1、专业英语四级完型填空、语法与词汇-20及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)Warning: Holding a cell phone against your ear or storing it in your pocket may be hazardous to your health.This paraphrases a warning that cell phone manufacturers include in the small print that is often (1) when a new phone is purchased. Apple, (2) ,
2、doesnt want iPhones to come closer to you than 1.5 centimeters; Research In Motion, BlackBerrys manufacturer, (3) 2.5 centimeters.If health issues (4) cell phone use, the implications are huge. According to a recent survey, Americans chat (6) cell phones 2.26 trillion minutes annually, which (6) $10
3、9 billion for the wireless carriers. Epidemiologists (流行病学家) pointed out that brain cancer is a(n) (7) . Overall, there has not been a(n) (8) in its incidence since cell phones arrived. But the average (9) an increase in brain cancer in the 20-to-29 age group (10) a drop for the older population.Mos
4、t cancers have (11) causes, an expert says, (12) she points to laboratory research that suggests low-energy radiation could damage cells that could possibly lead to cancer.Besides, children are more (13) to radiation than adults, other scientists point out. Radiation that (14) only five centimeters
5、into the brain of an adult will reach much deeper into the brains of children because their skulls are thinner and their brains (15) more absorptive fluid.Henry Lai, a research professor at the University of Washington, began laboratory radiation studies in 1980 and found that rats (16) radio freque
6、ncy radiation had (17) DNA in their brains.Ms. Davis recommends (18) wired headsets or the phones speaker. Children should text (19) call, she said, and pregnant women should keep phones away from the abdomen (20) （分数：50.00）(1).A. tossed off B. tossed aboutC. tossed aside D. tossed down（分数：2.50）A.B.
7、C.D.(2).A. for example B. such asC. as a result D. in fact（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. intends B. offersC. shows D. recommends（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. result in B. arise fromC. derive from D. account for（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. on B. in C. from D. at（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. emerges B. arisesC. generates D.
8、arouses（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. issue B. concernC. certainty D. accident（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. raise B. decreaseC. add D. rise（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. masks B. concealsC. disguises D. hides（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. when B. thoughC. while D. however（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. plentiful B. multipleC. versa
9、tile D. abundant（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. or B. butC. and D. otherwise（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. supposed B. boundC. superior D. vulnerable（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. penetrates B. passesC. pierces D. fills（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. contain B. ownC. exist D. produce（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. exposed toB. disc
10、overed byC. experimented byD. absorbed by（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. mined B. damagedC. wrecked D. violated（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. using B. to useC. use D. to using（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. as well as B. in contrast toC. instead of D. rather than（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. automatically B. intentionallyC.
11、 consciously D. immediately（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.Linguistic researchers have gradually come to understand how and why so many teenagers sound like Dizzee Rascal, a rapper from Bow in east London. They call this (1) , changing argot (俚语) Multicultural London English (MLE).When MLE first (2) , linguists be
12、lieved it was a ham version of the way West Indians speak English. In the early 1980s West Indians who had spoken Cockney suddenly started to speak (3) , explains Paul Kerswill of York University. Young Afro-Caribbean men (4) have adopted a new style of speech as they sought to forge a(n) (5) in an
13、often hostile society. Others were thought to have (6) them.But (7) being cod-Jamaican, MLE is now thought to be a hybrid (混合的) (8) that emerged from the mixing of West Indians, South Asians and speakers of Cockney and Estuary English.Researchers have found that MLE (9) from place to place. Variants
14、 have emerged in (10) cities with many immigrants, such as Birmingham and Manchester. Children tend to (11) MLE at secondary school. It is more commonand more strongly accentedamong boys (12) among girls. The grammar that tends to (13) MLE is increasingly uniform: for example the use of we wasnt (14
15、) place of we werent.Linguists are most excited by (15) MLE is doing to the rhythm of speech. English is usually spoken with a stress-timed rhythm, in which syllables are stressed at regular (16) Speakers of MLE speak with a syllable-timed rhythm, in which all syllables are (17) roughly the same tim
16、e and stress, as in French or Japanese. Syllable-timed speech is a (18) of languages that have come into contact (19) other languages. Versions of it may have (20) in multicultural places such as Hackney for centuries, thinks Mr. Kerswill.（分数：50.00）(1).A. spreading B. expandingC. extending D. stretc
17、hing（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. emerged B. emittedC. submerged D. submitted（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. diligently B. directlyC. differently D. disgracefully（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. need B. mayC. should D. ought to（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. ability B. identificationC. stability D. identity（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A.
18、 pretended B. fakedC. assumed D. copied（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. away from B. far fromC. distinct from D. free from（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. dialect B. intellectC. neglect D. aspect（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. amends B. revisesC. alters D. modifies（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. another B. otherC. others D. else（分数
19、：2.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. pick out B. pick onC. pick over D. pick up（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. and B. orC. than D. as（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. accompany B. accomplishC. accommodate D. accumulate（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. at B. onC. in D. to（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. how B. whatC. why D. which（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(
20、16).A. gaps B. ceasesC. intervals D. distances（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. recorded B. affordedC. absorbed D. accorded（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. personality B. characteristicC. morality D. virtue（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. with B. forC. to D. on（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. existed B. exertedC. happened D. appear
21、ed（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.专业英语四级完型填空、语法与词汇-20答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)Warning: Holding a cell phone against your ear or storing it in your pocket may be hazardous to your health.This paraphrases a warning that cell phone manufacturers include in the small print that is often (1) when a new phone is purcha
22、sed. Apple, (2) , doesnt want iPhones to come closer to you than 1.5 centimeters; Research In Motion, BlackBerrys manufacturer, (3) 2.5 centimeters.If health issues (4) cell phone use, the implications are huge. According to a recent survey, Americans chat (6) cell phones 2.26 trillion minutes annua
23、lly, which (6) $109 billion for the wireless carriers. Epidemiologists (流行病学家) pointed out that brain cancer is a(n) (7) . Overall, there has not been a(n) (8) in its incidence since cell phones arrived. But the average (9) an increase in brain cancer in the 20-to-29 age group (10) a drop for the ol
24、der population.Most cancers have (11) causes, an expert says, (12) she points to laboratory research that suggests low-energy radiation could damage cells that could possibly lead to cancer.Besides, children are more (13) to radiation than adults, other scientists point out. Radiation that (14) only
25、 five centimeters into the brain of an adult will reach much deeper into the brains of children because their skulls are thinner and their brains (15) more absorptive fluid.Henry Lai, a research professor at the University of Washington, began laboratory radiation studies in 1980 and found that rats
26、 (16) radio frequency radiation had (17) DNA in their brains.Ms. Davis recommends (18) wired headsets or the phones speaker. Children should text (19) call, she said, and pregnant women should keep phones away from the abdomen (20) （分数：50.00）(1).A. tossed off B. tossed aboutC. tossed aside D. tossed
27、 down（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 固定搭配题。C：tossed aside意为“抛弃，置之不理”，符合句意，故选C。A：tossed off意为“未经思索很快做好”；B：tossed about意为“翻来覆去；辗转反侧”；D：tossed down意为“将随意扔下”，均可以排除。(2).A. for example B. such asC. as a result D. in fact（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 语篇理解题。因为上面提到了手机生产商会在附属细则中提醒大家，所以下面提到著名手机生产商Apple，作者意在举例说明，因此应该选A：for exa
28、mple。B：such as虽然也是表示举例，但是一般跟在名词或动名词后面；C：as a result意为“因此，结果，所以”，表示结果；D：in fact意为“实际上，事实上”，以上三项从意思和用法上都不符合要求，故排除。(3).A. intends B. offersC. shows D. recommends（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 动词辨析题。此处是接上句内容，举了第二个例子，黑莓公司建议的距离是2.5厘米。D：recommends意为“推荐，建议”，可以作及物动词，后面直接接名词作宾语，故选D。A：intends表示“打算，想要”，用法为intend to do
29、sth或者intend doing sth. ；B：offers意为“提议，提供”，可以跟双宾语；C：shows意为“显示；说明”，上述三项均和文章意思不符，故排除。(4).A. result in B. arise fromC. derive from D. account for（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 动词短语辨析题。这篇文章主要说明手机使用对健康所造成的影响，因此，此句应该表明因果关系，B：arise from意为“起因于，由引起”，符合文意，故选B。A：result in意为“导致，结果是”，表示前因后果，因此放在此处会使句意颠倒，故排除；C：derive fro
30、m表示“起源于，从获得”，强调源头，故排除；D：account for表示“解释，说明”，也可以引申为“导致”，因果关系倒置，故排除。(5).A. on B. in C. from D. at（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 介词辨析题。A：on与the phone构成固定搭配，意为“打电话，通电话”，故为正确答案。(6).A. emerges B. arisesC. generates D. arouses（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 动词辨析题。C：generates在此为动词，表示“生成，产生”，符合文意，故C为答案。A：emerges意为“出现”，是不及物动
31、词，故排除；B：arises意为“出现”，用法同emerge，故排除；D：arouses意为“激发，引起”，与文意不符，故排除。(7).A. issue B. concernC. certainty D. accident（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 名词辨析题。B：concern意为“关心的事，担心的事”，符合文意，故选B。A：issue意为“问题”，范围比较广，并不能表现出此文中对于健康问题的担忧，故排除；C：certainty意为“确定的事情”，从文章前后可以看出，人们对于手机有可能造成的健康问题并没有形成确定的意见，不符合文意，故排除；D：accident意为“意外，事
32、故”，不符合文意，故排除。(8).A. raise B. decreaseC. add D. rise（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 名词辨析题。根据后面的but判断，此处前后是转折关系，后面句子中有个，increase，因此前面说的应该是没有增长，所以这里应该是表示增长意思的单词。D：rise作名词时，表示“增长，上升”，符合文意，故为正确答案。A：raise作为名词，表示“加薪”，不符合文意，故排除；B：decrease作名词时，意为“下降”，不符合此处的逻辑关系，故排除；C：add作名词时意为“加法”，作动词时，才表示“增加”，故排除。(9).A. masks B. con
33、cealsC. disguises D. hides（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 动词辨析题。A：masks在此为动词，表示“掩饰，遮盖”，符合文意，故选A。B：conceals意为“隐瞒，隐藏”，通常指的是“主观故意隐瞒”；C：disguises意为“伪装，掩饰”；D：hides意为“隐藏”，均可以排除。(10).A. when B. thoughC. while D. however（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 语篇衔接题。根据后面的单词drop可以判断，前后两个分句应该是转折关系，因此答案为C：while，意为“然而，相反的是”。A：when表示“与此同时
34、”，与本句的逻辑关系不符；B：though是一个从属连词，表示“虽然”，应该用来引导前面那个分句；D：however是副词，不能放在两个句子之间进行连接，故上述三个选项均可排除。(11).A. plentiful B. multipleC. versatile D. abundant（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 形容词辨析题。B：multiple是形容词，意为“多样的，许多的”，符合文意，故选B。A：plentiful意为“丰富的，富饶的”，强调丰富性；C：versatile意为“多才多艺的，万能的”；D：abundant是plentiful的同义词，强调丰富性，不能和caus
35、e搭配，故以上三项均可排除。(12).A. or B. butC. and D. otherwise（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 语篇衔接题。B：but符合此处的逻辑关系，故为正确答案。A：or表示选择，与此处的逻辑关系相悖，故排除；C：and表示承接，故排除；D：otherwise表示“否则，要不然”，与文意不符，故排除。(13).A. supposed B. boundC. superior D. vulnerable（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 形容词辨析题。选项中的单词都可以与to构成固定搭配。D：vulnerable的固定搭配为be vulnerabl
36、e to，意为“易受到攻击的，易受到影响的”，符合文意，故选D。A：supposed的常用搭配为be supposed to，意为“应该，被期望”；B：bound的常用搭配为be bound to，意为“必然，一定要”；C：superior的常用搭配为be superior to，意为“优越于；不屈服于”，均可以排除。(14).A. penetrates B. passesC. pierces D. fills（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 动词辨析题。A：penetrates意为“渗透，穿透”，符合文意，故选A。B：passes意为“通过”；C：pierces意为“刺穿；穿孔”
37、；D：fills意为“填充，充满”，均可以排除。(15).A. contain B. ownC. exist D. produce（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 动词辨析题。A：contain意为“包含，容纳”，符合文意，故选A。B：own强调“拥有”；C：exist意为“存在”，强调“部分”存在于“整体”；D：produce意为“产生”，强调产生的过程，均可以排除。(16).A. exposed toB. discovered byC. experimented byD. absorbed by（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 动词短语辨析题。根据后面句子中的rad
38、iation可以判断，这些实验白鼠应该是接触到辐射。be exposed to意为“暴露在，接触到”，故选A：exposed to。B：discovered by意为“被发现”，故排除；C：experimented by意为“被做试验”，意思表达太空泛，不如be exposed to具体，故排除；D：absorbed by意为“被吸收”，它可以和radiation搭配，但与文意不符，故排除。(17).A. mined B. damagedC. wrecked D. violated（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 动词辨析题。四个选项中只有B：damaged符合文意，故选B。A：r
39、uined意为“被毁灭的”，通常指的是国家、机构或者感情等被毁灭；C：wrecked意为“失事的”，通常指“灾难”；D：violated意为“违反的，侵犯的”，通常指违反规则或规定，上述三项均可以排除。(18).A. using B. to useC. use D. to using（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 语法题。recommend后面直接接名词或动词的-ing形式，故选A。(19).A. as well as B. in contrast toC. instead of D. rather than（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 连词辨析题。因为整篇文章都
40、在讲述使用手机对于人们，尤其是青少年产生的负面影响，因此，作者对于“打电话”(call)的态度应该是否定的。选项中表示否定的只有C：instead of和D：rather than。instead of的用法是instead of sth. 或instead of doing sth. ，因此不能用在动词call的前面，而rather than后可直接加动词原形，故D为正确答案。A：as well as意为“和；除之外”；B：in contrast to意为“和形成对比”，均可排除。(20).A. automatically B. intentionallyC. consciously D.
41、immediately（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 副词辨析题。C：consciously意为“自觉地，有意识地”，符合句意，故选C。A：automatically意为“无意识地；不假思索地”；B：intentionally意为“故意地”；D：immediately意为“立即，马上”，均可以排除。Linguistic researchers have gradually come to understand how and why so many teenagers sound like Dizzee Rascal, a rapper from Bow in east Lond
42、on. They call this (1) , changing argot (俚语) Multicultural London English (MLE).When MLE first (2) , linguists believed it was a ham version of the way West Indians speak English. In the early 1980s West Indians who had spoken Cockney suddenly started to speak (3) , explains Paul Kerswill of York Un
43、iversity. Young Afro-Caribbean men (4) have adopted a new style of speech as they sought to forge a(n) (5) in an often hostile society. Others were thought to have (6) them.But (7) being cod-Jamaican, MLE is now thought to be a hybrid (混合的) (8) that emerged from the mixing of West Indians, South Asi
44、ans and speakers of Cockney and Estuary English.Researchers have found that MLE (9) from place to place. Variants have emerged in (10) cities with many immigrants, such as Birmingham and Manchester. Children tend to (11) MLE at secondary school. It is more commonand more strongly accentedamong boys
45、(12) among girls. The grammar that tends to (13) MLE is increasingly uniform: for example the use of we wasnt (14) place of we werent.Linguists are most excited by (15) MLE is doing to the rhythm of speech. English is usually spoken with a stress-timed rhythm, in which syllables are stressed at regular (16) Speakers of MLE speak with a syllable-timed rhythm, in which all syllables are (17) roughly the same time and stress, as in French or Japanese. Syllable-timed speech is a (18) of languages that have come into contact (19) other languages. Versions of it may have (20) in multicultural pla
