1、英语翻译基础（英汉互译）-试卷 20 及答案解析(总分：12.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、英汉互译(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.汉译英（分数：2.00）_2.必须优化传统的出口商品结构，靠价格和数量竞争的时代已一去不复返了。在当今激烈竞争的世界上，只有以质取胜和改善售前售后服务才能行得通。要通过精加工和深加丁提高出口商品的附加值；要努力生产适销对路的名特优新产品和“拳头”产品打入国际市场。由于市场形势千变万化，出口产品必须不断地更新换代，做到你无我有，你有我优，胜人筹。（分数：2.00）_3.矿产资源是自然资源的重要组成部分，是人类社会发展的重要物质基础。中国是世界上最早开发利用矿产
2、资源的国家之一。过去 50 年，中国在矿产资源勘探开发方面取得巨大成就。这为中国经济的持续、快速、健康发展提供了重要保障。 中国政府高度重视可持续发展和矿产资源的合理利用，把可持续发展确定为国家战略，把保护资源作为可持续发展战略的重要内容。 中国是一个人口众多、资源相对不足的发展中国家。中国主要依靠本国的矿产资源来保障现代化建设的需要。同时，中国又积极引进国外资本和技术开发中国矿产资源，利用国外市场与国外矿产资源，并努力推动中国矿山企业和矿产品进入国际市场。（分数：2.00）_4.中国经济上半年总体上保持了持续、快速、健康的发展态势。从宏观经济来说不能轻言“过热”。严格地讲，过热不是个经济词汇
3、。过热相当于人体的发烧，是一种病态。把这个不严谨的词汇放在经济生活中容易引起误解。比如说过热和高速度是什么关系?高速度能不能等于过热? 当然，在思想上时刻警惕过热是必要的，但是全社会都来炒作“过热”会有不好的效果。比如，如果中国经济现在过热，下一步肯定会出现通货膨胀，可能会“踩刹车”，外资就会对自己的投资重新进行论证。国内企业家也会这样想。过热炒作太多的话会影响一些非专家型的人。就像医生对病人说疾病的时候要科学、严谨，否则会给病人带来很大的心理负担。心理因素在社会经济生活中越来越重要，舆论引导民众心理要有正确的方向。（分数：2.00）_5.高科技竞争的负面影响 市场经济下的公平竞争是促进经济繁
4、荣的重要因素，但竞争过了头，则其负面影响就不容忽视。 在剧烈竞争下，市场需要往往会让位于竞争需要。各高科技公司不得不投下巨额资金发展新项目，还得避开知识产权纠纷。结果是改头换面，换汤不换药的技术和产品成堆。抢不到市场则损失惨重。 一些大公司为了保住自己的垄断地位，常常制造一些假象，小公司往往被误导而争先恐后地去跟风，最后陷入困境，幸运的被合并，倒霉的破产。（分数：2.00）_6.中国西部经济将继续保持快速增长，为外商投资西部创造更多的投资机会。经过二十多年的快速发展，西部地区已奠定了一定的物质技术基础，社会保持稳定，市场经济体制正在逐步建立和完善之中，为西部经济持续快速增长创造了有利的市场环境
5、。中国政府坚持实行以扩大内需为主的发展方针，并把扩大内需与调整经济结构、推动科技进步、促进对外开放结合起来。随着西部大开发战略的稳步推进，西部地区的资源优势、经济优势将得到充分发挥，经济增长的质量和水平将进一步提高。国家鼓励外商投资西部的政策已经并将继续发挥积极作用，为外商投资西部提供了有力的政策支持。（分数：2.00）_英语翻译基础（英汉互译）-试卷 20 答案解析(总分：12.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、英汉互译(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.汉译英（分数：2.00）_解析：2.必须优化传统的出口商品结构，靠价格和数量竞争的时代已一去不复返了。在当今激烈竞争的世界上，只有以质取胜和
6、改善售前售后服务才能行得通。要通过精加工和深加丁提高出口商品的附加值；要努力生产适销对路的名特优新产品和“拳头”产品打入国际市场。由于市场形势千变万化，出口产品必须不断地更新换代，做到你无我有，你有我优，胜人筹。（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： The traditional pattern of export products needs to be optimized. Gone are the days when merchandise geared to price competition on mass market had its way. Now, in the hig
7、hly competitive world the concepts of “fine quality or else no export“ and “good service before and after sales“ should be the order of the day. Methods of fine or intricate processing should be used to increase the added value on export commodities. And efforts must be made to turn out premium and
8、novel products or the so-called “hard-punch“ items that can edge into foreign markets. With the market changing so quickly, export companies should keep moving up-marketgo where others cannot go or do whatever they have a competitive edge over their rivals.)解析：3.矿产资源是自然资源的重要组成部分，是人类社会发展的重要物质基础。中国是世界
9、上最早开发利用矿产资源的国家之一。过去 50 年，中国在矿产资源勘探开发方面取得巨大成就。这为中国经济的持续、快速、健康发展提供了重要保障。 中国政府高度重视可持续发展和矿产资源的合理利用，把可持续发展确定为国家战略，把保护资源作为可持续发展战略的重要内容。 中国是一个人口众多、资源相对不足的发展中国家。中国主要依靠本国的矿产资源来保障现代化建设的需要。同时，中国又积极引进国外资本和技术开发中国矿产资源，利用国外市场与国外矿产资源，并努力推动中国矿山企业和矿产品进入国际市场。（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： Mineral resources are an important par
10、t of natural resources and an important material foundation for the development of human society. China is one of the first countries in the world to develop and utilize resources. Over the past five decades, China has made great achievements in the survey and development of its mineral resources. T
11、his has provided an important guarantee for the sustained , rapid and sound development of the Chinese economy. The Chinese Government attaches great importance to sustainable development and the rational utilization of mineral resources. It has made sustainable development a national strategy and t
12、he protection of resources an important part of this strategy. China is a developing country with a large population and a relative shortage of resources. It depends mainly on the exploitation of its own mineral resources to meet the needs of its modernization program. Meanwhile, it has made energet
13、ic efforts to introduce foreign capital and technology to exploit its own resources, make use of foreign markets and foreign mineral resources, and strive to help its own mining enterprises and mineral products to enter the international market.)解析：4.中国经济上半年总体上保持了持续、快速、健康的发展态势。从宏观经济来说不能轻言“过热”。严格地讲，过
14、热不是个经济词汇。过热相当于人体的发烧，是一种病态。把这个不严谨的词汇放在经济生活中容易引起误解。比如说过热和高速度是什么关系?高速度能不能等于过热? 当然，在思想上时刻警惕过热是必要的，但是全社会都来炒作“过热”会有不好的效果。比如，如果中国经济现在过热，下一步肯定会出现通货膨胀，可能会“踩刹车”，外资就会对自己的投资重新进行论证。国内企业家也会这样想。过热炒作太多的话会影响一些非专家型的人。就像医生对病人说疾病的时候要科学、严谨，否则会给病人带来很大的心理负担。心理因素在社会经济生活中越来越重要，舆论引导民众心理要有正确的方向。（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： Generally
15、 speaking, China“ s economy has kept a continuous, rapid and healthy development in the first half of the year. Viewed from macroeconomics, it is wrong to allege there is an “ overheat“ in the economy. Strictly speaking, “overheat“ which refers to a kind of sickness corresponding to “fever“ in the h
16、uman body is not an economic term. The use of such an imprecise term in e-conomic life may cause misunderstandings. For example, how would you explain the relationship between overheat and high speed, or does the latter mean the former? Of course it is necessary to keep a vigilance all the time, how
17、ever, it won“ t bring any conclusive result if the whole society talks at length about the “overheat“ of the economy. For instance, if China“ s economy was really overheated at present, inflation would surely follow, then the brake must be applied and as a result foreign investors would re-examine t
18、heir investments in China, and then domestic entrepreneurs would follow suit. Too much talk about “overheat“ would have an adverse effect on some non-expert personnel. A scientific and careful attitude is needed in such talks, just like the way a doctor tells his patient what disease he is suffering
19、 from, lest it should become some psychological burden on the part of the patient. Psychological factors are becoming more and more important in social economic life and a correct orientation is needed on the part of the media in order to lead the public opinion in the right direction.)解析：5.高科技竞争的负面
20、影响 市场经济下的公平竞争是促进经济繁荣的重要因素，但竞争过了头，则其负面影响就不容忽视。 在剧烈竞争下，市场需要往往会让位于竞争需要。各高科技公司不得不投下巨额资金发展新项目，还得避开知识产权纠纷。结果是改头换面，换汤不换药的技术和产品成堆。抢不到市场则损失惨重。 一些大公司为了保住自己的垄断地位，常常制造一些假象，小公司往往被误导而争先恐后地去跟风，最后陷入困境，幸运的被合并，倒霉的破产。（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： Negative Effects of Competition in the Hi-tech Industry In the market economy, t
21、he crucial factor for prosperity is fair competition. But if the competition spins out of control, the negative effects must not be overlooked. In a highly competitive environment, the needs of the market usually give way to the need for competition. Hi-tech companies have to invest huge amounts of
22、money into new projects. To avoid intellectual property rights infringements, they must repackage similar ideas and technologies. As a result, redundant products flood the market. Those who cannot grab a share of the market will suffer great losses. To maintain their monopolies, some big companies c
23、reate smoke screens to lure small companies into developing the latest faddish products. These small companies often land themselves in deep trouble. Those that are lucky get absorbed by bigger companies, while the unlucky ones go under.)解析：6.中国西部经济将继续保持快速增长，为外商投资西部创造更多的投资机会。经过二十多年的快速发展，西部地区已奠定了一定的物
24、质技术基础，社会保持稳定，市场经济体制正在逐步建立和完善之中，为西部经济持续快速增长创造了有利的市场环境。中国政府坚持实行以扩大内需为主的发展方针，并把扩大内需与调整经济结构、推动科技进步、促进对外开放结合起来。随着西部大开发战略的稳步推进，西部地区的资源优势、经济优势将得到充分发挥，经济增长的质量和水平将进一步提高。国家鼓励外商投资西部的政策已经并将继续发挥积极作用，为外商投资西部提供了有力的政策支持。（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： The economy of western China would keep booming and offer more opportuniti
25、es for foreign investors. After two decades “ speedy development, western region has accumulated certain amount of material and technique resources. Stable society, the ongoing establishment and refinement of market economic system, all these create a favorable market environment for western China “
26、 s speedy sustainable economic development. Chinese government would stick to the policy of enlarging domestic needs and combine this with adjusting economic structure, enhancing the development of science and technology and promoting opening. Along with the steady West Development , the advantages of western China would be brought to full play and the local economic development would be enhanced to a higher level. Our country encourages foreign investors to go to western China and gives them favorable policy support. This policy has already and will still exert its positive effect.)解析：
