge to Credibility at the Gate to Science.It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom or at least confirm that hes the kids dad. All he needs to do is shell out $30 for a paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstoreand
46、 another $120 to get the results. More than 60, 000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become available without prescriptions last year, according to Doug Fogg, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests Dir
47、ectly to the public, ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2, 500. Among the most popular: paternity and kinship testing, which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and families can use to track down kids put up for adoption. DNA testing is also the latest
48、rage among many passionate genealogists and supports businesses that offer to search for a familys geographic roots. Most tests require collecting cells by swabbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA. But some observers are skeptical. “There is a kind of false precision being hawked
