1、翻译三级笔译实务模拟 30 及答案解析(总分：11.50，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section English Ch(总题数：1，分数：5.00)1 The increase in international business and in foreign investment has created a need for executives with knowledge of foreign languages and skills in cross-cultural communication. Americans, however, have not been well train
2、ed in either area and, consequently, have not enjoyed the same level of success in negotiation in all international arena as have their foreign counterparts. Negotiating is the process of communicating back and forth for the purpose of reaching an agreement. 2 It involves persuasion and compromise,
3、but in order to participate in either one, the negotiators must understand the ways in which people are persuaded and how compromise is reached within the culture of the negotiation. In many international business negotiations abroad, Americans are perceived as wealthy and impersonal. 3 It often app
4、ears to the foreign negotiator that the American represents a large multimillion-dollar corporation that can afford to pay the price without bargaining further. The American negotiator“s role becomes that of an impersonal surveyor of information and cash. In studies of American negotiators abroad, s
5、everal traits have been identified that may serve to confirm this stereotypical perception, while undermining the negotiator“s position. 4 Two traits in particular that cause cross-cultural misunderstanding are directness and impatience on the part of the American negotiator. Furthermore, American n
6、egotiators often insist on realizing short-term benefits. Foreign negotiators, on the other hand, may value the relationship established between negotiators and may be willing to invest time in it for long-term benefits. 5 In order to solidify the relationship, they may opt for indirect interactions
7、 without regard for the time involved in getting to know the other negotiator. Clearly, perceptions and differences in values affect the outcomes of negotiations and the success for negotiators. For Americans to play a more effective role in international business negotiations, they must put forth m
8、ore effort to improve cross-cultural understanding.（分数：5.00）_二、Section Chinese-En(总题数：1，分数：6.50)1.1“技术转让”的基本设想是：发达国家利用新发现开发技术会给发展中国家带来适用的成果。 2问题在于：这种结果是不是转让过程中不可避免的、固有的；是不是仅仅反映了资源的缺乏和管理不当。 3这种殖民主义方式不考虑其发展过程是否能被“技术转让”接受国的人们执行。“技术转让”始于培训，终于应用，其哲学基础是由制度化的科学结构内的一整套社会文化和经济所决定的价值观所构成的。这些价值观选择那些被认为有意义的问题，决
9、定优先的研究计划，评估所取得的成果的意义。 4这种情况必须用一种新的方法予以取代，作为发展中国家前沿科学发展的一部分。这种方法即所谓的“基础知识转让”。 5内部的“技术转让”要求每个国家或地区有一定数量的训练有素的科学家；每个国家和地区都需要创造方式，以保持带头人能始终胜任工作。 （分数：6.50）_翻译三级笔译实务模拟 30 答案解析(总分：11.50，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section English Ch(总题数：1，分数：5.00)1 The increase in international business and in foreign investment has crea
10、ted a need for executives with knowledge of foreign languages and skills in cross-cultural communication. Americans, however, have not been well trained in either area and, consequently, have not enjoyed the same level of success in negotiation in all international arena as have their foreign counte
11、rparts. Negotiating is the process of communicating back and forth for the purpose of reaching an agreement. 2 It involves persuasion and compromise, but in order to participate in either one, the negotiators must understand the ways in which people are persuaded and how compromise is reached within
12、 the culture of the negotiation. In many international business negotiations abroad, Americans are perceived as wealthy and impersonal. 3 It often appears to the foreign negotiator that the American represents a large multimillion-dollar corporation that can afford to pay the price without bargainin
13、g further. The American negotiator“s role becomes that of an impersonal surveyor of information and cash. In studies of American negotiators abroad, several traits have been identified that may serve to confirm this stereotypical perception, while undermining the negotiator“s position. 4 Two traits
14、in particular that cause cross-cultural misunderstanding are directness and impatience on the part of the American negotiator. Furthermore, American negotiators often insist on realizing short-term benefits. Foreign negotiators, on the other hand, may value the relationship established between negot
15、iators and may be willing to invest time in it for long-term benefits. 5 In order to solidify the relationship, they may opt for indirect interactions without regard for the time involved in getting to know the other negotiator. Clearly, perceptions and differences in values affect the outcomes of n
16、egotiations and the success for negotiators. For Americans to play a more effective role in international business negotiations, they must put forth more effort to improve cross-cultural understanding.（分数：5.00）_正确答案：()解析：国际贸易和海外投资的增加产生了对具有外语知识和跨文化交流技巧的经理人员的需求。_正确答案：()解析：谈判包括说服和妥协。但是为了进行说服和妥协，谈判者必须懂得
17、在谈判的文化中怎样说服别人和怎样达成妥协。_正确答案：()解析：在外国谈判者看来，似乎美国人代表着一个庞大的拥有数百万资财的大企业，不用进一步地讨价还价就能出得起价钱。美国谈判者的角色变成了一个没有个人感情的信息及现金的供应者。_正确答案：()解析：尤其引起跨文化误解的两个特点是美国谈判者的直截了当和缺乏耐心。_正确答案：()解析：为了巩固这种关系，他们会选择非直接的交流而不计较投入用于了解谈判对方的时间。二、Section Chinese-En(总题数：1，分数：6.50)1.1“技术转让”的基本设想是：发达国家利用新发现开发技术会给发展中国家带来适用的成果。 2问题在于：这种结果是不是转让
18、过程中不可避免的、固有的；是不是仅仅反映了资源的缺乏和管理不当。 3这种殖民主义方式不考虑其发展过程是否能被“技术转让”接受国的人们执行。“技术转让”始于培训，终于应用，其哲学基础是由制度化的科学结构内的一整套社会文化和经济所决定的价值观所构成的。这些价值观选择那些被认为有意义的问题，决定优先的研究计划，评估所取得的成果的意义。 4这种情况必须用一种新的方法予以取代，作为发展中国家前沿科学发展的一部分。这种方法即所谓的“基础知识转让”。 5内部的“技术转让”要求每个国家或地区有一定数量的训练有素的科学家；每个国家和地区都需要创造方式，以保持带头人能始终胜任工作。 （分数：6.50）_正确答案：
19、()解析：1. The underlying assumotion in “technology transfer“ is that the application of new discoveries to the development of new technology by the develooed countries produces results which are applicable to under developed countries. 2. The question is whether such an outcome is inevitable and inher
20、ent in the process or whether it merely reflects the shortage of resources and improper management. 3. Whether the development process is carried out by citizens of the recipient nation or not is irrelevant; the philosophy upon which “technology transfer“ is based, beginning with training and ending
21、 with application, is composed of a set of social-culturally and economically determined values within the institutionalized fabric of science, which select the questions found to be meaningful, dictate the preferred research plans and evaluate the significance only of the results obtained. 4. This
22、situlation must be replaced by a new process which might be called“ basic knowledge transfer“ as part of growth of a forefront science in the developing countries. 5. The problem of internal “technology transfer“ will require for each country or region a suitable number of trained scientific specialists; means for maintaining the competency of these leaders will need to be developed by each nation or region.
