1、英语翻译高级口译-高级阅读(七)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSECTION 1 READI(总题数：4，分数：50.00)Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, A. B. C. or D. to each question.It is the latest innovation from Silicon Val
2、ley: the employee perk is moving from the office to the home. Facebook gives new parents $4,000 in spending money. Stanford School of Medicine is piloting a project to provide doctors with housecleaning and in-home dinner delivery. Genentech offers take-home dinners and helps employees find last-min
3、ute baby sitters when a child is too sick to go to school.These kinds of benefits are a departure from the upscale cafeteria meals, massages and other services intended to keep employees happy and productive while at work. And the goal is not just to reduce stress for employees, but for their famili
4、es, too. If the companies succeed, they will minimize distractions and sources of tension that can inhibit focus and creativity. Now that technology has allowed work to bleed into home life, it seems that companies are trying to address the impact of home life on work.There is, of course, the possib
5、ility that relieving people of chores at home will simply free them up to work more. But David Lewin, a compensation expert and management professor at the University of California, Los Angeles, said he viewed the perks as part of a growing effort by American business to reward people with time and
6、peace of mind instead of more traditional financial tools, like stock options and bonuses. “Theyre trying to get at peoples larger lives and sanity,“ Mr. Lewin said. “You might call it the bang for the nonbuck.“At Deloitte, the consulting firm, employees can get a backup care worker if an aging pare
7、nt or grandparent needs help. The company subsidizes personal trainers and nutritionists, and offers round-the-clock counseling service for help with issues like marital strife and infertility. Deloitte executives, and other experts, said they believe that such benefits were likely to spread.“The wo
8、rkplace was built on the assumption that there was somebody at home dealing with the home front,“ said Anne Weisberg, a longtime human resources executive who helped write a book about new kinds of workplace policies. Not only is that no longer the case, she said, but the work-life pressures seem to
9、 be building. “Theres a greater awareness that were pushing things to the limit and somethings got to give,“ she said. Some compensation experts argue these types of perks ultimately do little to attract employees and might obscure more fundamental problems at companies that have trouble retaining t
10、alent.That is a challenge Stanford owns up to, given the brain drain suffered by academic hospitals, where relentless demands include treating patients, writing grants, doing research and traveling to conferences. So 18 months ago, Stanford hired a consulting firm called Jump Associates to better un
11、derstand why so many academic doctors feel burned out. The company videotaped them from the time they woke up, through the workday and until they and their families went to sleep.In one video, a kidney specialist told a story that shocked the researchers: while she was on maternity leave, she bought
12、 a minivan to ferry the children of friends and neighbors to school and sports practices. That way, the doctor explained, she would be able to ask for favors when she returned to workand that, in theory, would enable her to juggle the dual demands of work and family. Dr. Valantine, a cardiologist, p
13、rofessor and associate dean at the Stanford School of Medicine, said the findings had led her to scrap the idea that people should strive for “work-life balance“ and instead think in terms of “work-life integration“.That shifting mind-setthe idea that life and work must be blended rather than separa
14、tedis increasingly common, according to other doctors, scholars who study work habits and the generally well-compensated workers of Silicon Valley like Andrew Sinkov, 31, whose employer is paying to clean his apartment. The value of the perk is greater than the money saved, he said.His boss, Mr. Lib
15、in, also gives employees $1,000 to spend on vacation, but it has to be “a real vacation“. Mr. Libin added that he did not see these perks just as ways to keep his work forceand their familiesengaged. He said he also tended to be frugal as a chief executive, preferring these types of peace-of-mind be
16、nefits to, say, business-class travel, which the company does not pay for. “Happy workers make better products,“ he said. “The output we care about has everything to do with your state of mind.“At Google, the company has expanded its benefits beyond free meals, dry cleaning and other services on cam
17、pus to offering $500 to new parents. The company has also arranged for fresh fish to be delivered to the office for employees to take home. “What youve seen is benefits moving away from free food into thinking more holistically about individuals and their health,“ said Jordan Newman, a Google spokes
18、man. “And a lot of that happens outside of the office.“（分数：12.50）(1).According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the traditional benefit used to reward employees? A. Upscale cafeteria meals and afternoon teas. B. Housecleaning and take-home dinners. C. Stock options and bonuses. D. Dry c
19、leaning and massages.（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(2).The function of the last sentence of paragraph 2 is _. A. to state the thesis of the passage B. to serve as a summary of the passage C. to lead to a counter-argument in the following paragraphs D. to play the role of transition（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of t
20、he following best explains the expression “the bang for the nonbuck“ (para. 3)? A. The conflict between a companys profits and their employees welfare. B. The undesirable result of neglecting employees bonuses. C. Employees positive state of mind brought by non-money perks. D. Employees peace of min
21、d generated by original financial tools.（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(4).From the story of the kidney specialist, we can know that she did so because _. A. she wanted to be on good terms with her friends and neighbors B. this made her feel comfortable to ask for help from her neighbors and friends when she retu
22、rned to work C. her friends and neighbors wouldnt help her for free when she returned to work D. she wanted to adjust herself to the dual demands of work and family as soon as possible（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(5).It can be inferred from the passage that by providing employees with peace-of-mind perks, compa
23、nies are _. A. likely to gain more since that helps free their employees up to work more B. sure to save more money because they dont need to offer benefits like upscale cafeteria meals and dry cleaning C. addressing the problem of brain drain effectively D. trying to raise their employees awareness
24、 that life and work must be separated（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.Family doctors routinely prescribe antidepressants to patients who may not need them, according to an exclusive survey for The Times. GPs are ignoring official guidelines by hastily prescribing pills rather than waiting to see if symptoms improve
25、, the survey suggests. It also provides evidence that it is GPs and psychiatrists who are likely to propose medication as a treatment, rather than patients demanding pills to make them feel better. In addition, the findings raise questions about the efficacy of reviews of medication, required to mak
26、e sure that patients are still receiving appropriate treatment. Some who took part in the survey claimed that their medication had not been reviewed for years. And there is evidence that GPs are reluctant to discuss options for ending medication, fuelling concerns that too many patients are condemne
27、d to take antidepressants for the rest of their lives regardless of improvements.The survey, which was carried out by the mental health charity Mind, does contain positive news, however, with 84 percent of patients saying that their antidepressants were effective. Access to talking therapies appeare
28、d to be improving, and most patients said that they were able to taper off their medication without suffering harsh side-effects. Last week The Times revealed that more than one million men and women are addicted to benzodiazepine tranquillisers, drugs that include Valium and which should be prescri
29、bed for no more than four weeks for a severely restricted number of conditions.The online survey proved to be one of the most popular ever held by Mind, attracting almost 1,500 responses from people who are on antidepressants or who have stopped taking them within the past two years. Paul Farmer, th
30、e charitys chief executive, said: “Many people are being prescribed antidepressants too quickly and taking antidepressants for longer and longer periods without review. We must not demonise drugs and put people off taking something that might help them. But we need also to remember that antidepressa
31、nts are powerful drugs and as such should be prescribed with caution.“More than 46 million prescriptions for antidepressants such as Seroxat and citalopram were written last year, a rise of 9 percent over the previous 12 months. Experts have expressed concern that doctors are prescribing drugs too c
32、asually, while GPs claim that patients expect to be given pills to help them through even relatively minor upsets. The Royal College of Psychiatry estimates that between 50 percent and 65 percent of people treated with an antidepressant for depression will benefit. Clare Gerada, a GP and president o
33、f the Royal College of General Practitioners, said: “I prescribe antidepressants because they work.“ The length of time people take antidepressants is a key issue. Of those who took part in our survey 37 percent had been on medication for more than five years and 20 percent for more than ten years.T
34、wo thirds said that their GP or psychiatrist had prescribed antidepressants straight away rather than waiting to see if the symptoms improved as recommended in guidelines set by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE). Four out of five said that it was their GP or psychiatri
35、st who suggested medication in the first place. Of those, 51 percent said that they agreed that it was the right course of action but 42 percent were not in agreement. Forty-five percent of respondents felt that they were not given enough information about the medication they were prescribed, althou
36、gh this fell to 39 percent among those who were prescribed antidepressants more recently.More than half said that they experienced ongoing side-effects. 27 percent said that antidepressants affected their ability to work or study; 24 percent their social lives; 21 percent their relationships with fa
37、mily, friends or partners; and 44 percent their sex lives. Only half of respondents have their drugs monitored every three months, and 72 percent at least every six months. Alarmingly, 6 percent never have their drugs monitored. A total of 25 people who took part in the survey had been taking drugs
38、for more than five years without being monitored, and ten people for more than ten years.GPs and psychiatrists appear reluctant to discuss coming off drugs with their patients: 71 percent said that they had not talked about discontinuing medication. Even those who had been on antidepressants for a s
39、ignificant amount of time had not had a discussion about coming off. More than a quarter said that they expected to be on antidepressants for life.Only 7 percent of respondents who had come off medication within the past two years said this had been at the suggestion of their GP or psychiatrist. Sin
40、ce stopping medication 17 percent believed that they have recovered from their mental health problems, and 44 percent said that they could manage their mental health without drugs.（分数：12.50）(1).Of all the findings revealed by the exclusive survey for The Times, which one is NOT true? A. GPs usually
41、prescribe antidepressants to patients hastily. B. More than half of the patients surveyed believed that their antidepressants were effective. C. 80% of the respondents said it was their GP or psychiatrist who suggested medication in the first place. D. Only 7% of the respondents had ended meditation
42、 following their doctors advice within the last two years.（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(2).The word “condemned“ in the sentence “. too many patients are condemned to take antidepressants for the rest of their lives “ (para. 1) can be paraphrased as _. A. forced B. criticized C. diagnosed D. advised（分数：2.50）A.B.
43、C.D.(3).What did Paul Farmer mean by saying “We must not demonise drugs and put people off taking something that might help them“ (para. 3)? A. The effects of drugs are undeniable and we shouldnt arouse patients concern over the use of drugs that might be helpful. B. We shouldnt exaggerate the downs
44、ide of drugs and deter patients from taking antidepressants that might be effective. C. The practice of prescribing antidepressants is acceptable and the use of drugs shouldnt be postponed. D. We shouldnt doubt the safety of drugs and advise patients not to take powerful antidepressants that may bet
45、ter relieve their symptoms.（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(4).More than half of the respondents of this online survey reported that they experienced ongoing side-effects, which affected all of the following aspects EXCEPT _. A. their ability to work or study B. their social lives and sex lives C. their relationsh
46、ips with family members or friends D. their sleep quality（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(5).What is the main idea of the passage? A. Official guidelines on treatment should be followed and antidepressants should be prescribed with caution. B. The exclusive survey carried out by Mind was the most successful one ev
47、er held online because a large number of responses were elicited. C. Antidepressants are powerful drugs and GPs and psychiatrists should let their patients decide whether to use them or not. D. Medication reviews must be done regularly to make sure that patients are receiving effective treatment.（分数
48、：2.50）A.B.C.D.Every so often we read of a star trader who lost so much money that he gave back all the profits he made over several years and shook his bank to its foundations. How does this happen? Were the banks risk managers mistaken about this traders skill? Maybe. But recent research suggests a
49、n alternative explanationthat the winning streak changed the trader. Human biology can help explain what drives traders to acts of folly.When we take on risk, including financial risk, we dont just think about it; we also prepare for it physically. Body and brain fuse as a single functioning unit. Consider what happens on the trading floor when news flashes across the wire. Traders senses are placed on high alert. Breathing accelerates; a thumping heart ge
