1、专业英语四级（完形填空）-试卷227及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、CLOZE(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.PART IV CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. The words can be used ONCE ONLY.（分数：20.00）_A. for B. vocabulary C. numerous D. endless E. grad
2、ually F. active G. rapidly H. surprisingly I. talked about J. result K referred to L. However M. although N. precise O. Similarly People thinking about the origin of language for the first time usually arrive at the conclusion that it developed 1 as a system of grunts, hisses and cries and must have
3、 been a very simple affair in the beginning. 2, when we observe the language behavior of what we regard as primitive cultures, we find it 3 complicated. It was believed that an Eskimo must have at the tip of his tongue a vocabulary of more than 10,000 words so as to get along reasonably well, much l
4、arger than the 4 vocabulary of an average businessman who speaks English. Moreover, these Eskimo words are far more highly inflected(词尾变化的)than those of any of the well-known European languages, 5 a single noun can be spoken or written in several hundred different forms, each having a 6 meaning diff
5、erent from that of any other. The forms of the verbs are even more 7. The Eskimo language is, therefore, one of the most difficult in the world to learn, with the 8 that almost no traders or explorers have even tried to learn it. Consequently, there has grown up, in communication between Eskimos and
6、 whites, a jargon similar to the pidgin English used in Old China, with a(n) 9 of from 300 to 600 uninflected words. Most of them are derived from Eskimo but some are derived from English, Danish, Spanish, Hawaiian and other languages. It is this jargon that is usually 10 by travelers as the Eskimo
7、language.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_A. switching B. critical C. diminish D. buys E. peeled F. crucial G. altering H. fryers I. cut J. adequately K. taste L. scaled M. commodity N. largely O. of During McDonalds early years French fries were made from scratc
8、h every day. Russet Burbank potatoes were 1, cut into shoestrings, and fried in its kitchens. As the chain expanded nationwide, in the mid-1960s, it sought to 2 labor costs, reduce the number of suppliers, and ensure that its fries tasted the same at every restaurant. McDonalds began 3 to frozen Fre
9、nch fries in 1966and few customers noticed the difference. Nevertheless, the change had a profound effect on the nations agriculture and diet. A familiar food had been transformed into a highly processed industrial 4. McDonalds fries now come from huge manufacturing plants that can process two milli
10、on pounds of potatoes a day. The expansion 5 McDonalds and the popularity of its low-cost, mass-produced fries changed the way Americans eat. The 6 of McDonalds French fries played a 7role in the chains success-fries are much more profitable than hamburgersand was long praised by customers, competit
11、ors, and even food critics. Their distinctive taste does not stem from the kind of potatoes that McDonalds 8, the technology that processes them, or the restaurant equipment that fries them: other chains use Russet Burbank, buy their French fries from the same large processing companies, and have si
12、milar 9 in their restaurant kitchens. The taste of a French fry is 10 determined by the cooking oil. For decades McDonalds cooked its French fries in a mixture of about 7 per cent cottonseed oil and 93 per cent beef fat. The mixture gave the fries their unique flavor.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1
13、:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_A. looking B. focus on C. various D. extensive E. region F. differences G. famous H. enormous I. entire J. overall K. neither L. exactly M. need N. either O. geography Geography is the study of the relationship between people and the land. Geographers compare an
14、d contrast 1 places on the earth. But they also go beyond the individual places and consider the earth as a whole. The word geography comes from two Greek words, ge, the Greek word for earth and graphein, which means to write. The English word geography means to describe the earth. Some geography bo
15、oks 2 a small area like a town or city. Others deal with a 3a state, a nation, or an 4 continent. Many geography books deal with the whole earth. Another way to divide the study of 5 is to distinguish between physical geography and cultural geography. The former focuses on the natural world; the lat
16、ter starts with human beings and studies how human beings and their environment act upon each other. But when geography is considered as a single subject, 6branch can neglect the other. A geographer might be described as one who observes, records, and explains the 7 between places. If all places wer
17、e alike, there would be little 8 for geographers. We know, however, that no two places are 9 the same. Geography, then, is a point of view, a special way of 10 at places.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_A. varies B. general C. meaning D. situation E. possibility
18、F. model G. acquire H. sense I. nonsense J. effective K. exactly O. matter L. geographical M. sensitive N affect What do we mean by a perfect English pronunciation? In one 1 there are as many different kinds of English as there are speakers of it. No two speakers speak in 2 the same way, we can alwa
19、ys hear differences between them, and the pronunciation of English 3 a great deal in different 4 areas. How do we decide what sort of English to use as a 5? This is not a question that can be answered in the same way for all foreign learners of English. If you live in a part of the world, like India
20、 or West Africa, where there is a long tradition of speaking English for 6 communication purposes, you should tend to 7 a good variety of the pronunciation of this area It would be a 8 in these circumstances to use as a model BBC English or things of the sort. On the other hand, if you live in a cou
21、ntry where there is no traditional use of English, you must take as your model some form of native English pronunciation. It does not 9 very much which form you choose. The most 10 way is to take as your model the sort of English you can hear most often.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_
22、填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_专业英语四级（完形填空）-试卷227答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、CLOZE(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.PART IV CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. The words can be used ONCE ONLY.（分数：20.00）_解析：A. for B. vocabulary C. n
23、umerous D. endless E. gradually F. active G. rapidly H. surprisingly I. talked about J. result K referred to L. However M. although N. precise O. Similarly People thinking about the origin of language for the first time usually arrive at the conclusion that it developed 1 as a system of grunts, hiss
24、es and cries and must have been a very simple affair in the beginning. 2, when we observe the language behavior of what we regard as primitive cultures, we find it 3 complicated. It was believed that an Eskimo must have at the tip of his tongue a vocabulary of more than 10,000 words so as to get alo
25、ng reasonably well, much larger than the 4 vocabulary of an average businessman who speaks English. Moreover, these Eskimo words are far more highly inflected(词尾变化的)than those of any of the well-known European languages, 5 a single noun can be spoken or written in several hundred different forms, ea
26、ch having a 6 meaning different from that of any other. The forms of the verbs are even more 7. The Eskimo language is, therefore, one of the most difficult in the world to learn, with the 8 that almost no traders or explorers have even tried to learn it. Consequently, there has grown up, in communi
27、cation between Eskimos and whites, a jargon similar to the pidgin English used in Old China, with a(n) 9 of from 300 to 600 uninflected words. Most of them are derived from Eskimo but some are derived from English, Danish, Spanish, Hawaiian and other languages. It is this jargon that is usually 10 b
28、y travelers as the Eskimo language.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：E）填空项1:_（正确答案：L）填空项1:_（正确答案：H）填空项1:_（正确答案：F）填空项1:_（正确答案：A）填空项1:_（正确答案：N）填空项1:_（正确答案：C）填空项1:_（正确答案：J）填空项1:_（正确答案：B）填空项1:_（正确答案：K）解析：解析：由空格后被动语态的标志by，可推断空格处填入过去分词。这种混合语言当然是被人“称作”爱斯基摩语，refer to sthas意为“把称作”，符合语境，故选K。干扰项talked about不能跟as搭配，可从用法上排除
29、。A. switching B. critical C. diminish D. buys E. peeled F. crucial G. altering H. fryers I. cut J. adequately K. taste L. scaled M. commodity N. largely O. of During McDonalds early years French fries were made from scratch every day. Russet Burbank potatoes were 1, cut into shoestrings, and fried i
30、n its kitchens. As the chain expanded nationwide, in the mid-1960s, it sought to 2 labor costs, reduce the number of suppliers, and ensure that its fries tasted the same at every restaurant. McDonalds began 3 to frozen French fries in 1966and few customers noticed the difference. Nevertheless, the c
31、hange had a profound effect on the nations agriculture and diet. A familiar food had been transformed into a highly processed industrial 4. McDonalds fries now come from huge manufacturing plants that can process two million pounds of potatoes a day. The expansion 5 McDonalds and the popularity of i
32、ts low-cost, mass-produced fries changed the way Americans eat. The 6 of McDonalds French fries played a 7role in the chains success-fries are much more profitable than hamburgersand was long praised by customers, competitors, and even food critics. Their distinctive taste does not stem from the kin
33、d of potatoes that McDonalds 8, the technology that processes them, or the restaurant equipment that fries them: other chains use Russet Burbank, buy their French fries from the same large processing companies, and have similar 9 in their restaurant kitchens. The taste of a French fry is 10 determin
34、ed by the cooking oil. For decades McDonalds cooked its French fries in a mixture of about 7 per cent cottonseed oil and 93 per cent beef fat. The mixture gave the fries their unique flavor.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：E）填空项1:_（正确答案：I）填空项1:_（正确答案：A）填空项1:_（正确答案：M）填空项1:_（正确答案：O）填空项1:_（正确答案：K）填空项1:_（正确答案：F）填空
35、项1:_（正确答案：D）填空项1:_（正确答案：H）填空项1:_（正确答案：N）解析：解析：空格所在句的成分完整，因此推测空格处填入副词。文章最后一句提到“这种混合油给予了麦当劳的炸薯条与众不同的风味”，可由此可见，炸薯条的口味主要取决于烹饪油。备选副词中的largely“主要地”，符合句意。adequately“充分地”并不适合修饰determined“取决于”，故排除。A. looking B. focus on C. various D. extensive E. region F. differences G. famous H. enormous I. entire J. overa
36、ll K. neither L. exactly M. need N. either O. geography Geography is the study of the relationship between people and the land. Geographers compare and contrast 1 places on the earth. But they also go beyond the individual places and consider the earth as a whole. The word geography comes from two G
37、reek words, ge, the Greek word for earth and graphein, which means to write. The English word geography means to describe the earth. Some geography books 2 a small area like a town or city. Others deal with a 3a state, a nation, or an 4 continent. Many geography books deal with the whole earth. Anot
38、her way to divide the study of 5 is to distinguish between physical geography and cultural geography. The former focuses on the natural world; the latter starts with human beings and studies how human beings and their environment act upon each other. But when geography is considered as a single subj
39、ect, 6branch can neglect the other. A geographer might be described as one who observes, records, and explains the 7 between places. If all places were alike, there would be little 8 for geographers. We know, however, that no two places are 9 the same. Geography, then, is a point of view, a special
40、way of 10 at places.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：C）填空项1:_（正确答案：B）填空项1:_（正确答案：E）填空项1:_（正确答案：I）填空项1:_（正确答案：O）填空项1:_（正确答案：K）填空项1:_（正确答案：F）填空项1:_（正确答案：M）填空项1:_（正确答案：L）填空项1:_（正确答案：A）解析：解析：空格前为介词of，而空格后为介词短语，故判断空格填入动名词。本段开头提到了地理学家可能被描述为一个观察地区差异的人，故可知地理就是观察各个地方，空格处填入observes的近义词，词库中的looking符合要求。A. varies B. gener
41、al C. meaning D. situation E. possibility F. model G. acquire H. sense I. nonsense J. effective K. exactly O. matter L. geographical M. sensitive N affect What do we mean by a perfect English pronunciation? In one 1 there are as many different kinds of English as there are speakers of it. No two spe
42、akers speak in 2 the same way, we can always hear differences between them, and the pronunciation of English 3 a great deal in different 4 areas. How do we decide what sort of English to use as a 5? This is not a question that can be answered in the same way for all foreign learners of English. If y
43、ou live in a part of the world, like India or West Africa, where there is a long tradition of speaking English for 6 communication purposes, you should tend to 7 a good variety of the pronunciation of this area It would be a 8 in these circumstances to use as a model BBC English or things of the sor
44、t. On the other hand, if you live in a country where there is no traditional use of English, you must take as your model some form of native English pronunciation. It does not 9 very much which form you choose. The most 10 way is to take as your model the sort of English you can hear most often.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：H）填空项1:_（正确答案：K）填空项1:_（正确答案：A）填空项1:_（正确答案：L）填空项1:_（正确答案：F）
