1、职称英语综合类 A级-4 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.This book embraces many subjects.（分数：1.00）A.adoptsB.coversC.pressesD.accepts2.He has established himself to be a competent manager by his successfully handling several difficult tasks.（分数：1.00）A.definiteB.effectiveC.qualifiedD
2、deficient3.The play is proved to be a remarkable success.（分数：1.00）A.terrificB.relativeC.ultimateD.slight4.A beautiful woman attended to me in that store yesterday.（分数：1.00）A.waited onB.talked toC.spoke toD.stayed with5.Do you believe these two intimate friends used to be enemies?（分数：1.00）A.bearable
3、B.internalC.closeD.believable6.These are our motives for doing it.（分数：1.00）A.reasonsB.argumentsC.targetsD.pursuit7.He is sure of the coming of investment boom after adopting the new investment policies.（分数：1.00）A.decreaseB.increaseC.influenceD.preparation8.He is considered to be the most diligent st
4、udent in class.（分数：1.00）A.kind-heartedB.hard-workingC.short-sightedD.far-reaching9.I notified him that the meeting had been postponed.（分数：1.00）A.informedB.observedC.mockedD.misled10.Successful leaders dominate events rather than react to them.（分数：1.00）A.controlB.contributeC.conveyD.contact11.Hundred
5、s of species are declared to be extinct in the coming century.（分数：1.00）A.die awayB.leave offC.die outD.leave out12.He is exempted from military service, because of his bad sight.（分数：1.00）A.restrictedB.hamperedC.liberatedD.restrained13.Italian ice cream is imitated all over the world.（分数：1.00）A.copie
6、dB.ignoredC.organizedD.provided14.He pondered her words thoroughly.（分数：1.00）A.thought overB.thought upC.thought ofD.thought out15.The hotel tries to meet the diverse needs of its customers.（分数：1.00）A.variousB.indifferentC.manyD.typical二、B第 2部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)BPrinciples of Governing Persuasion
7、/BIf leadership consists of getting things done through others, then persuasion is one of the leaders essential tools. Many executives have assumed that this tool is beyond their grasp, available only to the charismatic (有魅力的) and the eloquent. Over the past several decades, though, experimental psy
8、chologists have learned which methods reliably lead people to concede, comply, or change. Their research shows that persuasion is governed by several principles that can be taught and applied.The first principle is that people are more likely to follow someone who is similar to them than someone who
9、 is not. Wise managers, then, ask peers to help make their cases. Second, people are more willing to cooperate with those who are not only like them but who like them, as well. So its worth the time to unc9ver real similarities and offer genuine praise.Third, experiments confirm the intuitive truth
10、that people tend to treat you the way you treat them. Its sound policy to do a favor before seeking one. Fourth, individuals are more likely to keep promises they make voluntarily and clearly. The message for managers here is to get commitments in writing. Fifth, studies show that people really do d
11、efer to (服从) experts. So before they attempt to exert influence, executives should take pains to establish their own expertise and not assume that its self-evident. Finally, people want more of a commodity when its scarce; it follows, then, that exclusive information is more persuasive than widely a
12、vailable data.（分数：7.00）(1).Experiments have confirmed the assumption of many executives.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(2).People are more likely to cooperate with those who like them.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(3).Managers do not employ those who are quite di
13、fferent from them.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(4).There is no need for a manager to find out the merits of his employees.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right. B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(5).Experiments have shown that, contrary to our expectation, people tend to treat you the way you treat the
14、m.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(6).There are as many wise managers as there are stupid ones.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(7).Exclusive information is more persuasive than widely known data.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned三、B第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数
15、1，分数：8.00)BMuseums in the Modern World/BMuseums have changed. They are no longer places for the privileged few or for bored vacationers to visit on rainy days. Action and democracy are words used in descriptions of museums now.At a science museum in Ontario, Canada, you can feel your hair stand on
16、end as harmless electricity passes through your body. At the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, you can look at 17th century instruments while listening to their music. At the Modern Museum in Sweden, you can put on costumes provided by the Stockholm Opera. As these examples show, museums
17、are reaching out to new audiences, particularly the young, the poor, and the less educated members of the population. As a result, attendance is increasing.More and more, museums directors are realizing that people learn best when they can somehow become part of what they are seeing. In many science
18、 museums, for example, there are no guided tours. The visitor is encouraged to touch, listen, operate, and experiment so as to discover scientific principles for himself. He can have the experience of operating a spaceship or a computer. He can experiment with glass blowing and papermaking. The purp
19、ose is not only to provide fun but also to help people feel at home in the world of science. The theory is that people who do not understand science will probably fear it, and those who fear science will not use it to the best advantage. Many museums now provide educational services and childrens de
20、partments. In addition to the usual displays, they also offer film showings and dance programs. Instead of being places that one should visit, they are places to enjoy.One cause of all these changes is the increase in wealth and leisure time. Another cause is the rising percentage of young populatio
21、n. Many of these young people are college students or college graduates, they are better educated than their parents. They see things in a new and different way. They are not content to stand and look at works of art; they want art they can participate in. The same is true of science and history. In
22、 the US, certain groups who formerly were too poor to care about anything beyond the basic needs of daily life are now becoming curious about the world around them. The young people in these groups, like young people in general, have benefited from a better education than their parents received. All
23、 these groups, and the rest of the population as well, have been influenced by television, which has taught them about places and other times.The effect of all this has been to change existing museums and m encourage the building of new ones. In the US and Canada alone, there are now more than 6,000
24、 museums, almost twice as many as there were 25 years ago. About half of them are devoted to history, and the rest are evenly divided between the arts and sciences. The number of visitors, according to the American Association of museums, has risen to more than 700 million a year.In fact, the crowds
25、 of visitors at some museums are creating a major problem, admission to museums has always been either free or very inexpensive, but now some museums are charging entrance fees for the first time or raising their prices. Even when raised, however, entrance fees are generally too low to support a mus
26、eum, with its usually large building and its highly trained staff.（分数：8.00）(1).paragraph 2 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).paragraph 5 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Now museums are no longer restricted to the privileged few, but _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Wit
27、h the development of society, people, especially the young people,_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).To meet the needs of society, more museums_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).Two major problems for museums are that they have too many visitors and they_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)B第一篇/BBObesity (肥胖): th
28、e scourge (祸害) of the Western World/BObesity is rapidly becoming a new scourge of the western world, delegates agreed at the 11th European Conference on the issue in Vienna Wednesday to Saturday. According to statements before the opening of the conference of 2,000 specialists from more than 50 coun
29、tries 1.2 billion people worldwide are overweight, and 250 million are obese.Professor Bernhard Ludvik of Vienna General Hospital said: “Obesity is a chronic illness. In Germany, 20 per cent of the people are already affected, but in Japan only one per cent. “But he said that there was hope for suff
30、erers thanks to the new scientific discoveries and medication.Professor Friedrich Hopichler of Salzberg said: “We are living in the new age (but) with the metabolism of a stone-age man.“ “I have just been to the United States. It is really terrible. A pizza shop is springing up on every comer. We ha
31、ve been overrun by fast food and Coca-Cola-ization.“Many of the experts stressed that obesity was a potential killer. Hopichler said, “Eighty per cent of all diabetics are obese, also fifty per cent of all patients with high blood pressure and fifty per cent with adipose tissue complaints.“ “Ten per
32、 cent more weight means thirteen per cent more risk of heart disease. Reducing ones weight by ten per cent leads to thirteen per cent lower blood pressure.“Another expert Hermann Toplak said that the state health services should improve their financing of preventive programs. “Though the health insu
33、rance pays for surgery (such as reducing the size of the stomach) when the body-mass index is more than 40. That is equivalent to a weight of 116 kilograms for a height of 1.70 meters. One should start earlier.“Ludvik said that prevention should begin in school. “Child obesity (fat deposits) correla
34、tes with the time which children spend in front of TV sets.“The consequences were only apparent later on. No more than fifteen per cent of obese people lived to the average life expectancy, for their population group.scourge n. 天灾；祸害obesity n. 肥胖症overrun vt. 侵扰；蹂躏obese adj. 肥胖的diabetic n. 糖尿病患者；adj.
35、糖尿病的medication n. 药物疗法adipose adj. 脂肪的；肥胖的metabolism n. 新陈代谢（分数：15.00）(1).It is estimated that there are _ people suffering from obesity in the world.（分数：3.00）A.250,000,000B.1,200,000,000C.1,450,000,000D.950,000,000(2).It seems that the _ people are least affected by obesity among the developed coun
36、tries and areas mentioned in the passage.（分数：3.00）A.EuropeanB.GermanC.AmericanD.Japanese(3).Which of the following is most often accompanied by obesity?（分数：3.00）A.High blood pressureB.Fatty tissue complaintsC.DiabetesD.Stomach-ache(4).What is the correlation between body weight and heart disease and
37、 blood pressure?（分数：3.00）A.Ten percent less body weight means ten percent less risk of heart disease and high blood pressure.B.Thirteen percent more body weight means ten percent more risk of heart disease and high blood pressure.C.The more body weight one gains, the more risk of heart disease and h
38、igh blood pressure he has.D.The less body weight one gains, the more risk of heart disease and the less risk of high blood pressure he has.(5).From the last paragraph we may infer that one of the effective measures suggested by Ludnik to prevent children from being obese would be_.（分数：3.00）A.not to
39、permit them to watch TV at allB.to tell them to spend less time watching TVC.to turn off TV when they are in front of TV setsD.to calculate accurately the time that a child spends watching TVB第二篇/BBCan Buildings Be Designed to Resist Terrorist Attack?/BIn the aftermath of the terrorist attack on the
40、 World Trade Center, structural engineers are trying hard to solve a question that a month ago would have been completely unthinkable: Can building be designed to withstand catastrophic blasts inflicted by terrorists?Ten days after the terrorist attacks on the twin towers, structural engineers from
41、the University at Buffalo and the Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research (MCEER) headquartered at UB traveled to ground zero as part of a project funded by the National Science Foundation. Visiting the site as part of an MCEER reconnaissance visit. They spent two days beginning
42、 the task of formulating ideas about how to design such structures and to search for clues on how to do so in buildings that were damaged, but still are standing.“Our objective in visiting ground zero was to go and look at the buildings surrounding the World Trade Center, those buildings that are st
43、ill standing, but that sustained damage,“ said M. Bruneau. Ph. D. “Our immediate hope is that we can develop a better understanding as to why those buildings remain standing, while our long-term goal is to see whether earthquake engineering technologies can be married to existing technologies to ach
44、ieve enhanced performance of buildings in the event of terrorist attacks,“ he added.Photographs taken by the investigators demonstrate in startling detail the monumental damage inflicted on the Workd Trade Center towers and buildings in the vicinity. One building a block away from the towers remains
45、 standing, but was badly damaged. “This building is many meters away from the World Trade Center and yet we see a column there that used to be part of that building,“ explained A. Whittaker. Ph. D. “The column became a missile that shot across the road through the window and through the floor.“The v
46、isit to the area also revealed some surprises, according to the engineers. For example, the floor flaming system in one of the adjacent buildings was quite rugged, allowing floors that were pierced by tons of fairing debris to remain intact. “Highly redundant ductile framing systems may provide a si
47、mple, but robust strategy for blast resistance,“ he added. Other strategies may include providing alternate paths for gravity loads in the event that a load-beating column fails. “We also need a better understanding of the mechanism of collapse.“ said A. Whitaker. “We need to find out what causes a
48、building to collapse and how you can predict it.“A. Reinhorn, Ph. D. noted that “earthquake shaking has led to the collapse of many buildings in the past. It induces dynamic response and extremely high stresses and deformations in structural components. Solutions developed for earthquake resistant d
49、esign may be directly applicable to blast engineering and terrorist resistant design. Part of our mission now at UB is to transfer these solutions and to develop new ones where none exist at present.“aftermath n. 后果，结in the vicinity 附近debris n. 碎片reconnaissance n. 勘察ductile adj. 可伸展的，易变形的（分数：15.00）(1).The question rais
