1、Guide to Portland Cement-Based PlasterReported by ACI Committee 524ACI 524R-16First PrintingMarch 2016ISBN: 978-1-942727-71-2Guide to Portland Cement-Based PlasterCopyright by the American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or copied, i
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11、oncrete Institute38800 Country Club DriveFarmington Hills, MI 48331Phone: +1.248.848.3700Fax: +1.248.848.3701www.concrete.orgThis guide provides information on the plastering process, including prequalification of materials, plaster tool and equipment suggestions, mixture proportions, application pr
12、ocedures, finish types, and troubleshooting and repair. This guide is intended for architects, engineers, designers, specification writers, contractors, plasterers, laboratory personnel, and public authorities. Portland cement-based plastering processes and properties differ in many ways from those
13、used in the concrete trade. The equipment used to mix plaster, the methods of curing, preparation of substrates, mixture design components, material application, finishing tech-niques, and methods of controlling cracking are only applicable to plaster and are not appropriate for concrete. Likewise,
14、litera-ture specific to concrete trade practice should not be assumed exchangeable or applicable to common plastering trade practice. Differences in plastering terminology are of key importance and, therefore, an extensive list of them is provided in this guide.Keywords: base; bonding agents; brown
15、coat; cracking; finish coat; fresh plaster; furring; hardened plaster; scratch coat; sheathing; stucco; texture.CONTENTSCHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE, p. 21.1Introduction, p. 21.2Scope, p. 2CHAPTER 2DEFINITIONS, p. 3CHAPTER 3DESIRABLE PROPERTIES OF PORTLAND CEMENT-BASED PLASTER, p. 63.1Fresh plast
16、er, p. 63.2Hardened plaster, p. 6CHAPTER 4PORTLAND CEMENT-BASED PLASTER MATERIALS, p. 74.1General, p. 74.2Cements, p. 74.3Lime, p. 74.4Aggregates, p. 74.5Water, p. 84.6Admixtures, p. 84.7Fibers, p. 84.8Bonding agents, p. 84.9Polymers, p. 9CHAPTER 5DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR PLASTER BASES, p. 95.1Gene
17、ral, p. 95.2Ceilings, p. 95.3Spacing considerations for supports, p. 95.4Sheathing, p. 95.5Stress relief, p. 95.6Design considerations for reduction of water intru-sion, p. 125.7Plaster sustainability, p. 13Timothy S. Folks, ChairACI 524R-16Guide to Portland Cement-Based PlasterReported by ACI Commi
18、ttee 524Andrew J. BoydPaul W. BrownBoyd A. ClarkDavid A. CrockerJonathan E. DongellRandy DukesJames A. FarnyRussell T. FlynnGregory C. GarrettDamian I. KachlakevJeffrey M. KohlhasChristopher Kerry LittleMichael M. LogueMark R. LukkarilaFrank E. NunesRobert C. ONeillPaul H. OwenDavid A. RothsteinLarr
19、y RowlandKim A. SkinnerTerry J. WillemsConsulting MembersRobert DruryJohn M. MelanderEdward K. RiceClaude B. Trusty Jr.Dean J. White IIACI Committee Reports, Guides, and Commentaries are intended for guidance in planning, designing, executing, and inspecting construction. This document is intended f
20、or the use of individuals who are competent to evaluate the significance and limitations of its content and recommendations and who will accept responsibility for the application of the material it contains. The American Concrete Institute disclaims any and all responsibility for the stated principl
21、es. The Institute shall not be liable for any loss or damage arising therefrom.Reference to this document shall not be made in contract documents. If items found in this document are desired by the Architect/Engineer to be a part of the contract documents, they shall be restated in mandatory languag
22、e for incorporation by the Architect/Engineer.ACI 524R-16 supersedes ACI 524R-08 and was adopted and published February 2016.Copyright 2016, American Concrete Institute.All rights reserved including rights of reproduction and use in any form or by any means, including the making of copies by any pho
23、to process, or by electronic or mechanical device, printed, written, or oral, or recording for sound or visual reproduc-tion or for use in any knowledge or retrieval system or device, unless permission in writing is obtained from the copyright proprietors.1CHAPTER 6METAL LATH PLASTER BASES, p. 146.1
24、Lath, p. 146.2Water-resistive barrier, p. 15CHAPTER 7LATHING ACCESSORIES, p. 157.1General, p. 157.2Outside corner reinforcements, p. 167.3Inside corner accessory, p. 167.4Casing beads, p. 167.5Screeds, p. 177.6Stress-relief joints, p. 18CHAPTER 8METAL LATH INSTALLATION, p. 188.1General, p. 188.2Inst
25、allation of metal lath plaster base, p. 188.3Attachment of metal lath to framework, p. 198.4Attachment of metal lath to solid base, p. 19CHAPTER 9SOLID SUBSTRATE PLASTER BASES, p. 199.1Substrate preparation, p. 199.2Concrete, p. 209.3Concrete masonry, p. 209.4Clay masonry, p. 209.5Surface-applied bo
26、nd coatings, p. 209.6Surface-applied bonding agents, p. 209.7Integrally mixed bonding agents, p. 20CHAPTER 10PROPORTIONING AND MIXING OF PORTLAND CEMENT-BASED PLASTER, p. 2110.1Mixture proportions, p. 2110.2Batching and mixing, p. 21CHAPTER 11APPLICATION OF PORTLAND CEMENT-BASED PLASTER, p. 2311.1Ap
27、proval and acceptance of plaster base, p. 2311.2Plaster application, p. 2311.3Application of coats, p. 23CHAPTER 12PLASTER FINISHES, p. 2512.1General, p. 2512.2Color finishes, p. 2512.3Finish-coat textures, p. 25CHAPTER 13CURING, p. 31CHAPTER 14PAINTS, SEALANTS, AND CAULKING MATERIALS, p. 3214.1Pain
28、ts, p. 3214.2Sealers, p. 3214.3Sealants and caulking, p. 32CHAPTER 15TESTING, p. 3315.1General, p. 3315.2Evaluating materials, p. 3315.3Test methods for evaluating hardened plaster, p. 3315.4Evaluating workmanship, p. 34CHAPTER 16TROUBLESHOOTING AND REPAIR, p. 3416.1General, p. 3416.2Cracking, p. 34
29、16.3Weak plaster, p. 3616.4Debonding and delamination, p. 3616.5Discoloration of plaster, p. 3716.6Long-term deterioration, p. 38CHAPTER 17REFERENCES, p. 39Authored references, p. 40CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE1.1IntroductionPortland cement-based plaster is a versatile and weather-resistant surfa
30、cing material. Portland cement-based plaster can be applied to flat, curved, or rusticated bases made from concrete, clay masonry, concrete masonry, woven or welded-wire mesh, or expanded metal lath. It can be applied by hand or pumped directly from a mixer hopper and sprayed onto a vertical or hori
31、zontal surface. Portland cement-based plaster has a long history of satisfactory performance (Technical Services Information Bureau 2015). Proportions and work-ability of the plaster mixture allow for a variety of shapes, designs, and textures to be created. When plaster hardens, these features are
32、preserved in a rigid, permanent form.Plaster is categorized by the type of cement binder, number of coats, and total thickness. Traditional materials include portland cement and lime, blended cement and lime, masonry cement, or plastic cement mixed with sand and water. Additives to control setting t
33、ime, reduce shrinkage cracking, increase workability, or increase durability can also be present.Portland cement-based plaster is intended to perform as a coating and not as a load-bearing element of the structural system. The terms “stucco” and “portland cement-based plaster” are often used interch
34、angeably in the trade. This guide, however, refers to stucco as plaster that is applied to an exterior surface, and Portland cement-based plaster as plaster that is applied to either an interior or exterior surface.1.2ScopeThis guide provides information and recommends minimum expectations for satis
35、factory lathing and plas-tering. Architects, engineers, designers, specification writers, contractors, plasterers, and public authorities can use this guide to familiarize themselves with the plastering processes and also as an aid in specification writing. Stricter requirements based on long-term s
36、uccessful field service or controlled laboratory experimentation and documentation can be imposed when warranted. This guide also addresses the prequalification of plaster materials, tool and equipment requirements, mixture proportions, application procedures, types of finishes, and troubleshooting
37、and repair.Exterior insulation and finish systems are exterior wall-cladding systems that consist of an insulation board covered with an integrally reinforced base coat and a textured American Concrete Institute Copyrighted Material www.concrete.org2 GUIDE TO PORTLAND CEMENT-BASED PLASTER (ACI 524R-
38、16)protective finish coat. Portland cement may be used in these systems, but their application and suitability are not covered in this guide. Robert (1997) provides useful information on this class of product.The use of one-coat portland cement-based plastering systems and other such proprietary por
39、tland cement-based systems are acknowledged; however, they are beyond the scope of this document, which addresses only tradi-tional two- or three-coat portland cement-based plastering systems. Alternative nontraditional and proprietary port-land cement-based plastering systems are addressed by ICC E
40、valuation Service, Inc. (2006). One-coat systems and other proprietary systems typically rely on a proven performance history within the environment and region in which they are intended to be used. Where required by code, proprietary products can get special approval with a published evalua-tion se
41、rvices report that specifies the installation procedure and allowed locations for its use.Swimming pool plastering is considered an alternative, nontraditional form of portland cement-based plastering in this guide. While many aspects of this guide are relevant to swimming pool plastering, informati
42、on specific to swimming pool plastering can be found in the American National Stan-dard for the Plastering of Pools and Spas (ANSI/APSP/ICC/NCP-12) and in reports by the Portland Cement Association (PCA EB049) and the National Plasterers Council (2011).CHAPTER 2DEFINITIONSACI provides a comprehensiv
43、e list of definitions through an online resource, “ACI Concrete Terminology,” https:/www.concrete.org/store/productdetail.aspx?ItemID=CT13. Definitions provided herein complement that resource.acid etchingpartial removal of a cementitious surface through controlled dissolution to expose sand or aggr
44、egates, roughen a smooth cementitious surface in preparation for cementitious coating material application, or create art or an architectural finish.acid washingcleansing of the plaster surface through controlled dissolution of surface deposits to remove efflores-cence, dirt, or other unwanted stain
45、s.adhesionability of a fresh plaster coat to adhere to a plaster base.arch corner beadcorner bead designed so that it can be job-shaped for use on arches.atomizerdevice that introduces air into plaster during machine-applied plaster placement; can be adjusted at the nozzle of the gun to regulate the
46、 spray pattern, which in turn alters the texture or pattern of the plaster that is sprayed onto the surface.bedding coatthick plaster coat that receives aggregate or other decorative materials that are manually placed or shot into the surface; used to produce exposed aggregate finish or seeding (mar
47、blecrete) finish.blended cementhydraulic cement essentially consisting of portland cement, slag cement, or both, uniformly mixed with each other or a pozzolan through intergrinding or blending.blocking1) method of joining or filling between two intersecting planes of plaster from the base coat plast
48、er or substrate up to the outer surface of the finish coat; or 2) a method of joining, reinforcing, securing, or providing thermal protection between two intersecting planes; fastening a membrane or metal flashing that covers over the space between two intersecting planes.brown coatleveling coat pla
49、ster used as the second coat of plaster in a three-coat application or the entire base coat of plaster in a two-coat application.buckles1) large lifted areas of a plaster coating that failed to properly bond to the substrate or to the plaster undercoat; or 2) raised hollow spots under a plaster, usually visible before rupture by tensile stress cracks within the portion of plaster over the buckle.bullnoseexternal angle that is rounded to eliminate a sharp corner; can be tool-formed during
