1、PUBLICLY AVAILABLE SPECIFICATION PAS 54:2003 Specification for domestic ceramicware and glassware Articles intended for contact with foodstuffs, and vases ICS 67.250; 81.040.30; 81.060.20 PAS 54:2003 This Publicly Available Specification comes into effect on 28 November 2003 BSI 28 November 2003 ISB
2、N 0 580 42893 1 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsPAS 54:2003 BSI 28 November 2003 i Contents Page Foreword ii 1S c o p e 1 2 Normative references 1 3T e r m s a n d d e f i n i t i o n s 2 4 Requirements 5 5 Specific application requirements 7 6 Conformity marking 8 Bibliogr
3、aphy 9 Table 1 Water absorption requirements for other ceramicware 7PAS 54:2003 ii BSI 28 November 2003 Foreword This Publicly Available Specification, PAS 54:2003, has been prepared by BSI to provide an interim specification for ceramic tableware and glassware. It is not intended to be applicable t
4、o articles that are designed primarily for ornamental uses. This PAS specifies important safety requirements relating to the release of metals from ceramic tableware and glassware in contact with foodstuffs, in accordance with legislative requirements, i.e. The Ceramic Ware (Safety) Regulations 1988
5、, SI 1988 no. 1647. This PAS also specifies other important requirements relevant to ceramic tableware and glassware for home and domestic use. This specification is not intended to restrict new developments in design and materials. This PAS is not to be regarded as a British Standard. It will be wi
6、thdrawn upon publication of its content in, or as, a British Standard. Acknowledgement is given to the following organisations that were consulted in the development of this specification. BSI Product Services CERAM Research Limited A consortium of British retailers, manufacturers, multiples and imp
7、orters. This PAS has been prepared and published by BSI, which retains its ownership and copyright. BSI reserves the right to withdraw or amend this PAS on receipt of authoritative advice that it is appropriate to do so. This PAS will be reviewed at intervals not exceeding two years, and any amendme
8、nts arising from the review will be published as an amended PAS and publicized in Update Standards. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a Publicly Available Specification does not
9、in itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 9 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.PAS 54:2003 BSI 28 November
10、2003 1 1 Scope This PAS specifies requirements for ceramicware and glassware intended primarily for home and domestic use. This PAS acts as an umbrella PAS, referring to a variety of standards on ceramicware and glassware. It covers the following: requirements for ceramicware, glassware and glass ce
11、ramicware: chemical composition; integrity of handle attachments; resistance to impact breakage in service; thermal shock endurance; metal marking; performance of vessels for pouring; handle and knob temperature; stability; water retention; metal release; metal release: lip/rim test. additional requ
12、irements for ceramicware: water absorption; crazing resistance; translucency. additional requirements for glassware: durability hand washing; temper level. additional requirements for special applications: microwave usage; resistance to freezing and freezer to oven usage; freezer to microwave usage;
13、 dishwasher usage (durability); conformity marking. NOTE This specification is not applicable to vitrified hotelware or corporate ware, for which there is a separate specification, BS 4034. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this docume
14、nt. For dated references only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ASTM C 148 1) , Standard test methods for polariscopic examination of glass containers. ASTM C 927-80 1) , Standard test method for lead
15、and cadmium extracted from the lip and rim area of glass tumblers externally decorated with ceramic glass enamels. BS 3828, Specification for crystal glass. BS 5416, Specification for china tableware. BS 6748, Specification for limits of metal release from ceramicware, glassware, glass ceramicware a
16、nd vitreous enamel ware. (Derived from EEC Directive 84/500/EEC.) 1) Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, USA 19428-2959, http:/www.astm.org.PAS 54:2003 2 BSI 28 November 2003 BS EN 1183, Materials and articles in contact with foodst
17、uffs Test methods for thermal shock and thermal shock endurance. BS EN 1217, Materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs Test methods for water absorption of ceramic articles. BS EN 12980, Materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs Non-metallic articles for catering and industrial use M
18、ethod of test for the determination of impact resistance. BS EN 13258, Materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs Test methods for crazing resistance of ceramic articles. BS EN 12875-2, Mechanical dishwashing resistance of domestic utensils Part 2: Inspection of non-metallic articles. CERAM P
19、T32 2) , Modification of BS EN 12980 for handle strength. CERAM PT34 2) , Determination of the resistance of ceramic and glass to microwave heating. CERAM PT35 2) , Tabletop testing. CERAM PT36 2) , Determination of the resistance of ceramic and glass to freezing and freezer to oven usage. CERAM PT3
20、7 2) , Determination of the resistance of ceramic and glass to freezer to microwave usage. CERAM BCRL WW1 2)3) , Test method for static immersion for the determination of the resistance of decorated ware to alkaline detergent attack. European Community Regulation no. 679/72, Customs classification o
21、f products to be allied to porcelain; “Vitreous china” or “Semi-vitreous china” type. 4) European Commission Combined Nomenclature 2003 Codes 6911, 6912 and 6913. 4) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this PAS, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 Ceramic 3.1.1 ceramic inorganic n
22、on-metallic material made by firing a mixture of raw materials at high temperature. The firing temperature is high enough to give the necessary strength to the article which is already shaped, but lower than the temperature which is necessary to achieve complete fusion of the mixture BS EN 1900:1998
23、, definition 3.3.1 3.1.2 glaze substance resulting from the melting or sintering of inorganic constituents and designed to form a surface layer which is fused, in one or more coats, and the firing temperature of which is higher than 500 C NOTE Glazes can be opaque or transparent. BS EN 1900:1998, de
24、finition 3.5 2) Contact CERAM Research Ltd, Queens Road, Penkhull, Stoke-on-Trent, ST4 7LQ, United Kingdom. Tel: +44 (0) 1782 764444, Fax: +44 (0) 1782 412331, e-mail: . 3) CERAM BCRL WW1 is to be replaced by EN 12875-4, which is currently under development. 4) Available from The Stationery Office,
25、Customer Services, PO Box 29, Norwich, NR3 1GN, United Kingdom. Tel: +44 (0) 870 60 05 522, Fax: +44 (0) 870 60 05 533, e-mail: book.orderstheso.co.uk, website: http:/www.tso.co.uk. PAS 54:2003 BSI 28 November 2003 3 3.1.3 china; porcelain glazed ceramic material, vitrified, impervious, white (or ar
26、tificially coloured), translucent and resonant. The water absorption of the body is less than 0.5 % (determined according to method A of BS EN 1217). China or porcelain is made generally from kaolin (or other china clays), silica, feldspar or felspathic fluxes and sometimes calcium carbonate or alum
27、ina BS EN 1900:1998, definition 3.3.4 3.1.3.1 bone china bone china is a particular type of china containing at least 35 % by mass of the fired body of tricalcium orthophosphate which can be introduced in the form of bone ash BS EN 1900:1998, definition 3.3.4 3.1.3.2 hard-paste porcelain china made
28、from a body composed of kaolin, quartz, feldspar and sometimes calcium carbonate NOTE After an initial low temperature firing, it is normally covered with a colourless transparent glaze fired at the same time as the body and thus fused together with it. 3.1.3.3 soft-paste porcelain china usually con
29、taining less alumina but more silica and fluxes than hard-paste porcelain NOTE After an initial high temperature firing to produce a vitreous biscuit piece, it is normally covered with a colourless transparent glaze and then fired at a lower temperature to mature the glaze. 3.1.3.4 biscuit porcelain
30、 unglazed porcelain 3.1.3.5 parian ware fine-grained unglazed porcelain containing more feldspar than hard porcelain NOTE Parian ware often resembles Paros marble in appearance. 3.1.3.6 vitreous china glazed ceramic bodies vitrified, impervious, white (or artificially coloured), slightly translucent
31、, made of clays, silica, feldspar and sometimes alumina. The water absorption of the body is less than 0.5 % (determined according to BS EN 1217) Adapted from BS EN 1900:1998, definition 3.3.5 3.1.4 stoneware glazed ceramic material, partially vitrified, impervious, generally naturally coloured, har
32、d and opaque. Its body is generally made of clays, silica and flux. The water absorption of the body is less than 3 % (determined according to BS EN 1217) Adapted from BS EN 1900:1998, definition 3.3.6PAS 54:2003 4 BSI 28 November 2003 3.1.5 earthenware glazed ceramic material of low vitrification,
33、white to cream (or artificially coloured), opaque, with a porous and fine texture. The different elements of the body (grains, pores) are 0.15 mm or less and therefore not visible to the naked eye. Its body is generally made of clays, silica, feldspar or feldspathic fluxes and/or calcium carbonate.
34、The water absorption of the body is greater than 3 % (determined according to BS EN 1217) Adapted from BS EN 1900:1998, definition 3.3.7 3.2 Glass 3.2.1 glass inorganic non-metallic material produced by the complete fusion of a mixture of raw materials at high temperature into a homogeneous liquid w
35、hich is then cooled to a rigid condition essentially without crystallisation 3.2.2 soda-lime-silicate glass glass in which the main constituents are silica, sodium oxide and calcium oxide BS EN 1900:1998, definition 3.1.2 3.2.3 crystal glass 1) silicate glass with an oxide content of 10 % by mass or
36、 more of the following: zinc oxide, barium oxide, lead oxide, and/or potassium oxide; 2) silicate glass containing barium oxide, lead oxide and potassium oxide; one of these oxides or the sum of all the oxides being 10 % by mass or more BS EN 1900:1998, definition 3.1.3 3.2.4 lead crystal glass sili
37、cate glass containing 24 % by mass or more of lead oxide BS EN 1900:1998, definition 3.1.4 3.2.5 full lead crystal glass silicate glass containing 30 % by mass or more of lead oxide BS EN 1900:1998, definition 3.1.5 3.2.6 borosilicate glass thermal shock resistant glass containing usually about 10 %
38、 by mass of boron oxide BS EN 1900:1998, definition 3.1.6 3.3 glass ceramic inorganic non-metallic material, produced by the complete fusion of a mixture of raw materials at high temperature, into a homogeneous liquid which is then cooled into a rigid material and heat treated to achieve a certain d
39、egree of crystallisation, mainly sub-microscopic small crystallites BS EN 1900:1998, definition 3.2 3.4 flatware articles having an internal depth of 25 mm or less 3.5 holloware articles having an internal depth of more than 25 mm NOTE Small holloware has a capacity less than 1.1 litres and large ho
40、lloware has a capacity of 1.1 litres or more.PAS 54:2003 BSI 28 November 2003 5 3.6 water absorption capacity of a ceramic body to absorb water 3.7 thermal shock endurance, %t 50 value for the resistance against sudden change in temperature corresponding to the temperature difference at which, for t
41、he first time, 50 % of the samples fail BS EN 1183:1997, definition 2.2 3.8 translucency ability of a ceramic body to transmit a proportion of the light incident upon it 3.9 crazing formation of very fine cracks in the glaze caused by either moisture expansion of the body or thermal stress which cre
42、ates sufficient tension in the glaze to cause it to craze 3.10 temper level (number) relative evaluation of the annealing process of glassware as determined using polaroscopic examination 4 Requirements 4.1 Ceramicware, glassware and glass ceramicware 4.1.1 Chemical composition 4.1.1.1 Bone china Bo
43、ne china shall contain at least 35 % by mass of the fired body of tricalcium orthophosphate. 4.1.1.2 Crystal glassware Crystal glassware shall conform to the requirements of BS 3828. 4.1.2 Integrity of handle attachments When tested in accordance with CERAM PT32 the failure shall not be at the handl
44、e/body interface. 4.1.3 Resistance to impact breakage in service 4.1.3.1 Rim tests When holloware, consisting of cups, mugs, ovenware or vases, is impact tested at the rim in accordance with BS EN 12980, the impact energy to produce failure shall be not less than 0.05 J (0.04 ft lbf). When flatware
45、is subjected to the impact test at the rim in accordance with BS EN 12980, the impact energy to produce failure shall be not less than 0.05 J (0.04 ft lbf). 4.1.3.2 Handle strength When tested in accordance with CERAM PT32 the average impact energy to produce handle failure shall not be less than 0.
46、05 J (0.04 ft lbf). 4.1.4 Thermal shock endurance, %t 50 4.1.4.1 Ovenware When tested in accordance with BS EN 1183, articles that are designated “ovenware”, “oven-proof”, “oven-safe”, “oven to table ware” or any other similar description which suggests that the articles can be safely used in an ove
47、n, shall have a thermal shock endurance, %t 50 , of not less than 150 C.PAS 54:2003 6 BSI 28 November 2003 4.1.4.2 Cups, mugs, teapots and coffee pots When tested in accordance with BS EN 1183, cups, mugs, teapots and coffee pots or any articles that are designed to have hot liquids poured into them
48、 shall have a thermal shock endurance, %t 50 , of not less than 90 C. 4.1.5 Metal marking NOTE It is intended that the resistance to metal marking shall be included as a performance criterion for ceramicware, glassware and glass ceramicware. However, until such time that a suitable analytical method
49、 has been developed for the determination of this property, it is considered that such a performance criterion should be excluded from this specification. 4.1.6 Performance of articles designed for pouring liquids 4.1.6.1 Lid security When tested in accordance with CERAM PT35, the lids of lidded vessels intended for pouring liquids shall not separate from the body at an angle of 90. 4.1.6.
