1、Natural stones Guidance for use of natural stones PD CEN/TR 17024:2017 BSI Standards Publication WB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06National foreword This Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TR 17024:2017. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to T
2、echnical Committee B/545, Natural stone. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standard
3、s Institution 2017. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017 ISBN 978 0 580 94189 4 ICS 91.100.15 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 20
4、17. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Text affected PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD CEN/TR 17024:2017 TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 17024 January 2017 ICS 91.100.15 English Version Natural stones - Guidance for use of natural stones Pierres naturelles - Guide
5、demploi des pierres naturelles Naturstein - Leitfaden fr die Anwendung von Natursteinen This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 13 September 2016. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 246. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cy
6、prus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
7、United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No.
8、 CEN/TR 17024:2017 E PD CEN/TR 17024:2017CEN/TR 17024:2017 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 3 Introduction 4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions . 6 4 General specifications . 7 4.1 General principles . 7 4.2 Characterization tests 10 4.2.1 Origin of the stone 10 4.2.2
9、Petrographic analysis . 10 4.2.3 Visual characteristics: reference sample 10 4.2.4 Apparent density 11 4.2.5 Open porosity 11 4.2.6 Water absorption . 12 4.2.7 Determination of uniaxial compressive strength. 13 4.2.8 Determination of flexural strength . 13 4.2.9 Modulus of elasticity . 14 4.2.10 Sou
10、nd speed propagation 14 4.2.11 Thermal expansion coefficient 14 4.3 Tests relating to performance in use 15 4.3.1 Resistance to breaking load at dowel hole . 15 4.3.2 Rupture energy . 15 4.3.3 Sensitivity to staining . 15 4.3.4 Slip resistance . 16 4.4 Durability tests 17 4.4.1 Frost resistance. 17
11、4.4.2 Determination of abrasion resistance 18 4.5 Dimensional tolerances - Corresponding standards . 19 4.6 Suitability for the intended use . 19 5 Delivery acceptance 22 5.1 Conditions of delivery acceptance . 22 5.1.1 General . 22 5.1.2 Objective of the delivery acceptance process 23 5.1.3 Locatio
12、n . 23 5.1.4 Date . 23 5.1.5 Staff and equipment for delivery acceptance 23 5.2 Proceedings of delivery acceptance process 23 5.2.1 General . 23 5.2.2 Evaluation of the delivered quantity. 23 5.2.3 Sampling 23 5.2.4 Testing of the materials nature 24 5.2.5 Testing of geometric characteristics . 24 5
13、.2.6 Testing of declared performance characteristics. 25 6 Dealing with visual and dimensional non conformities. 25 PD CEN/TR 17024:2017CEN/TR 17024:2017 (E) 3 European foreword This document (CEN/TR 17024:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 246 “Natural stones”, the secretariat of
14、 which is held by UNI. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. PD CEN/TR 17024:2017CEN/TR 17024:2017 (E) 4 Introduction Product standards for
15、 natural stone are issued by the European committee for standardization and deal with stone masonry, tiles and slabs for cladding, flooring and stairs. Producers in countries outside the European Union might not be familiar with these product standards. Therefore, the scope of this document is to in
16、form and assist the user in order to provide recommendations for the proper use of natural stone and the requirements of the product standards regulating their being placed on the market within the countries comprising the European Union. PD CEN/TR 17024:2017CEN/TR 17024:2017 (E) 5 1 Scope This Tech
17、nical Report applies to natural stone products intended for masonry elements, wall coverings (including tiles), internal floor and stair finishes (including tiles) and exterior floor and stair finishes (including paving), as well as massive stone elements. It provides guidance for the application an
18、d use of natural stone products in accordance with European product standards. This Technical Report does not deal with coatings or staining problems, and does not take into account treatments that could modify the performance characteristics of the materials. This Technical Report does not apply to
19、 agglomerated stones and aggregates. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the ref
20、erenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 771-6, Specification for masonry units Part 6: Natural stone masonry units EN 772-1, Test methods for masonry units Part 1: Determination of compressive strength EN 772-11, Methods of test for masonry units - Part 11: Determination of water abs
21、orption of aggregate concrete, autoclaved aerated concrete, manufactured stone and natural stone masonry units due to capillary action and the initial rate of water absorption of clay masonry units EN 1341, Slabs of natural stone for external paving - Requirements and test methods EN 1342, Setts of
22、natural stone for external paving - Requirements and test methods EN 1343, Kerbs of natural stone for external paving - Requirements and test methods EN 1467, Natural stone - Rough blocks - Requirements EN 1468, Natural stone - Rough slabs - Requirements EN 1469, Natural stone products - Slabs for c
23、ladding - Requirements EN 1925, Natural stone test methods - Determination of water absorption coefficient by capillarity EN 1926, Natural stone test methods - Determination of uniaxial compressive strength EN 1936, Natural stone test methods - Determination of real density and apparent density, and
24、 of total and open porosity EN 12057, Natural stone products - Modular tiles - Requirements EN 12058, Natural stone products - Slabs for floors and stairs - Requirements EN 12059, Natural stone Finished products, dimensional stone work Requirements EN 12371, Natural stone test methods - Determinatio
25、n of frost resistance EN 12372, Natural stone test methods - Determination of flexural strength under concentrated load PD CEN/TR 17024:2017CEN/TR 17024:2017 (E) 6 EN 12407, Natural stone test methods - Petrographic examination EN 12440, Natural stone - Denomination criteria EN 12670, Natural stone
26、- Terminology EN 13364, Natural stone test methods - Determination of the breaking load at dowel hole EN 13373, Natural stone test methods - Determination of geometric characteristics on units EN 13755, Natural stone test methods - Determination of water absorption at atmospheric pressure EN 14066,
27、Natural stone test methods - Determination of resistance to ageing by thermal shock EN 14146, Natural stone test methods - Determination of the dynamic modulus of elasticity (by measuring the fundamental resonance frequency) EN 14157, Natural stone test methods - Determination of the abrasion resist
28、ance EN 14158, Natural stone test methods - Determination of rupture energy EN 14579, Natural stone test methods - Determination of sound speed propagation EN 14581, Natural stone test methods - Determination of linear thermal expansion coefficient EN 16140, Natural stone test methods - Determinatio
29、n of sensitivity to changes in appearance produced by thermal cycles EN 16306, Natural stone test methods - Determination of resistance of marble to thermal and moisture cycles CEN/TS 16165, Determination of slip resistance of pedestrian surfaces - Methods of evaluation 3 Terms and definitions For t
30、he purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 order all products to be delivered on the basis of the contract 3.2 order item one of a set of products corresponding to one single order 3.3 contractual sample reference sample which forms part of the contract PD CEN/TR 17
31、024:2017CEN/TR 17024:2017 (E) 7 3.4 delivery part or all of the order arriving at the same time and at the same place, and giving rise to a delivery order Note 1 to entry: In addition to the requirements of CE marking, the documents accompanying the delivery shall state the following: reference of t
32、he order; name and address of the supplier; nature and type of the delivered order items; date of collection and place of delivery; total weight of the load; quantity of delivered order items; weight of materials packaged in bulk (per packaging unit). 3.5 delivery acceptance series of operations to
33、verify compliance of the delivery with the contract specification (quantity, tolerance specifications, appearance, mechanical properties, contractual samples, etc.) 3.6 packaging unit term that designates for instance a pallet, a crate, a bag, a box Note 1 to entry: Each packaging unit shall carry a
34、 marking or label allowing the identification of the batch to which it derives. 3.7 batch set of packaging units containing one order item in one delivery Note 1 to entry: A batch necessarily corresponds to a single characterization sheet. Note 2 to entry: A delivery may include one or several batch
35、es. 4 General specifications 4.1 General principles To assess whether a stone type is suitable for a particular application, a specific testing program is described as mentioned in Table 1. Table 1 contains a detailed overview of the most useful tests, in particular: characterization tests (or ident
36、ification tests): they are used to determine the intrinsic material properties, independent of its transformation into a finished product and the environment in which it will be used; tests relating to performance in use: these tests evaluate the performance of the finished product after manufacturi
37、ng. Therefore, these tests should as nearly as possible reproduce the physical PD CEN/TR 17024:2017CEN/TR 17024:2017 (E) 8 forces and effects of weathering and contamination that act upon the element in service (taking into account dimensions and surface conditions); durability tests: these tests ar
38、e used to analyse the behaviour of the stone over time and thus make it possible to evaluate the stability of the intrinsic material properties and of the initial performance data after a period of time. Additionally it is relevant to consider the performance of the same stone type in existing examp
39、les of its use under similar climatic conditions. Table 1 Examples of stones used in structural applications and related tests Product standard Structural application Test of performance in use Test standard Masonry EN 7716 Element in elevation, with no possibility of splash back Splash course Windo
40、w sill Handrail String course Cornice Pinnacles Gargoyle Massive slab for balcony Plinth Capillarity EN 77211 Frost resistance EN 12371 Compressive strength EN 7721 Wall cladding EN 1469 Internal cladding Mechanically fastened cladding Resistance to breaking at dowel hole EN 13364 Flexural strength
41、EN 12372 (EN 13161) External cladding Mechanically fastened cladding Elevation String course Balcony sill Window sill Plinth Horizontal covering Frost resistance EN 12371 Resistance to breaking at dowel hole EN 13364 Flexural strength EN 12372 (EN 13161) Resistance of marble to thermal and moisture
42、cycles EN 16306 Thermal shock resistance EN 14066 PD CEN/TR 17024:2017CEN/TR 17024:2017 (E) 9 Wall cladding EN 1469 EN 12057 EN 12059 Internal cladding Glued cladding Apparent density Open porosity EN 1936 External cladding Glued cladding and tiling Elevation String course Balcony sill Window sill P
43、linth Horizontal covering Apparent density Open porosity EN 1936 Frost resistance EN 12371 Thermal shock resistance EN 14066 Floor covering EN 12058 EN 12057 Interior floors and stairs Abrasion resistance EN 14157 Flexural strength EN 12372 (EN 13161) Exterior floors and stairs Abrasion resistance E
44、N 14157 Slip resistance CEN/TS 16165 Flexural strength EN 12372 (EN 13161) Frost resistance EN 12371 External Paving EN 1341 Slabs Abrasion resistance EN 14157 Flexural strength EN 12372 (EN 13161) Slip and skip resistance EN 14231 Frost resistance EN 12371 EN 1342 Setts Abrasion resistance EN 14157
45、 Compressive strength EN 1926 Slip and skid resistance EN 14231 Frost resistance EN 12371 EN 1343 Kerbs Abrasion resistance EN 14157 Flexural strength EN 12372 Frost resistance EN 12371 PD CEN/TR 17024:2017CEN/TR 17024:2017 (E) 10 4.2 Characterization tests 4.2.1 Origin of the stone The part of the
46、characterization record/sheet reserved to the origin of the stone shall mention, according to EN 12440: the name and the address of the supplier of the stone product; the commercial name of the stone; the petrographic nature of the stone according to the standards EN 12407 and EN 12670; the place of
47、 origin (as precise as possible, e.g. country, city, GPS data); the macroscopic description of the appearance (colour, texture, etc.). 4.2.2 Petrographic analysis Petrographic characterization (see EN 12407) allows the determination of the mineralogical composition of the natural stone. Based on thi
48、s information, the correct geological name of the stone can be deduced. According to EN 12440, the name of the stone should state the place of origin, the (geological) type and the colour of the stone. In this context, correct petrographic identification of the stone is important and should prevent
49、the use of misleading names. Besides these geological features, a petrographic analysis can also provide useful information concerning the sensitivity of stone in specific conditions (micro cracking, formation of expansive minerals, oxidation of metallic minerals, etc.). 4.2.3 Visual characteristics: reference sample Stone is a natural material; its colour, veining and texture can vary. Therefore, the general visual characteristics should be defined by means of a reference sample. A reference sample shall comprise an adequate numbe
