1、Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-ASME PTC 12.1 -2000 Revision of ANSVASME PTC 12.1-1978 (R 1987) Closed Feedwater Heaters Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license wit
2、h ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-Date of Issuance: December 29, 2000 This Standard will be revised when the Society approves I the issuance of a new edition. There will be no Addenda issued to ASMEPTC 12.1-2000. Please Note: ASME issues written r
3、eplies to inquiries concerning interpretation of technical aspects of this document. The interpretations are nota part of the document. ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the cri
4、teria for American National Standards. The Standards Committee that approyed the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals from competent and concerned, interests have had an opportunity to participate. The , proposed code or standard was made available for public review and comment w
5、hich provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and the public- at-large. ASME does not “approve,“ “rate,“ or “endorse“ any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity. ASME does not take any position with respect to the vdidity of any p
6、atent rights assefled inconnection with any items mentioned in this document, and does,r$ot undertake to insure anyone Litilizing a standard against liability for infringement of any applicabke letfers patent, nor assume any such: liability. Users of a code or standard are expressly advised that det
7、ermination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Participation by federal agency representative(s)-gr:pirCon(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpre- ted as government or industry endorsement of this io
8、dq or standard. ASME accepts responsibility for only those intwprefidtions of this document issued in accordance with the established ASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals. No part of this document may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic
9、 retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 1001 6-5990 Copyright 0 2000 by THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS All Rights Reserved Printed in U.S.A. Copyright ASME Intern
10、ational Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-FOREWORD The Performance Test Code Committee 12.1 was assembled to review, edit, and update the existing 1978 Code edition. The Code has been extensively revised to comply
11、with the latest requirements in the PTC 1-1991, General Instructions, including the required uncertainty analysis. This Code incorporates a revised calculation procedure, including examples. The calculation method requires iterations and can be performed manually but is best done by using a computer
12、 program. The Code also incorporates an alternative for using ultrasonic flow measurement techniques to test individual or split-string feedwater heaters, when flow nozzles are not available. This edition of the Code provides a relatively simple but accurate method of calculating the performance of
13、a heater utilizing the Code procedure with a minimum knowledge of the design characteristics of the heater. This version was approved by the Board on Performance Test Codes on February 23, 2000 and as an American National Standard by the ANSI Board of Standards Review on May 23, 2000. . Ill Copyrigh
14、t ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-! I NOTICE All Performance Test Codes MUST adhere to the re,quirements of P5C- .l,GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS. The following information is. based on that documeni an
15、d its imluded here for emphasis and for the convenience b(the user of th-is Code. It is expected-that-the Code user is fully cognizant of Parts I and Ilkof PTC 1 and has-.read them.prior to applying this Code. ASME Performance Test Codes provide test procedures which yield.results ofthe highes.t lev
16、el of accuracy consistent with the best engineering knowledge and practice.currently available. They were developed by balanced committees,representing all.concerned inter- ests. They specify procedures, instrumentation;equipmentoperating requirements, caicula- tion methods, and uncertainty analysis
17、. When tests are run in accordance with a Code, the test results themselves, without adjustment for uncertainty, yield the best available indication of the actual performance of the tested equipment. ASME Performance Test Codes do not specify means to compare those results to contractual guarantees.
18、 Therefore, it is recommended that the parties to a commercial test agree before starting the test and preferably before signing the contract. on the method to be used for comparing the test results to the contractbal guarantees. It is beyond the scope of any Code to determine or interpret how such
19、comparisons shall be made. .1 iv Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-PERSONNEL OF PERFORMANCE TEST CODES COMMITTEE NO. 12.1 ON FEEDWATER HEATERS (The following is a roster of the Committe
20、e at the time of approval of this Code.) OFFICERS Nelson Thompson, Chair Mark R. Biar, Vice Chair George Osolsobe, Secretary COMMITTEE PERSONNEL Carl F. Andreone, Consultant Mark R. Biar, EFCO John J. Elder, Levitan and Associates Joseph V. Hoobler, Consultant, Utility Equipment (Struthers Industrie
21、s) Joseph W. Milton, Reliant Energy Jack 1. Stellern, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Nelson Thompson, SEI John 1. Tsou, Consultant Gerald E. Weber, Midwest Generation EME V Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted withou
22、t license from IHS-,-BOARD ON PERFORMANCE TEST CODES I : “ OFFICERS P. M. Gerhart, Chair S. J. Korellis, Vice Chair W. 0. Hays, Secretary COMMITTEE PERSONNEL R. P. Allen R. L. Bannister D. S. Beachler B. Bornstein J. M. Burns A. J. Egli J. R. Friedman G. J. Gerber Y. Goland R. S. Hecklinger T. C. He
23、il D. R. Keyser P. M. McHale J. W. Milton G. H. Mittendorf, Jr. S. P. Nuspl A. L. Plumley HONORARY MEMBERS F. H. Light C. B. Scharp R. R. Priestley 1. Siegrnund J. A. Silvaggio, Jr. W. C. Steele, Jr. J. C. Westcott J. G. Yost Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot fo
24、r ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-CONTENTS . Foreword Ill CommitteeRoster V BoardRoster vi Section 0 Introduction 1 1 Objectandscope 3 2 Definitions and Description of Terms . 5 3 Guiding Principles . 17 5 Computation of Results 33 4 Instruments and Methods o
25、f Measurement 27 6 Report of Results 55 7 References . 57 Figures 3.3.1 Typical DCA and TTD versus Internal Liquid Level . 19 3.8.1 Desuperheating, Condensing, and Drain Cooling Zones . 22 3.8.2 Desuperheating and Condensing Zones . 23 3.8.3 Condensing and Drain Cooling Zones 24 3.8.4 Condensing Zon
26、e 25 3.8.5 External Drain Cooler . 26 4.4.1 Typical Transducer Installation 29 Tables 3.3.1 4.6 5.1.1 5.1.2 5.1.3 5.1.4 5.1.5 5.1.6 Deviation Limits of Parameters 18 Maximum Uncertainty Values 31 Three-Zone Heater . 34 Two-Zone Heater Desuperheating and Condensing . 36 Two-Zone Heater Condensing and
27、 Drain Cooling 38 Condensing Only Heater 40 External Drain Cooler . 42 PTC 12.1 Heater Test Report Form . 44 Nonmandatory Appendices A Basic Heat Transfer Equations . 59 B Heater Performance Calculation Examples . 61 C Uncertainty Considerations . 73 D Principal Quantities and Commonly Used Conversi
28、on Factors In Heat Transfer (SI Units) 81 vii Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-CLOSED FEEDWATER HEATERS ASME PTC 12.1 -2000 0.1 SECTION 0 - INTRODUCTION on the design conditions, the h
29、eat transfer surface For the purposes of this Code, a closed feedwater heater is a power plant component designed to heat a given quantity of feedwater through a specified temperature range. The heating medium is steam or condensate at a specified enthalpy and pressure. In such heaters, the feedwate
30、r and heating medium typically are routed through the tubes and shell, respectively. Feedwater heaters are designed to be configured in one of the following ways: (a) horizontal (b) vertical channel down (c) vertical channel up (d) duplex (two separate tube bundles in a single divided shell) In some
31、 cases, more than one feedwater heater is required for a given feedwater flow and heat source. In such instances, the feedwater heater is divided into two or three parallel heaters which constitute a multiple string arrangement. Depending area within ;he feedwater heater may be configured as follows
32、: (a) desuperheating zone (b) condensing zone (c) drain cooling zone Steam is the heating medium in the condensing and desuperheating zones. Condensate is the heating medium in the drain cooling zone. 0.2 This Code is written in accordance with the PTC-I, General Instructions. PTC-2, Definitions and
33、 Values defines certain technical terms and numerical con- stants which are used in this Code with the signifi- cance and value therein established. The PTC-19 series Supplements on Instruments and Apparatus, covering the instruments prescribed in this Code, should be used for reference. 1 Copyright
34、 ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-CLOSED FEEDWATER HEATERS ASME PTC 12.1 -2000 SECTION 1 - OBJECT AND SCOPE 1.1 OBJECT The object of this Code is to provide the proce- dures, direction, and guid
35、ance for determining the performance of a closed feedwater heater with regard to the following: (a) Terminal Temperature Difference (TTD), which is the difference between the saturation temperature corresponding to the steam inlet pressure and the feed- water outlet temperature; (b) Drain Cooler App
36、roach (DCA), which is the difference between drain outlet temperature and feed- water inlet temperature; (c) tube side (feedwater) pressure loss through the heater; and (d) shell side pressure loss through the desuper- heating zone, and through the drain cooling zone. 1.2 SCOPE This Code applies to
37、all horizontal and vertical heaters except those with partial pass drain cooling zones. Designs with partial pass drain cooling zones are horizontal heaters with submerged drain cooling zones, and vertical channel-up heaters with drain cooling zones. In those designs, only a portion of the feedwater
38、 passes through the drain cooling zones; therefore, there are two feedwater flow streams with different temperature profiles. A feedwater heater is designed to accomplish heat transfer between fluids. The heater design is based on a specific operating condition that includes flow, temperature, and p
39、ressure. This specific condition constitutes the design point that is found on the manufacturers feedwater heater specification sheet. It is not feasible to expect that the test will be conducted at the design point. Therefore, it is neces- sary to predict the heater performance by adjusting the des
40、ign parameters for the test conditions. Meth- ods of calculating the predicted heater performance are presented in the Code. These predicted values shall then be compared to corresponding measured test values. 1.3 UNCERTAINTY This Code provides recommendations on instru- mentation, procedures, and a
41、ccuracies required for data collection. An example of an uncertainty analy- sis is provided in Appendix C. When the recom- mended instrumentation accuracies are employed as described in Section 4, and the method of calcula- tion described in Section 5 is used, the expected total uncertainties in the
42、 test results will be as follows: Difference between predicted TTD and measured TTD: -+0.36“F Difference between predicted DCA and measured DCA: kO.32“F Difference between predicted and measured tube side pressure loss (percent of predicted): -+ 3 . 1 O/O Difference between predicted and measured sh
43、ell side pressure loss through the desuperheating zone (percent of predicted): k2.2% Difference between predicted and measured shell side pressure loss through the drain cooling zone (per- cent of predicted): -+ 1.8% These uncertainties are provided as typical values using the instrumentation accura
44、cies, locations, and techniques recommended by this Code. The uncer- tainties may be reduced through careful placement of alternative or redundant instrumentation. The total uncertainties presented above were calculated using the procedure described in Subsection 5.3. The bias uncertainties were det
45、ermined by the judgment of this committee for a test adhering to the procedures of this Code. A post-test uncertainty analysis is recommended. However, a post-test uncertainty analysis is optional if parties to the test agree that the test adhered to all instrumentation requirements and procedures c
46、ontained in this Code. 3 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-CLOSED FEEDWATER HEATERS ASME PTC 12.1 -2000 SECTION 2 - DEFINITIONS AND DESCRIPTION OF TERMS 2.1 SYMBOLS Units us. Symbol Ter
47、m Description Customary SI A, Drain cooling zone or Based on outside of tubes in drain sq ft m2 external drain cooler cooling zone or external drain heat transfer surface area cooler (effective surface only), pro- (design) vided by heater designer A2 Condensing zone heat Based on outside of tubes in
48、 con- transfer surface area densing zone (effective surface (design) only), provided by heater designer A3 Desuperheating zone Based on outside of tubes in desu- heat transfer surface area perheating zone (effective surface (design) only), provided by heater designer C, * Hourly heat capacity By com
49、putation flow rate of steam con- densate in drain cooling zone or external drain cooler (computed) C3* Hourly heat capacity By computation flow rate of steam in desuperheating zone (computed) cl * Hourly heat capacity By computation flow rate of feedwater in drain cooling zone or external drain cooler (computed) sq ft sq ft m2 m2 Btu/(hr-OF) w/c Btu/(hr-OF) W/C Btu/(hr-OF) W/C 5 Copyright ASME
