1、专业英语四级（完形填空）-试卷243及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、CLOZE(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.PART IV CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. The words can be used ONCE ONLY.（分数：20.00）_A. apparently B. part-written C. treats D. work E.
2、secured F. supply G. fully-written H. success I. allege J. growth K. decline L. announced M. finance N. investment O. simply These are dark days for the book business. Borders, a once-huge bookseller, 1 on July 18th that it will close down its remaining stores, leaving nearly 10,700 staff jobless. P
3、ublishers will lose a showcase for their books, which could mean more laid-off editors. Yet the problem is not the 2: writers will still scribble for scraps. Nor demand: American book publishers reported 3 across all platforms last year. It is just that no one is making money. The business needs fre
4、sh ideas. Enter Unbound, a British effort to crowd-fund books. Visitors to its website can pledge money for a book that is only 4. If enough money is raised, the author can afford to finish itand the pledgers will get a copy. Having launched in May, the firm announced its first 5 on July 18th. Terry
5、 Jones, of Monty Python fame, has 6 the funds to finish a book of quirky stories. Handsome edited volumes and e-books will follow. We can make books work at a much lower level of 7, explains John Mitchinson, who co-founded Unbound. Visitors can stump up 10 for an e-book and a nod in the afterword, o
6、r up to 250 for such 8 as lunch with the author. Over 3,000 pledges have come in, averaging 30 apiece. Authors see a new way to nurture fans and make money, even as publishing budgets dwindle. Readers 9 enjoy feeling like part of the creative process. Most readers wont pay 8.99 for an acclaimed book
7、 yet some will spend 50 on a signed unwritten one. In these digitally isolating times, the personal touch may 10.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_A. necessity B. hanging on C. period D. improving E. halted F. bothered G. reasons H. counting on I. performed J. en
8、larged K. prepared L. increasing M. flexibility N. interval O. since A recent BBC documentary, The Town That Never Retired, sought to show the effects of 1 the state pension age by putting retirees back to work. Although the results were entertaining, they need not have 2. Away from the cameras, unp
9、recedented numbers of older people are staying in work. Since the start of the recession, the number of 16- to 24-year-olds in work has fallen by 597,000. Over the same 3 the number of workers over the age of 65 has increased by 240,000. The graying of the British workforce dates back to around 2001
10、 4 when the proportion of older people working has nearly doubled. But it has accelerated since the start of the recession. There are several 5 why. Happily, people are living longer and healthier lives, which makes staying in work less discouraging than it was. Less happily, low interest rates, a
11、stagnant stock market and the end of many defined-benefit pension schemes make it a financial 6. And changing attitudes, spurred by rules against age discrimination, are making it easier than ever. Most older workers are simply 7 at the office: 63% of workers over state pension age have been with th
12、eir employer for more than ten years. Over two-thirds of them work part-time, mostly doing jobs that they once 8 full-time. A big advantage is that they do not pay national insurance contributionseffectively a second income tax on younger workers. According to Stephen McNair, director of the Centre
13、for Research into the Older Workforce, this 9 explains why older workers have not suffered so much in the slump. Instead of reducing the workforce, as in previous recessions, many firms have 10 recruitment and cut working hours. At small businesses in particular, keeping on older workers is cheaper
14、and less risky than training replacements.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_A. technique B. processes C. tested D. procedure E. typically F. small G. competent H. gain I. vague J. affluent K. suggest L. ruin M. complain N. mention O. positively With unemployment t
15、ide throughout the rich world, more and more young people are seeking internships. Many firms, nervous about the future, are reluctant to hire permanent staff until they have 1 them. Intern-recruitment agencies are popping up to help. Inspiring Interns, a London firm, boasts that it can provide 2 in
16、terns within three days. It 3 300 applicants a day, and claims that 65% of the interns it has placed have been hired. Many intern candidates have no previous job experience and only a 4 notion of what work involves. Inspiring Interns screens them with personality tests, coaches them on interview 5.
17、Many internships are unpaid; the firm charges employers 500 a month for each intern plus 10% of the starting salary if an intern is hired permanently. Some 6 that unpaid internships are exploitative. They also worry that only well-heeled youngsters can afford to work for nothing. If an internship is
18、 the first step on the career ladder, the less 7 will never climb it. Others disagree. They think anything that gives people an opportunity to 8 experience is a good thing. Official statistics about internships are not enough, but surveys by the National Association of Colleges and Employers 9 that
19、they work quite well. The average hourly wage for an intern studying for a bachelors degree in America is $16.21, though arty organisations 10 pay nothing. Most important, more than 60% of interns in America are eventually offered full-time jobs. Staff who first work as interns are also more likely
20、to stick around than those who do not.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_A. overachieving B. recruiting C. high D. with E. underachieving F. shortage G. where H. favor I. control J. take K. hardly L. however M. spend N. low O. consistently What are the secrets of s
21、uccess of schools reform? Though there is no one template(模板), four important themes emerge: handing power back to schools; a focus on 1 pupils; a choice of different sorts of schools; and 2 standards for teachers. Of the four chief elements of schools reform, diversity of supply is by far the most
22、striking. From New York to Denmark, schools free of government 3 and run by non-state providers are adding quality to the mix. To date, they seem most successful 4 the state has been unwilling or unable to make a difference. It is still not clear whether creating groups of Free Schools and charter s
23、chools will 5 drive improvement in other institutions, or whether that is wishful thinking. What is clear, 6, is that the shiniest new academy will struggle without decent teachers. An emphasis on better teacher quality is a common feature of all reforms. Countries like Finland and South Korea make
24、life easier for themselves by 7 only elite graduates, and paying them accordingly. Michael Gove, British Conservative education secretary, has said that he wants to raise the degree threshold for teachers and offer golden hellos in areas of 8, like science and language teaching. America has experime
25、nted at state level 9 merit pay and payment by results, but often in the teeth of opposition from the teachers unions. In schools reform, structural progressnew sorts of schools, reorganised old ones, new exams can happen very fast. Better teachers 10 much longer to form. They should be made the pri
26、ority.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_专业英语四级（完形填空）-试卷243答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、CLOZE(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.PART IV CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. The words can be us
27、ed ONCE ONLY.（分数：20.00）_解析：A. apparently B. part-written C. treats D. work E. secured F. supply G. fully-written H. success I. allege J. growth K. decline L. announced M. finance N. investment O. simply These are dark days for the book business. Borders, a once-huge bookseller, 1 on July 18th that i
28、t will close down its remaining stores, leaving nearly 10,700 staff jobless. Publishers will lose a showcase for their books, which could mean more laid-off editors. Yet the problem is not the 2: writers will still scribble for scraps. Nor demand: American book publishers reported 3 across all platf
29、orms last year. It is just that no one is making money. The business needs fresh ideas. Enter Unbound, a British effort to crowd-fund books. Visitors to its website can pledge money for a book that is only 4. If enough money is raised, the author can afford to finish itand the pledgers will get a co
30、py. Having launched in May, the firm announced its first 5 on July 18th. Terry Jones, of Monty Python fame, has 6 the funds to finish a book of quirky stories. Handsome edited volumes and e-books will follow. We can make books work at a much lower level of 7, explains John Mitchinson, who co-founded
31、 Unbound. Visitors can stump up 10 for an e-book and a nod in the afterword, or up to 250 for such 8 as lunch with the author. Over 3,000 pledges have come in, averaging 30 apiece. Authors see a new way to nurture fans and make money, even as publishing budgets dwindle. Readers 9 enjoy feeling like
32、part of the creative process. Most readers wont pay 8.99 for an acclaimed book, yet some will spend 50 on a signed unwritten one. In these digitally isolating times, the personal touch may 10.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：L）填空项1:_（正确答案：F）填空项1:_（正确答案：J）填空项1:_（正确答案：B）填空项1:_（正确答案：H）填空项1:_（正确答案：E）填空项1:_（正确答案：N）
33、填空项1:_（正确答案：C）填空项1:_（正确答案：A）填空项1:_（正确答案：D）解析：解析：此空填入动词，与may一起构成句子的谓语。句中的personal touch指代上文让读者参与出书的方法，由Unbound的例子可看出，这种方法是成功的，故选work“奏效”。A. necessity B. hanging on C. period D. improving E. halted F. bothered G. reasons H. counting on I. performed J. enlarged K. prepared L. increasing M. flexibility
34、N. interval O. since A recent BBC documentary, The Town That Never Retired, sought to show the effects of 1 the state pension age by putting retirees back to work. Although the results were entertaining, they need not have 2. Away from the cameras, unprecedented numbers of older people are staying i
35、n work. Since the start of the recession, the number of 16- to 24-year-olds in work has fallen by 597,000. Over the same 3 the number of workers over the age of 65 has increased by 240,000. The graying of the British workforce dates back to around 2001, 4 when the proportion of older people working
36、has nearly doubled. But it has accelerated since the start of the recession. There are several 5 why. Happily, people are living longer and healthier lives, which makes staying in work less discouraging than it was. Less happily, low interest rates, a stagnant stock market and the end of many define
37、d-benefit pension schemes make it a financial 6. And changing attitudes, spurred by rules against age discrimination, are making it easier than ever. Most older workers are simply 7 at the office: 63% of workers over state pension age have been with their employer for more than ten years. Over two-t
38、hirds of them work part-time, mostly doing jobs that they once 8 full-time. A big advantage is that they do not pay national insurance contributionseffectively a second income tax on younger workers. According to Stephen McNair, director of the Centre for Research into the Older Workforce, this 9 ex
39、plains why older workers have not suffered so much in the slump. Instead of reducing the workforce, as in previous recessions, many firms have 10 recruitment and cut working hours. At small businesses in particular, keeping on older workers is cheaper and less risky than training replacements.（分数：20
40、00）填空项1:_（正确答案：L）填空项1:_（正确答案：F）填空项1:_（正确答案：C）填空项1:_（正确答案：O）填空项1:_（正确答案：G）填空项1:_（正确答案：A）填空项1:_（正确答案：B）填空项1:_（正确答案：I）填空项1:_（正确答案：M）填空项1:_（正确答案：E）解析：解析：空格应填过去分词。现在企业应对经济危机的方法是“停招聘、缩工时”，halted“停止”符合文意。A. technique B. processes C. tested D. procedure E. typically F. small G. competent H. gain I. vague J
41、 affluent K. suggest L. ruin M. complain N. mention O. positively With unemployment tide throughout the rich world, more and more young people are seeking internships. Many firms, nervous about the future, are reluctant to hire permanent staff until they have 1 them. Intern-recruitment agencies are
42、 popping up to help. Inspiring Interns, a London firm, boasts that it can provide 2 interns within three days. It 3 300 applicants a day, and claims that 65% of the interns it has placed have been hired. Many intern candidates have no previous job experience and only a 4 notion of what work involves
43、 Inspiring Interns screens them with personality tests, coaches them on interview 5. Many internships are unpaid; the firm charges employers 500 a month for each intern plus 10% of the starting salary if an intern is hired permanently. Some 6 that unpaid internships are exploitative. They also worr
44、y that only well-heeled youngsters can afford to work for nothing. If an internship is the first step on the career ladder, the less 7 will never climb it. Others disagree. They think anything that gives people an opportunity to 8 experience is a good thing. Official statistics about internships are
45、 not enough, but surveys by the National Association of Colleges and Employers 9 that they work quite well. The average hourly wage for an intern studying for a bachelors degree in America is $16.21, though arty organisations 10 pay nothing. Most important, more than 60% of interns in America are eventually offered full-time jobs. Staff who first work as interns are also more likely
