1、大学英语四级 103 及答案解析(总分：746.58，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on ability and good appearance in job-hunting. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1、在工作中，传统观点认为能力比相貌更重要 2、现在有人认为相貌比能力更重要
2、 3、阐述你的观点 （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)In the United States, the items on a typical dinner plate have traveled between 1,500 and 2,500 miles to get there. That distance has increased by as much as 25 percent over the last 20 years an increase that comes with a series of consequen
3、ces for food, farmers, consumers, local economies and even the global climate. Starting last fall on Tufts Medford/ Somerville campus, students had the chance to lower the overall mileage(里程)of their lunches when the dining hall offered apples grown in nearby Topsfield, Mass. Part of the Harvest Foo
4、d Festival, the “make-your-own-caramel (饴糖) -apple“ display featured (特出展示) six different locally grown apple varieties. The popular Tufts Dining Services program was part of ongoing efforts to increase the amount of local produce (农产品) available on Tufts campuses. Friedman School Ph.D. student Meli
5、ssa Bailey is one of those devoted to the cause. Combining her interests in sustainable agriculture and public policy, Bailey took it upon herself to breathe new life into the Tufts Food Awareness Project, a group launched by Tufts graduate students in the 1990s to raise awareness about the environm
6、ental, social and health issues connected to food production. “It was a great start, and there had been a lot of student backing and interest,“ Bailey says. “But when the students graduate, the idea sort of graduates with them if its not institutionalized as part of the community.“ So Bailey joined
7、forces with Julie Lampie, nutrition marketing specialist for Dining Services, in whom she found an enthusiastic ally, and secured a grant from the Tufts Institute for the Environment to pay graduate students Bryanna Millis and Georgia Kayser to work on the project. Together, the team works to raise
8、awareness, solve problems and forge partnerships among the primary players: Tufts chefs, major food distributors and local farmers. Bailey and Lampie who work on the project mainly as a labor of love also seek to raise awareness among the student body to the point where student demand drives the add
9、ition of local produce to Tufts menus. On caramel apple night, their outreach (达到的范围) took the form of informational posters about the Connemara House Apple Farm and Guinee family who plant and tend the apple trees. They also described the personal and global benefits of eating locally grown produce
10、. “Of course the students loved making caramel apples, but it also gave them an education,“ Bailey says. “Its not up to me to make an ethical appeal to them, but they need to have the information to be able to make an informed choice.“ From farm to fork What are the benefits of buying local? Obvious
11、ly, produce making the trip from Topsfield to Medford requires less sossil (化石) fuel to get it from farm to dining hall than apples grown in Washington State. Using less gasoline means reducing the amount of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere. Shorter trips also require less energy-consum
12、ing refrigeration and waste-producing packaging. Some experts estimate that globe-travelling produce can require up to four times as much energy as an equivalent amount of local food and account for four times the greenhouse gas emissions (释放) . Then theres the amount of energy, water, pesticides an
13、d fertilizers that go into raising produce. “If you grow things that are suited to your climate locally,“ Bailey explains, “you might not need as many of these inputs on the front end to grow things.“ Since the terrorist attacks of September 11,2001, homeland security experts have even noted that fo
14、od is more vulnerable to sabotage (破坏) the longer the distance from farm to fork. Recent decades have witnessed the rise of centralized, corporate agriculture; just 10 multinational companies produce more than half of the products available in the average supermarket. That puts the nations food supp
15、ly at greater risk for contamination (污染) whether intentional or unintentional, as with mad cow disease or E.coli outbreaks. Similarly, if the nations transportation systems were ever disabled, many cities and towns would run out of food within a day or two. But as the interest in consuming locally
16、grown produce blossoms, the number of farmers markets in the United States has doubled in the last decade. That means a safer and more constant food supply for people lucky enough to live near these 3,100 markets. The Worldwatch Institute estimates consumers are spending some $1 billion annually at
17、local fanners markets, pouring that money into their regional economies. A large institution like Tufts buying locally grown produce is a boom to the Massachusetts economy. “The local farms will increasingly benefit, given the volume that we use,“ Bailey says. “The Guinees love farming apples, and t
18、hey just saw this as a great community partnership.“ But even those of us who dont always think quite so globally still have reason to choose locally grown foods. Many varieties of fruits and veggies have actually been bred for features that will help them survive the trip, not necessarily enhance t
19、heir flavor. Double-blind taste tests show people simply find local foods fresher, tastier and more appealing. Bailey says that Tufts dining staff have been enthusiastic partners, too, rising to the creative challenge of creating menus based solely on whats locally available. “The chefs Julie Lampie
20、 works with were great,“ she says. “They came up with new recipes (食谱) using local butternut squash to make soups.“ Winter of our discontent With all the attractive reasons to serve local foods in Tufts dining halls, there is one, long, cold problem. “The limitation is the winter, basically,“ Lampie
21、 laments. “There is so little available for the majority of the school year, which is really frustrating. The California schools have a huge advantage.“ In New England, the growing season is short. From June through September, Massachusetts farmers produce everything from apples to watermelons. But
22、after September, only Octobers apples, cranberries, cabbages, potatoes and squashes remain for chefs to work with until early veggies like asparagus come up in the spring. “The next step would be twofold: One, to find out what the earliest produce would be and when we could get them, and, two, give
23、the chefs time to prepare,“ Bailey says. “Its up to them to integrate the information into their menus, but we need to provide it first.“ Another issue is food preparation. When foods like potatoes or butternut squash come from national vendors, they arrive in cans pre-peeled (预先削皮的) and cubed (切成方块
24、的) . Lettuce often arrives washed, chopped or shredded. Industry insiders call these prepped and ready-to-go bulk foods “value-added.“ But neither the local farms nor Tufts has the labor and facilities to process, say, Maine potatoes this way. “For Tufts, the labor costs of having the staff peel hun
25、dreds of potatoes,“ Bailey says, “its just not feasible (可行的) .“ “Thats something were investigating. Maybe it should be a student job to pick up the produce once a week and bring it to the dining facility,“ says Bailey. “There are obstacles, but I think there are lots of opportunities to overcome t
26、hose obstacles when you consider the resources we have at Tufts.“ （分数：71.00）(1).The article is about how people in the United States have to travel about 1,500 to 2,500 miles to get the typical dinner plates.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Bailey has secured a grant to encourage the Tufts chefs to increase t
27、he amount of local produce on Tufts campuses.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).Buying local food means the consumption of less energy and less green house gas emissions.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Americas food supply is exposed to great danger.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Consumers spending on the local food can help to
28、 boost the local economy.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).If you dont care about the connection between food production and global environment, you dont have enough reason to buy locally grown food.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).Tufts school will get the staff in the cafeteria to give the added-value to the local pro
29、duce.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).Tufts Food Awareness Project was launched to raise awareness about_ connected to food production.（分数：7.10）_(9).Bailey thinks the posters they give can provide students with the necessary information for them to make a sensible food choice, and she doesnt want to make_.（分数
30、：7.10）_(10).The chefs in the Tufts cafeteria have put forward new recipes based_.（分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.They are twins.B.They are classmates.C.They are friends.D.They are colleagues.A.The man is planning a trip to Austin.B.The man has not been to Austin before.C.The man do
31、esnt like Austin.D.The man has been to Austin before.A.The size of the room.B.Long working hours.C.The hot weather.D.The fan in the room.A.The man has changed his destination.B.The man is returning his ticket.C.The man is flying to New York tomorrow morning.D.The man cant manage to go to New York as
32、 planned.A.It is difficult to identify.B.It has been misplaced.C.It is missing.D.It has been borrowed by someone.A.Looking for a timetable.B.Buying some furniture.C.Reserving a table.D.Window shoppingA.Cold and windy.B.Snow will be replaced by strong winds.C.It will get better.D.Rainy and cold.A.It
33、is no longer available.B.It has been reprinted four times.C.The store doesnt have it now, but will have it soon.D.The information in the book is out of date.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.She tried to help newcomers to her country.B.She wanted to teach English better.C.She planned to write about the e
34、vening school.D.She was interested in foreigners.A.Reading.B.Grammar.C.Speaking.D.Writing.A.Have classes.B.Meet his brother.C.Work in a restaurant.D.See his uncle.A.A bus accident.B.A drivers fault.C.Calamities and rescues.D.A successful rescue.A.Jimmy.B.Most passengers.C.The bus driver.D.The driver
35、 of the van.A.Bad weather.B.Drunken driving.C.Too much traffic.D.Wrong traffic signals.A.The shapes of water droplets.B.The formation of rain clouds.C.The characteristics of fog.D.The spread of air currents.A.They both form in large spherical masses.B.They are both common only in cold climates.C.The
36、y both change shape when temperatures vary.D.They are both made of tiny water droplets.A.It leaves a fine coating of ice on everything.B.It is made up of ice crystals.C.It occurs when ice evaporates.D.It feels icy even though it is vapor.A.The density of the water droplets in the air.B.The size of t
37、he water droplets.C.The temperature of the water droplets.D.The purity of the water vapor.A.The crust.B.The ground.C.The plane.D.The boundary.A.Two.B.Seventy.C.Seven.D.Twelve.A.The east coast of North America.B.The west coast of North America.C.The middle of the Atlantic Ocean.D.The middle of the Pa
38、cific Ocean.A.They havent devoted as much energy to medicine as to space travel.B.There are too many kinds of cold viruses for them to identify.C.It is not economical to find a cure for each type of cold.D.They believe people can recover without treatment.A.They reveal the seriousness of the problem
39、.B.They indicate how fast the virus spreads.C.They tell us what kind of medicine to take.D.They show our body is fighting the virus.A.It actually does more harm than good.B.It causes damage to some organs of our body.C.It works better when combined with other remedies.D.It helps us to recover much s
40、ooner.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Traditional Americans think marriage is a serious business. It begins with (36) 1. A young man asks the father of his sweetheart for (37) 2to marry his daughter. If the father agrees, the man later (38) 3 to her. The man usually. gives his fianc a (39) 4ring as a (40
41、) 5of their . Although most weddings follow long-held traditions, theres still room for American (41) 6. For example, the usual place for a wedding is in a (42) 7. But some people get married outdoors in a scenic spot. The (43) 8may invite hundreds of people or just a few close friends. But some thi
42、ngs rarely change. (44) 9. As the ceremony begins, the groom and his attendants stand with the minister, facing the congregation. (45) 10. They give each other a gold ring to ize their marriage commitment. At the wedding reception, the bride and groom greet their guests. (46) 11. Tradition says that
43、 the one who catches the bouquet will be the next to marry. When the reception is over, the newlyweds run to their “decorated“ car and speed off. Many s take a honeymoon, an one-to-two-week vacation trip, to celebrate their marriage. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_
44、填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)In the United States the science of climate change still remains a controversial issue. Part of the problems is that it is complex and hard to isolate its parts. We do know how vital it is to life. The atmosphere forms a gaseous, protective
45、 envelope around earth protecting the earth from the cold of space, from harmful ultraviolet light, and from all but the largest meteors. After traveling over 93 million miles, solar energy strikes the atmosphere and earths surface, warming the planet and creating what is known as the “bio sphere“ w
46、hich is the region of earth capable of sustaining life. Atmospheric circulation is one important reason that life on earth can exist at higher latitudes because equatorial heat is transported poleward, moderating the climate. The atmosphere is not just a protector but also a great transporter. The t
47、ransport of water vapor in the atmosphere is an important mechanism by which heat energy is redistributed poleward. Heat energy absorbed at the equator is deposited at the poles and the temperature gradient between these regions is reduced. The circulation of the atmosphere and the weather it generates is but one example of the many complex, interdependent events of nature. The web of life depends on the proper functioning of these natural mechanisms for its continued existence. Some argue that climate change is too complicated to be attributed only to human ac
