1、英语翻译基础（英汉互译）-试卷 12 及答案解析(总分：12.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、英汉互译(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.汉译英（分数：2.00）_2.科学就是探求真理。在探求真理的过程中，人们对客观规律的认识要经过艰苦曲折的过程。常常有这样的情形：由于研究的角度不同，掌握资料的差异，认识方法的不同，就会出现“横看成岭侧成峰，远近高低各不同”的情况，以至引起学术上的争论。因此，有作为的科学工作者都把反对的意见看作对自己的莫大的帮助，把对自己的批评当作最珍贵的友谊。正如歌德所说，“我们赞同的东西使我们处之泰然，我们反对的东西才使我们的思想获得丰产。”这都是因为，赞同的意见未必正确
2、，反对的意见未必错误。退一步说，即使错误的反对意见，对自己的科学研究也是很有好处的。（分数：2.00）_3.严格来说，哲学不是解释宇宙，那是自然科学的事。哲学家至多只能解释人生，解释自己，解释文本。哲学也不是知，不是知识体系，不是几何学、物理学那样一大套公理、公式，可以解决实际生存问题。哲学的精神永远是探究、怀疑、发问、沉思；而不是提供现成的答案。哲学家有些不食人间烟火，他远离田野车间，甚至也不拿天文望远镜观察观察天体，而只是坐在静谧的书斋里读书、思考，思索那些具有终极意义、虚无缥缈的本体问题。哲学家孤苦伶仃，独处一室之中。面对古往今来的大哲学家遗留下来的问题，他苦苦沉思。他唯一富有的是文本，
3、哲学因而就是解释文本，而不是解释宇宙。（分数：2.00）_4.读书有三个层次，三种境界。第一种境界是见书就读，不加鉴别，没有太多选择。第二种境界是读一部分你特别喜欢的作家的作品，找到你的兴趣和兴奋点在哪里。第三种境界就是只读一本或几本你最喜欢的书，或者反复阅读你喜欢的一个作家，精心研究他的作品。如此，我们应该明白“书越读越少”的意思了。（分数：2.00）_5.所谓选修科目也只是在某一项目范围内略有拣选余地而已。一个受过良好教育的人，犹如一个科班出身的戏剧演员，在学习的时候要服从严格的纪律，唱工做工都要认真学习，各种角色的戏都要完全谙通，学成之后才能各按其趣味而单独发展其所长。学问要有根底，根底
4、要打得平正坚实，以后永远受用。初学阶段的科目之最重要的莫过于语文与数学。语文是阅读达意的工具，国文不通便很难表达自己，外国文不通便很难吸取外来的新知。数学是思想条理之最好的训练。其他科目也各有各的用处，其重要性很难强分轩轾，例如体育，从另一方面看也是重要得无以复加。总之，我们在求学时代，应该暂且把趣味放在一旁，耐着性子接受教育的纪律，把自己锻炼成为坚实的材料。学问的趣味，留在将来慢慢享受一点也不迟。（分数：2.00）_6.一个人的生命究竟有多大意义，这有什么标准可以衡量呢?提出一个绝对标准当然很困难，但是，大体上看一个人对待生命的态度是否严肃认真，看他对待劳动、工作等等的态度如何，也就不难对这
5、个人的存在意义做出适当的估计了。 古来一切有成就的人，都很严肃地对待自己的生命，当他活着一天，总要尽量多劳动、多工作、多学习，不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白地浪费掉。我国历代的劳动人民以及大政治家、大思想家等等都莫不如此。（分数：2.00）_英语翻译基础（英汉互译）-试卷 12 答案解析(总分：12.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、英汉互译(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.汉译英（分数：2.00）_解析：2.科学就是探求真理。在探求真理的过程中，人们对客观规律的认识要经过艰苦曲折的过程。常常有这样的情形：由于研究的角度不同，掌握资料的差异，认识方法的不同，就会出现“横看成岭侧成峰，远近高低各不同
6、”的情况，以至引起学术上的争论。因此，有作为的科学工作者都把反对的意见看作对自己的莫大的帮助，把对自己的批评当作最珍贵的友谊。正如歌德所说，“我们赞同的东西使我们处之泰然，我们反对的东西才使我们的思想获得丰产。”这都是因为，赞同的意见未必正确，反对的意见未必错误。退一步说，即使错误的反对意见，对自己的科学研究也是很有好处的。（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： Science means the exploration of truth. In the process of exploring truth, people will have to experience tremendou
7、s hardships and difficulties before they can come to understand the objective laws. It is often the case that the differences in the research perspectives, the materials mastered, and the ways of understanding would lead to totally different resultsas we might say, “ a mountain becomes a hill when v
8、iewed horizontally and a ridge when viewed vertically, and it assumes totally different shapes when viewed from a short or a long distance, or from a high or a low position. “ and even lead to academic disputes. Therefore, an accomplished scientist would regard opposing arguments as his most tremend
9、ous benefit and take others“ criticism of him as the most precious friendship that he can ever obtain. In Gothe“ s words, “ We take for granted what we are in favor of. However, only what we are opposed to can enrich our thoughts. “ This is all because the approving opinions are not necessarily just
10、ified while the opposing arguments are not necessarily unfounded. To put it in the least way, even the opposing arguments that are mistaken will be immensely beneficial to one“ s own scientific research.)解析：3.严格来说，哲学不是解释宇宙，那是自然科学的事。哲学家至多只能解释人生，解释自己，解释文本。哲学也不是知，不是知识体系，不是几何学、物理学那样一大套公理、公式，可以解决实际生存问题。哲
11、学的精神永远是探究、怀疑、发问、沉思；而不是提供现成的答案。哲学家有些不食人间烟火，他远离田野车间，甚至也不拿天文望远镜观察观察天体，而只是坐在静谧的书斋里读书、思考，思索那些具有终极意义、虚无缥缈的本体问题。哲学家孤苦伶仃，独处一室之中。面对古往今来的大哲学家遗留下来的问题，他苦苦沉思。他唯一富有的是文本，哲学因而就是解释文本，而不是解释宇宙。（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： Strictly speaking, philosophy does not attempt at explicating the universe, a responsibility that primar
12、ily resides with natural sciences. At their best, philosophers can only interpret life, interpret themselves and interpret texts. Philosophy does not pretend to be knowledge; hence it does not aim at the construction of a system of knowledge, dissimilar to geometry or physics whose colossal framewor
13、k of axioms and formulas can provide immediate solutions to the pragmatic problems of human survival. The essence of philosophy lies in eternal questing, questioning, inquiring, and meditating. Philosophy is under no obligation to furnish ready and handy answers. To some extent, philosophers tend to
14、 refrain from any secular involvements. A philosopher seldom frequents farmlands or factories, and he even never bothers to look through a telescope to make any observation of celestial bodies. He is only fond of staying in his personal library, in all its quietude, where he indulges himself in book
15、-reading and in musing, pondering on those intangible ontological issues that he deems to be of ultimate significance. A philosopher is willing to surrender himself to utter loneliness and seclusion, confining himself to a room of his own, in a state of overwhelming solitude. In the face of the phil
16、osophical issues left over by great philosophical thinkers ancient and modern, he contemplates painstakingly. The only wealth to his possession is texts. Therefore, the task of philosophy is to interpret texts rather than to interpret the universe.)解析：4.读书有三个层次，三种境界。第一种境界是见书就读，不加鉴别，没有太多选择。第二种境界是读一部分
17、你特别喜欢的作家的作品，找到你的兴趣和兴奋点在哪里。第三种境界就是只读一本或几本你最喜欢的书，或者反复阅读你喜欢的一个作家，精心研究他的作品。如此，我们应该明白“书越读越少”的意思了。（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： There are three levels, or say, three states with regard to reading. The first state is that you read any book you can lay your hands on without differentiating or choosing. The second s
18、tate is that you only read works by your favorite writers from which you can find interest and excitement. The third state is that you read only one or several books that you like most or read works by your favorite writer once and again to study them carefully. Thus, we may understand the meaning o
19、f “ As you read on, you read less and less.)解析：5.所谓选修科目也只是在某一项目范围内略有拣选余地而已。一个受过良好教育的人，犹如一个科班出身的戏剧演员，在学习的时候要服从严格的纪律，唱工做工都要认真学习，各种角色的戏都要完全谙通，学成之后才能各按其趣味而单独发展其所长。学问要有根底，根底要打得平正坚实，以后永远受用。初学阶段的科目之最重要的莫过于语文与数学。语文是阅读达意的工具，国文不通便很难表达自己，外国文不通便很难吸取外来的新知。数学是思想条理之最好的训练。其他科目也各有各的用处，其重要性很难强分轩轾，例如体育，从另一方面看也是重要得无以复加
20、。总之，我们在求学时代，应该暂且把趣味放在一旁，耐着性子接受教育的纪律，把自己锻炼成为坚实的材料。学问的趣味，留在将来慢慢享受一点也不迟。（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： The so-called electives mean only some little option within the scope of a certain item. A well-educated person is like a professionally trained Peking opera singer. While undergoing the training, he must obse
21、rve a most exact discipline. He must pay equal attention to singing, acting and acrobatic skills, and learn to play different roles. It is not until he has finished the all-round training that he begins to develop his own specialty according to his personal disposition. Laying a solid foundation for
22、 learning will be of great lifelong benefit to you. Of all the school subjects during the preliminary stage of learning, languages and mathematics are the most important. Languages serve as a tool for reading and communication. Without a good knowledge of Chinese, you will find it difficult to expre
23、ss yourself. Without a good knowledge of a foreign language, you will find it difficult to absorb new knowledge from abroad. Mathematics makes for logical thinking. Other subjects also have their respective uses. It is hard to say which is more important. Physical education, for example , is also ex
24、tremely important from another point of view. In short, while in school, we should temporarily put aside our personal liking and patiently observe school discipline so that we may temper ourselves and become solid stuff. Don“ t hurrythere will be a time for you to find relish in learning in the days
25、 to come.)解析：6.一个人的生命究竟有多大意义，这有什么标准可以衡量呢?提出一个绝对标准当然很困难，但是，大体上看一个人对待生命的态度是否严肃认真，看他对待劳动、工作等等的态度如何，也就不难对这个人的存在意义做出适当的估计了。 古来一切有成就的人，都很严肃地对待自己的生命，当他活着一天，总要尽量多劳动、多工作、多学习，不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白地浪费掉。我国历代的劳动人民以及大政治家、大思想家等等都莫不如此。（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： Is there a standard to evaluate how significant the meaning of one“
26、 s life is? Of course, it is by no means easy to advance an absolute one. It is not, however, difficult to work out an evaluation of one“ s existence by judging from, in general, whether he has a serious attitude towards his life, his attitudes towards physical labor and work, etc. All the accomplis
27、hed, since ancient times, have had serious attitudes toward their lives. So long as he lives for a day, he endeavors to labor, work and study as much as possible without passing his years in vain or frittering away his time. None of the working people, great statesmen and thinkers of each dynasty in our country has been exception yet.)解析：
